@phdthesis{Finkenberg2018,
  author    = {Finkenberg, Frank},
  title     = {Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164146},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In der Unterrichtsmethode Flipped Classroom sind schulische und h{\"a}usliche Aktivit{\"a}ten vertauscht. Instruktionale Elemente werden in online verf{\"u}gbare Lernvideos ausgelagert, welche die Sch{\"u}ler als h{\"a}usliche Vorbereitung ansehen. Im Unterricht stehen dann sch{\"u}lerzentrierte T{\"a}tigkeiten im Vordergrund, in denen die Sch{\"u}ler ihr Wissen anwenden und vertiefen k{\"o}nnen. Durch die Auslagerung von Inputphasen wandelt sich die Rolle des Lehrers vom Instructor zum Lernbegleiter. Die vorliegende quasi-experimentelle Studie im Pre-/Postdesign mit Kontrollgruppe untersuchte die Wirkungen des Flipped Classroom in Physikkursen der Oberstufe (Grundkursniveau) an zwei deutschen Gymnasien mit N = 151 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern. Acht Physikkurse der 11. Jahrgangsstufe nahmen an der Studie teil, die sich {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von zwei Schuljahren erstreckte (2015/16 und 2016/17). Vier der f{\"u}nf teilnehmenden Lehrkr{\"a}fte unterrichteten sowohl einen Kontroll- als auch einen Treatmentkurs. S{\"a}mtliche Lernvideos wurden von den Lehrkr{\"a}ften selbst erstellt. Dabei integrierten sie reale Experimente, um dem Anspruch physikauthentischen Unterrichts gerecht zu werden. Die Forschungsfragen richteten sich sowohl auf die Leistung in einem Fachwissenstest als auch auf affektive Lernmerkmale wie die Motivation, das Interesse und das Selbstkonzept. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden die wahrgenommene Lehrerunterst{\"u}tzung und das Hausaufgabenverhalten untersucht. Die Anwendung von Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht zeigte gr{\"o}ßtenteils positive Effekte. Die Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler im Flipped Classroom hatten einen h{\"o}heren kognitiven Lernzuwachs und ein besseres Selbstkonzept als ihre Mitsch{\"u}ler, die traditionell unterrichtet wurden. Das Leistungsniveau und das Geschlecht der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler hatten dabei keinen Einfluss auf diese Effekte. W{\"a}hrend die Motivation, sich mit Physik zu besch{\"a}ftigen, in der Kontrollgruppe sank, blieb sie in der Treatmentgruppe auf konstantem Niveau. Bei genauerem Blick zeigte sich, dass die Motivation bei Sch{\"u}lerinnen im Flipped Classroom anstieg, bei Sch{\"u}lerinnen im traditionellen Unterricht jedoch abnahm. Das Interesse am Unterrichtsfach Physik wurde in beiden Gruppen geringer. Sowohl die wahrgenommene Lehrerunterst{\"u}tzung als auch die Hausaufgabendauer blieben in beiden Gruppen zwischen Pre- und Posttest unver{\"a}ndert. Die Hausaufgabendisziplin war im Flipped Classroom jedoch deutlich h{\"o}her, was zeigt, dass die Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler eher bereit waren, sich instruktionale Lernvideos anzusehen als klassische Hausaufgaben zu bearbeiten.},
  subject      = {Physikunterricht},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Reeg2017,
  author    = {Reeg, Johannes},
  title     = {Empirical Studies of Contemporaneous Banking Research},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153581},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Banks perform important functions for the economy. Besides financial intermediation, banks provide information, liquidity, maturity- and risk-transformation (Fama, 1985). Banks ensure the transfer of liquidity from depositors to the most profitable investment projects. In addition, they perform important screening and monitoring services over investments hence contributing steadily to the efficient allocation of resources across the economy (Pathan and Faff, 2013). Since banks provide financial services all across the economy, this exposes banks (as opposed to non-banks) to systemic risk: the recent financial crisis revealed that banks can push economies into severe recessions. However, the crisis also revealed that certain bank types appear far more stable than others. For instance, cooperative banks performed better during the crisis than commercial banks. Different business models may reason these performance-differences: cooperative banks focus on relationship lending across their region, hence these banks suffered less from the collapse of the US housing market. Since cooperative banks performed better during the crisis than commercial banks, it is quite surprising that research concerning cooperative banks is highly underrepresented in the literature. For this reason, the following three studies aim to contribute to current literature by examining three independent contemporaneous research questions in the context of cooperative banks. Chapter 2 examines whether cooperative banks benefit from revenue diversification: Current banking literature reveals the recent trend in the overall banking industry that banks may opt for diversification by shifting their revenues to non-interest income. However, existing literature also shows that not every bank benefits from revenue diversification (Mercieca et al., 2007; Stiroh and Rumble, 2006; Goddard et al., 2008). Stiroh and Rumble (2006) find that