TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Thomas
A1  - Karunakaran, Mohindar Murugesh
A1  - Fichtner, Alina Suzann
T1  - A glance over the fence: Using phylogeny and species comparison for a better understanding of antigen recognition by human γδ T‐cells
T2  - Immunological Reviews
N2  - Both, jawless and jawed vertebrates possess three lymphocyte lineages defined by highly diverse antigen receptors: Two T‐cell‐ and one B‐cell‐like lineage. In both phylogenetic groups, the theoretically possible number of individual antigen receptor specificities can even outnumber that of lymphocytes of a whole organism. Despite fundamental differences in structure and genetics of these antigen receptors, convergent evolution led to functional similarities between the lineages. Jawed vertebrates possess αβ and γδ T‐cells defined by eponymous αβ and γδ T‐cell antigen receptors (TCRs). “Conventional” αβ T‐cells recognize complexes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and peptides. Non‐conventional T‐cells, which can be αβ or γδ T‐cells, recognize a large variety of ligands and differ strongly in phenotype and function between species and within an organism. This review describes similarities and differences of non‐conventional T‐cells of various species and discusses ligands and functions of their TCRs. A special focus is laid on Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells whose TCRs act as sensors for phosphorylated isoprenoid metabolites, so‐called phosphoantigens (PAg), associated with microbial infections or altered host metabolism in cancer or after drug treatment. We discuss the role of butyrophilin (BTN)3A and BTN2A1 in PAg‐sensing and how species comparison can help in a better understanding of this human Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell subset.
KW  - antigen presentation
KW  - BTN2
KW  - BTN3
KW  - butyrophilin
KW  - evolution
KW  - γδ TCR
Y1  - 2020
UR  - https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/21837
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218373
VL  - 298
IS  - 1
SP  - 218
EP  - 236
ER  -