@article{PaeleckeHabermannPaeleckeMauthetal.2019, author = {Paelecke-Habermann, Yvonne and Paelecke, Marko and Mauth, Juliane and Tschisgale, Juliane and Lindenmeyer, Johannes and K{\"u}bler, Andrea}, title = {A comparison of implicit and explicit reward learning in low risk alcohol users versus people who binge drink and people with alcohol dependence}, series = {Addictive Behaviors Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Addictive Behaviors Reports}, doi = {10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100178}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201406}, pages = {100178}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Chronic alcohol use leads to specific neurobiological alterations in the dopaminergic brain reward system, which probably are leading to a reward deficiency syndrome in alcohol dependence. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of such hypothesized neurobiological alterations on the behavioral level, and more precisely on the implicit and explicit reward learning. Alcohol users were classified as dependent drinkers (using the DSM-IV criteria), binge drinkers (using criteria of the USA National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) or low-risk drinkers (following recommendations of the Scientific board of trustees of the German Health Ministry). The final sample (n = 94) consisted of 36 low-risk alcohol users, 37 binge drinkers and 21 abstinent alcohol dependent patients. Participants were administered a probabilistic implicit reward learning task and an explicit reward- and punishment-based trial-and-error-learning task. Alcohol dependent patients showed a lower performance in implicit and explicit reward learning than low risk drinkers. Binge drinkers learned less than low-risk drinkers in the implicit learning task. The results support the assumption that binge drinking and alcohol dependence are related to a chronic reward deficit. Binge drinking accompanied by implicit reward learning deficits could increase the risk for the development of an alcohol dependence.}, language = {en} } @article{JahedKavousiFarashianietal.2020, author = {Jahed, Razieh Rafiei and Kavousi, Mohammad Reza and Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Babanezhad, Manoochehr and Courbaud, Benoit and Wirtz, Roland and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Larrieu, Laurent}, title = {A comparison of the formation rates and composition of tree-related microhabitats in beech-dominated primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian forests}, series = {Forests}, volume = {11}, journal = {Forests}, number = {2}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f11020144}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200849}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Primeval forests in the temperate zone exist only as a few remnants, but theses serve as important reference areas for conservation. As key habitats, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are of intense interest to forest ecologists, but little is known about their natural composition and dynamics in different tree species. Beech forms a major part of the temperate forests that extend from Europe, home to European beech Fagus sylvatica L. (Fs), eastward to Iran, where Oriental beech Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fo) is the dominant species. In this study, we compared TreMs in primeval forests of both species, using data from Fo growing in 25 inventory plots throughout the Hyrcanian forest belt in Iran and from Fs growing in a 9 ha permanent plot in the Uholka Forest of Ukraine. TreMs based on 47 types and 11 subgroups were recorded. Beech trees in the Hyrcanian forest had a higher mean diameter at breast height (dbh) than beech trees in Uholka and contained twice as many TreMs per hectare. Although the mean richness of TreMs per TreM bearing tree was similar in the two species, on the basis of the comparison single trees in two groups (n = 405 vs. 2251), the composition of the TreMs clearly differed, as the proportions of rot holes, root-buttress concavities, and crown deadwood were higher in the Hyrcanian Forest, and those of bark losses, exposed heartwood, and burrs and cankers higher in Uholka Forest. Estimates of TreMs dynamics based on dbh and using Weibull models showed a significantly faster cumulative increase of TreMs in Fo, in which saturation occurred already in trees with a dbh of 70-80 cm. By contrast, the increase in TreMs in Fs was continuous. In both species, the probability density was highest at a dbh of about 30 cm, but was twice as high in Fo. Because of limitations of our study design, the reason behind observed differences of TreM formation and composition between regions remains unclear, as it could be either result of the tree species or the environment, or their interaction. However, the observed differences were more likely the result of differences in the environment than in the two tree species. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that the Hyrcanian Forest, recently designated as a natural heritage site in Iran, is unique, not only as a tertiary relict or due to its endemic trees, herbs and arthropods, but also because of its TreMs, which form a distinct and rich habitat for associated taxa, including endemic saproxylic species.}, language = {en} } @article{HagemannAnackerErnestusetal.2012, author = {Hagemann, Carsten and Anacker, Jelena and Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo and Vince, Giles H.