large commercial banks (US Financial Holding Companies) perceive decreasing performance by shifting revenues towards non-interest income. Revenues from cooperative banks differ from those of commercial banks: commercial banks trade securities and derivatives, sell investment certificates and other trading assets. Concerning the lending business, commercial banks focus on providing loans for medium-sized and large companies rather than for small (private) customers. Cooperative banks rely on commission income (fees) from monetary transactions and selling insurances as a source of non-interest income. They generate most of their interest income by providing loans to small and medium-sized companies as well as to private customers in the region. These differences in revenues raise the question whether findings from Stiroh and Rumble (2006) apply to cooperative banks. For this reason, Chapter 2 evaluates a sample of German cooperative banks over the period 2005 to 2010 and aims to investigate the following research question: which cooperative banks benefit from revenue diversification? Results show that findings from Stiroh and Rumble (2006) do not apply to cooperative banks. Revenue concentration is positive related to risk-adjusted returns (indirect effect) for cooperative banks. At the same time, non-interest income is more profitable than interest income (direct effect). The evaluation of the underlying non-interest income share shows that banks who heavily focus on non-interest income benefit by shifting towards non-interest income. This finding arises due to the fact, that the positive direct effect dominates the negative indirect effect, leading in a positive (and significant) net effect. Furthermore, results reveal a negative net effect for banks who are heavily exposed to interest generating activities. This indicates that shifting to non-interest income decreases risk-adjusted returns for these banks. Consequently, these banks do better by focusing on the interest business. Overall, results show evidence that banks need time to build capabilities, expertise and experience before trading off return and risk efficiently with regard on revenue diversification. Chapter 3 deals with the relation between credit risk, liquidity risk, capital risk and bank efficiency: There has been rising competition in the European banking market due to technological development, deregulation and the introduction of the Euro as a common currency in recent decades. In order to remain competitive banks were forced to improve efficiency. That is, banks try to operate closer to a "best practice" production function in the sense that banks improve the input - output relation. The key question in this context is if banks improve efficiency at a cost of higher risk to compensate decreasing earnings. When it comes to bank risk, a large strand of literature discusses the issue of problem loans. Several studies identify that banks hold large shares of non-performing loans in their portfolio before becoming bankrupt (Barr and Siems, 1994; Demirg{\"u}c-Kunt, 1989). According to efficiency, studies show that the average bank generates low profits and incorporates high costs compared to the "best practice" production frontier (Fiordelisi et al., 2011; Williams, 2004). At first glance, these two issues do not seem related. However, Berger and DeYoung (1997) show that banks with poor management are less able to handle their costs (low cost-efficiency) as well as to monitor their debtors in an appropriate manner to ensure loan quality. The negative relationship between cost efficiency and non-performing loans leads to declining capital. Existing studies (e.g. Williams, 2004; Berger and DeYoung, 1997) show that banks with a low level of capital tend to engage in moral hazard behavior, which in turn can push these banks into bankruptcy. However, the business model of cooperative banks is based on the interests of its commonly local customers (the cooperative act: \S 1 GenG). This may imply that the common perception of banks engaging in moral hazard behavior may not apply to cooperative banks. Since short-term shareholder interests (as a potential factor for moral hazard behavior) play no role for cooperative banks this may support this notion. Furthermore, liquidity has been widely neglected in the existing literature, since the common perception has been that access to additional liquid funds is not an issue. However, the recent financial crisis revealed that liquidity dried up for many banks due to increased mistrust in the banking sector. Besides investigating moral hazard behavior, using data from 2005 to 2010 this study moves beyond current literature by employing a measure for liquidity risk in order to evaluate how liquidity risk relates to efficiency and capital. Results mostly apply to current literature in this field since the empirical evaluation reveals that lower cost and profit-efficiency Granger-cause increases in credit risk. At the same time, results indicate that credit risk negatively Granger-causes cost and profit-efficiency, hence revealing a bi-directional relationship between these measures. However, most importantly, results also show a positive relationship between capital and credit risk, thus displaying that