TY  - RPRT
A1  - Jonjic, Andrea
A1  - Kazeka, Papy Manzanza
A1  - Metten, Daniel
A1  - Tietgen, Flora
T1  - Die Transnationale Zivilgesellschaft – Hoffnungsträger in der Global Governance?
T1  - Transnational Civil Society - a bearer of hope in global governance?
N2  - Angesichts weltweiter Krisen und Konflikte ist eine stärkere Einbindung der Transnationalen Zivilgesellschaft notwendiger denn je. Ihr Engagement für mehr Demokratie, Transparenz und Gerechtigkeit brachte ihr den Status eines Hoffnungsträgers in der Global Governance ein – vor allem in den 1990er Jahren, als der Fokus zunehmend auf nichtstaatliche Akteure gerichtet wurde. Mit den globalen Herausforderungen der Jahrtausendwende rückten jedoch Nationalstaaten wieder in den Mittelpunkt, und es stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern die Akteure der Transnationalen Zivilgesellschaft angesichts dieser veränderten Konstellationen noch als Hoffnungsträger bei der Bewältigung weltweiter Krisen gelten können. Dieser Beitrag argumentiert, dass trotz wesentlicher Schwachstellen wie des Legitimitätsdefizits, der vielschichtigen Abhängigkeiten und der Ungleichheit im Nord-Süd-Gefälle die Transnationale Zivilgesellschaft eine essentielle Rolle in der Global Governance wahrnimmt. Sie führt zu mehr Effizienz in Governance-Strukturen, fördert demokratische Prozesse, schafft mehr Transparenz in internationalen Verhandlungen und leistet somit einen Beitrag zu einer gerechteren Welt – ein Hoffnungsträger also im globalen Mächtekonzert.
N2  - In the light of worldwide crises and conflicts, stronger involvement of transnational civil society is more necessary than ever before. Its engagement for more democracy, transparency and equity has awarded the transnational civil society to the status of a bearer of hope within global governance – especially in the 1990s when non-governmental actors got into the focus of research. Facing the global challenges at the turn of the millennium, the nation state came back to center stage and the question has to be raised whether the actors of transnational civil society still are a bearer of hope to cope with the global crises. This article argues that in spite of significant deficiencies like the lack of legitimacy, complex dependencies and the disparity within the north-south divide, transnational civil society still is playing an essential role within global governance. It leads to more efficiency in governance structures, promotes democratic processes, creates more transparency in international negotiations and contributes to a fairer world – transnational civil society thus still is a bearer of hope in the global concert of power.
T3  - Würzburger Arbeitspapiere zur Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie (WAPS) - 8 
KW  - Bürgerliche Gesellschaft
KW  - Globalisierung
KW  - Global Governance
KW  - Nichtstaatliche Organisation
KW  - Soziale Bewegung
KW  - Legitimitätsdefizit
KW  - PEGIDA
KW  - Hoffnungsträger
KW  - Vereinte Nationen
KW  - Nord-Süd-Gefälle
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130762
N1  - Masterforschungsprojekt im Bereich Internationale Beziehungen unter Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Gisela Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lodha, Manivel
A1  - Muchsin, Ihsan
A1  - Jürges, Christopher
A1  - Juranic Lisnic, Vanda
A1  - L’Hernault, Anne
A1  - Rutkowski, Andrzej J.
A1  - Prusty, Bhupesh K.
A1  - Grothey, Arnhild
A1  - Milic, Andrea
A1  - Hennig, Thomas
A1  - Jonjic, Stipan
A1  - Friedel, Caroline C.
A1  - Erhard, Florian
A1  - Dölken, Lars
T1  - Decoding murine cytomegalovirus
JF  - PLOS Pathogens
N2  - The genomes of both human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were first sequenced over 20 years ago. Similar to HCMV, the MCMV genome had initially been proposed to harbor ≈170 open reading frames (ORFs). More recently, omics approaches revealed HCMV gene expression to be substantially more complex comprising several hundred viral ORFs. Here, we provide a state-of-the art reannotation of lytic MCMV gene expression based on integrative analysis of a large set of omics data. Our data reveal 365 viral transcription start sites (TiSS) that give rise to 380 and 454 viral transcripts and ORFs, respectively. The latter include 200 small ORFs, some of which represented the most highly expressed viral gene products. By combining TiSS profiling with metabolic RNA labelling and chemical nucleotide conversion sequencing (dSLAM-seq), we provide a detailed picture of the expression kinetics of viral transcription. This not only resulted in the identification of a novel MCMV immediate early transcript encoding the m166.5 ORF, which we termed ie4, but also revealed a group of well-expressed viral transcripts that are induced later than canonical true late genes and contain an initiator element (Inr) but no TATA- or TATT-box in their core promoters. We show that viral upstream ORFs (uORFs) tune gene expression of longer viral ORFs expressed in cis at translational level. Finally, we identify a truncated isoform of the viral NK-cell immune evasin m145 arising from a viral TiSS downstream of the canonical m145 mRNA. Despite being ≈5-fold more abundantly expressed than the canonical m145 protein it was not required for downregulating the NK cell ligand, MULT-I. In summary, our work will pave the way for future mechanistic studies on previously unknown cytomegalovirus gene products in an important virus animal model.
KW  - virology
KW  - genetics
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - immunology
KW  - microbiology
KW  - parasitology
KW  - murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350480
SN  - 1553-7374
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
ER  -