}, title = {A complete compilation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human malignant gliomas}, series = {World Journal of Clinical Oncology}, volume = {3}, journal = {World Journal of Clinical Oncology}, number = {5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123982}, pages = {67-79}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Glioblastomas are characterized by an aggressive local growth pattern, a marked degree of invasiveness and poor prognosis. Tumor invasiveness is facilitated by the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes which are involved in destruction of the extracellular matrix of the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were found in glioblastoma (GBM) cell-lines, as well as in GBM biopsies as compared with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) and normal brain samples, indicating a role in malignant progression. A careful review of the available literature revealed that both the expression and role of several of the 23 human MMP proteins is controversely discussed and for some there are no data available at all. We therefore screened a panel of 15 LGA and 15 GBM biopsy samples for those MMPs for which there is either no, very limited or even contradictory data available. Hence, this is the first complete compilation of the expression pattern of all 23 human MMPs in astrocytic tumors. This study will support a better understanding of the specific expression patterns and interaction of proteolytic enzymes in malignant human glioma and may provide additional starting points for targeted patient therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{PaulsBlechschmidtFrantzmannetal.2018, author = {Pauls, Dennis and Blechschmidt, Christine and Frantzmann, Felix and el Jundi, Basil and Selcho, Mareike}, title = {A comprehensive anatomical map of the peripheral octopaminergic/tyraminergic system of Drosophila melanogaster}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {15314}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-33686-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177412}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The modulation of an animal's behavior through external sensory stimuli, previous experience and its internal state is crucial to survive in a constantly changing environment. In most insects, octopamine (OA) and its precursor tyramine (TA) modulate a variety of physiological processes and behaviors by shifting the organism from a relaxed or dormant condition to a responsive, excited and alerted state. Even though OA/TA neurons of the central brain are described on single cell level in Drosophila melanogaster, the periphery was largely omitted from anatomical studies. Given that OA/TA is involved in behaviors like feeding, flying and locomotion, which highly depend on a variety of peripheral organs, it is necessary to study the peripheral connections of these neurons to get a complete picture of the OA/TA circuitry. We here describe the anatomy of this aminergic system in relation to peripheral tissues of the entire fly. OA/TA neurons arborize onto skeletal muscles all over the body and innervate reproductive organs, the heart, the corpora allata, and sensory organs in the antennae, legs, wings and halteres underlining their relevance in modulating complex behaviors.}, language = {en} } @article{PetersFohmannRudeletal.2021, author = {Peters, Simon and Fohmann, Ingo and Rudel, Thomas and Schubert-Unkmeir, Alexandra}, title = {A Comprehensive Review on the Interplay between Neisseria spp. and Host Sphingolipid Metabolites}, series = {Cells}, volume = {10}, journal = {Cells}, number = {11}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells10113201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250203}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Sphingolipids represent a class of structural related lipids involved in membrane biology and various cellular processes including cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and migration. Over the past decade, sphingolipids have become the focus of intensive studies regarding their involvement in infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate the sphingolipid metabolism resulting in cell membrane reorganization and receptor recruitment to facilitate their entry. They may recruit specific host sphingolipid metabolites to establish a favorable niche for intracellular survival and proliferation. In contrast, some sphingolipid metabolites can also act as a first line defense against bacteria based on their antimicrobial activity. In this review, we will focus on the strategies employed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. to modulate the sphingolipid metabolism and hijack the sphingolipid balance in the host to promote cellular colonization, invasion and intracellular survival. Novel techniques and innovative approaches will be highlighted that allow imaging of sphingolipid derivatives in the host cell as well as in the pathogen.}, language = {en} } @article{SanderXuEilersetal.2017, author = {Sander, Bodo and Xu, Wenshan and Eilers, Martin and Popov, Nikita and Lorenz, Sonja}, title = {A conformational switch regulates the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1}, series = {eLife}, volume = {6}, journal = {eLife}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.21036}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171862}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The human ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 has key roles in tumorigenesis, yet it is unkown how its activity is regulated. We present the crystal structure of a C-terminal part of HUWE1, including the catalytic domain, and reveal an asymmetric auto-inhibited dimer. We show that HUWE1 dimerizes in solution and self-associates in cells, and that both occurs through the crystallographic dimer interface. We demonstrate that HUWE1 is inhibited in cells and that it can be activated by disruption of the dimer interface. We identify a conserved segment in HUWE1 that counteracts dimer formation by associating with the dimerization region intramolecularly. Our studies reveal, intriguingly, that the tumor suppressor p14ARF binds to this segment and may thus shift the conformational equilibrium of HUWE1 toward the inactive state. We propose a model, in which the activity of HUWE1 underlies conformational control in response to physiological cues—a mechanism that may be exploited for cancer therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{FroehlichPapenfortBergeretal.2012, author = {Fr{\"o}hlich, Kathrin S. and Papenfort, Kai and Berger, Allison A. and Vogel, J{\"o}rg}, title = {A