moral hazard behavior does not apply to cooperative banks. Especially the business model of cooperative banks, which is based on the interests of its commonly local customers (the cooperative act: \S 1 GenG) may reason this finding. Contrary to Fiordelisi et al. (2011), results also show a negative relationship between capital and cost-efficiency, indicating that struggling cooperative banks focus on managing their cost-exposure in following periods. Concerning the employed liquidity risk measure, the authors find that banks who hold a high level of liquidity are less active in market related investments and hold high shares of equity capital. This outcome clearly reflects risk-preferences from the management of a bank. Chapter 4 examines governance structures of cooperative banks: The financial crisis of 2007/08 led to huge distortions in the banking market. The failure of Lehman Brothers was the beginning of government interventions in various countries all over the world in order to prevent domestic economies from even further disruptions. In the aftermath of the crisis, politicians and regulators identified governance deficiencies as one major factor that contributed to the crisis. Besides existing studies in the banking literature (e.g. Beltratti and Stulz, 2012; Diamond and Rajan, 2009; Erkens et al., 2012) an OECD study from 2009 supports this notion (Kirkpatrick, 2009). Public debates increased awareness for the need of appropriate governance mechanisms at that time. Consequently, politicians and regulators called for more financial expertise on bank boards. Accordingly, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision states in principle 2 that "board members should remain qualified, individually and collectively, for their positions. They should understand their oversight and corporate governance role and be able to exercise sound, objective judgement about the affairs of the bank." (BCBS, 2015). Taking these perceptions into consideration the prevailing question is whether financial experts on bank boards do really foster bank stability? This chapter aims to investigate this question by referring to the study from Minton et al. (2014). In their study, the authors investigate US commercial bank holding companies between the period 2003 and 2008. The authors find that financial experts on the board of US commercial bank holding companies promote pro-cyclical bank performance. Accordingly, the authors question regulators view of more financial experts on the board leading to more banking stability. However, Minton et al. (2014) do not examine whether their findings accrue due to financial experts who act in the interests of shareholders or due to the issue that financial experts may have a more risk-taking attitude (due to a better understanding of financial instruments) than other board members. Supposed that their findings accrue due to financial experts who act in the interests of shareholders. Then financial experts on the board of banks where short-term shareholder interests play no role (cooperative banks) may prove beneficial with regard on bank performance during the crisis as well as in normal times. This would mean that they use their skills and expertise to contribute sustainable growth to the bank. Contrary, if this study reveals pro-cyclical bank performance related to financial experts on the board of cooperative banks, this finding may be addressed solely to the risk-taking attitude of financial experts (since short-term shareholder interests play no role). For this reason, this chapter aims to identify the channel for the relation of financial experts and bank performance by examining the following research question: Do financial experts on the board promote pro-cyclical bank performance in a setting where short-term shareholder interests play no role? Results show that financial experts on the board of cooperative banks (data from 2006 to 2011) do not promote pro-cyclical bank performance. Contrary, results show evidence that financial experts on the board of cooperative banks appear to foster long-term bank stability. This suggests that regulators should consider ownership structure (and hence business model of banks) when imposing new regulatory constraints for financial experts on the bank board.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schnabel2011,
  author    = {Schnabel, Eva},
  title     = {Alcohol and driving-related performance - A comprehensive meta-analysis focusing the significance of the non-significant},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69959},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The present work reviews the experimental literature on the acute effects of alcohol on human behaviour related to driving performance. A meta-analysis was conducted which includes studies published between 1954 and 2007 in order to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the substance alcohol. 