TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gernert, Michael
A1  - Kiesel, Matthias
A1  - Fröhlich, Matthias
A1  - Renner, Regina
A1  - Strunz, Patrick-Pascal
A1  - Portegys, Jan
A1  - Tony, Hans-Peter
A1  - Schmalzing, Marc
A1  - Schwaneck, Eva Christina
T1  - High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
T2  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Background
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV)-infections are common in the general population and are responsible for relevant numbers of epithelial malignancies. Much data on the HPV-prevalence is available for secondary immunodeficiencies, especially for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. Little is known about the genital HPV-prevalence in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with PIDs and took genital swabs from male and female patients, which were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV-DNA. Clinical and laboratory data was collected to identify risk factors.

Results
28 PID patients were included in this study. 10 of 28 (35.7%) had HPV-DNA in their genital swabs. 6 patients had high-risk HPV-types (21.4%). Most patients had asymptomatic HPV-infections, as genital warts were rare (2 of 28 patients) and HPV-associated malignancy was absent. Differences in the HPV-positivity regarding clinical PID-diagnosis, duration of PID, age, sex, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin replacement, or circumcision in males were not present. HPV-positive PID patients had higher numbers of T cells (CD3\(^+\)), of cytotoxic T cells (CD3\(^+\)/CD8\(^+\)), of transitional B cells (CD19\(^+\)/CD38\(^{++}\)/CD10\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\)), and of plasmablasts (CD19\(^+\)/CD38\(^+\)/CD27\(^{++}\)/IgD\(^-\)) compared to HPV-negative.

Conclusion
PID patients exhibit a high rate of genital HPV-infections with a high rate of high-risk HPV-types. Regular screening for symptomatic genital HPV-infection and HPV-associated malignancy in PID patients seems recommendable.
KW  - human papillomavirus
KW  - primary immunodeficiency
KW  - inborn errors of immunity (IEIs)
KW  - common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
KW  - genital warts
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/25027
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250273
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 12
ER  -