conserved RpoS-dependent small RNA controls the synthesis of major porin OmpD}, series = {Nucleic Acids Research}, volume = {40}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gkr1156}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134230}, pages = {3623-3640}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A remarkable feature of many small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) of Escherichia coli and Salmonella is their accumulation in the stationary phase of bacterial growth. Several stress response regulators and sigma factors have been reported to direct the transcription of stationary phase-specific sRNAs, but a widely conserved sRNA gene that is controlled by the major stationary phase and stress sigma factor, Sigma(S) (RpoS), has remained elusive. We have studied in Salmonella the conserved SdsR sRNA, previously known as RyeB, one of the most abundant stationary phase-specific sRNAs in E. coli. Alignments of the sdsR promoter region and genetic analysis strongly suggest that this sRNA gene is selectively transcribed by Sigma(S). We show that SdsR down-regulates the synthesis of the major Salmonella porin OmpD by Hfq-dependent base pairing; SdsR thus represents the fourth sRNA to regulate this major outer membrane porin. Similar to the InvR, MicC and RybB sRNAs, SdsR recognizes the ompD mRNA in the coding sequence, suggesting that this mRNA may be primarily targeted downstream of the start codon. The SdsR-binding site in ompD was localized by 3'-RACE, an experimental approach that promises to be of use in predicting other sRNA-target interactions in bacteria.}, language = {en} } @article{LibreSeisslerGuerreroetal.2021, author = {Libre, Camille and Seissler, Tanja and Guerrero, Santiago and Batisse, Julien and Verriez, C{\´e}dric and Stupfler, Benjamin and Gilmer, Orian and Cabrera-Rodriguez, Romina and Weber, Melanie M. and Valenzuela-Fernandez, Agustin and Cimarelli, Andrea and Etienne, Lucie and Marquet, Roland and Paillart, Jean-Christophe}, title = {A conserved uORF regulates APOBEC3G translation and is targeted by HIV-1 Vif protein to repress the antiviral factor}, series = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biomedicines}, number = {1}, issn = {2227-9059}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10010013}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252147}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The HIV-1 Vif protein is essential for viral fitness and pathogenicity. Vif decreases expression of cellular restriction factors APOBEC3G (A3G), A3F, A3D and A3H, which inhibit HIV-1 replication by inducing hypermutation during reverse transcription. Vif counteracts A3G at several levels (transcription, translation, and protein degradation) that altogether reduce the levels of A3G in cells and prevent its incorporation into viral particles. How Vif affects A3G translation remains unclear. Here, we uncovered the importance of a short conserved uORF (upstream ORF) located within two critical stem-loop structures of the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of A3G mRNA for this process. A3G translation occurs through a combination of leaky scanning and translation re-initiation and the presence of an intact uORF decreases the extent of global A3G translation under normal conditions. Interestingly, the uORF is also absolutely required for Vif-mediated translation inhibition and redirection of A3G mRNA into stress granules. Overall, we discovered that A3G translation is regulated by a small uORF conserved in the human population and that Vif uses this specific feature to repress its translation.}, language = {en} } @article{HaackHauckKlingenbergetal.2021, author = {Haack, J. and Hauck, C. and Klingenberg, C. and Pirner, M. and Warnecke, S.}, title = {A Consistent BGK Model with Velocity-Dependent Collision Frequency for Gas Mixtures}, series = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, volume = {184}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, number = {3}, issn = {1572-9613}, doi = {10.1007/s10955-021-02821-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269146}, pages = {31}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We derive a multi-species BGK model with velocity-dependent collision frequency for a non-reactive, multi-component gas mixture. The model is derived by minimizing a weighted entropy under the constraint that the number of particles of each species, total momentum, and total energy are conserved. We prove that this minimization problem admits a unique solution for very general collision frequencies. Moreover, we prove that the model satisfies an H-Theorem and characterize the form of equilibrium.}, language = {en} } @article{HirschKraussOpferkuchetal.2016, author = {Hirsch, Martin and Krauss, Manuel E. and Opferkuch, Toby and Porod, Werner and Staub, Florian}, title = {A constrained supersymmetric left-right model}, series = {JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS}, volume = {03}, journal = {JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS}, number = {009}, doi = {10.1007/JHEP03(2016)009}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168016}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present a supersymmetric left-right model which predicts gauge coupling unification close to the string scale and extra vector bosons at the TeV scale. The subtleties in constructing a model which is in agreement with the measured quark masses and mixing for such a low left-right breaking scale are discussed. It is shown that in the constrained version of this model radiative breaking of the gauge symmetries is possible and a SM-like Higgs is obtained. Additional CP-even scalars of a similar mass or even much lighter are possible. The expected mass hierarchies for the supersymmetric states differ clearly from those of the constrained MSSM. In particular, the lightest down-type squark, which is a mixture of the sbottom and extra vector-like states, is always lighter than the stop. We also comment on the model's capability to explain current anomalies observed at the LHC.}, language = {en} }