450 studies reporting 5,300 findings were selected from over 12,000 references after applying certain in- and exclusion criteria. Thus, the present meta-analysis comprises far more studies than reviews on alcohol up to now. In the selected studies, different performance tests were conducted which were relevant for driving. The classification system used in this work assigns these tests to eight categories. The main categories consist of several sub categories classifying the tasks more precisely. The main categories were: (1) visual functions, (2) attention (including vigilance), (3) divided attention, (4) en-/decoding (including information processing and memory), (5) reaction time (including simple reaction time and choice reaction time), (6) psychomotor skills, (7) tracking and (8) driving. In addition to the performance aspect, the classification system takes into account mood and social behaviour variables related to driving safety like tiredness or aggression. Following the evaluation method of vote-counting, the number of significant findings and the number of non-significant findings were summarised per blood alcohol concentration (BAC) group. Thereby, a quantitative estimation of the effects of alcohol depending on the BAC was established, the so-called impairment function, which shows the percentage of significantly impaired findings. In order to provide a general overview of alcohol effects on driving-related performance, a global impairment function was established by aggregating all performance findings. The function is nearly linear with about 30\% significant findings at a BAC of 0.05\% and 50\% significant findings at a BAC of 0.08\%. In addition, more specific impairment functions considering only the findings of the single behavioural categories were calculated. The results revealed that impairment depends not only on the BAC, but also clearly differs between most of the performance categories. Tracking and driving performance were most affected by alcohol with impairment beginning at very low BACs of 0.02\%. Also psychomotor skills were considerably affected by rather low BACs. Impairment of visual functions and information processing occurred at BACs of 0.04\% and increased substantially with higher BACs. Impairment in memory tests could be found with very low BACs of 0.02\%, but varied depending on the kind of memory. Performance decrements in divided attention tests could also be found with very low BACs in some studies. Attention started to be impaired at 0.04\% BAC, but - as in vigilance tasks - considerable impairment only occurred at higher BACs. Choice reaction time was affected at lower BACs than simple reaction time, which was - together with the critical flicker fusion frequency - the least sensitive parameter to the effects of alcohol. To conclude, most skills which are relevant for the safe operation of a vehicle are clearly impaired by BACs of 0.05\%, with motor functions being more affected than cognitive functions and complex tasks more than simple tasks. Generally, the results provided no evidence of a threshold effect for alcohol. There was no driving-related performance category for which a sudden transition from unimpaired to impaired occurred at a particular BAC level. In addition, a comparison was made between the present meta-analysis and two reviews of Moskowitz (Moskowitz \& Fiorentino, 2000; Moskowitz \& Robinson, 1988). Moskowitz reported much lower BACs at which performance was impaired. The reasons for this discrepancy lies in a different way to review scientific findings. On the one hand, Moskowitz focused on significant findings when selecting studies and findings for his reviews. On the other hand, the evaluation method used by Moskowitz ignored non-significant findings and counted each study once at the lowest BAC for which impairment was found. Those non-significant findings are as important as the significant ones in order to determine thresholds of impairment. Therefore, in contrast to Moskowitz, the present work describes the effects of alcohol with functions considering also the non-significant findings. The significance of the non-significant is emphasized with respect to the selection procedure as well as to the evaluation method.},
  subject      = {Trunkenheit im Verkehr},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kirsch2007,
  author    = {Kirsch, Artur},
  title     = {Klinische Performance und Biokompatibilit{\"a}t der PUREMA® H-Dialysemembran},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34717},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen einer randomisierten, prospektiven Cross-over-Studie wurden w{\"a}hrend der H{\"a}modialyse an chronisch dialysepflichtigen Patienten standardisiert Parameter der Dialyseeffektivit{\"a}t und Biokompatibilit{\"a}t einer neuen, mittels einem Polyelektrolytadditiv modifizierten Dialysemembran, PUREMA® H, im Vergleich zu einer Kontrolldialysemembran, Helixone®, gemessen. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollmembran wies die PUREMA® H-Membran eine verbesserte Entfernung kleinmolekulargewichtiger Eiweiße incl. \&\#61538;2-Mikroglobulin und eine insbesondere f{\"u}r die Komplementaktivierung optimierte Biokompatibilit{\"a}t auf.},
  subject      = {H{\"a}modialyse},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Roos2005,
  author    = {Roos, Stephanie},
  title     = {Unternehmensperformance und Vorstandswechsel - eine empirische Analyse zur Effizienz deutscher Aufsichtsr{\"a}te},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20816},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Nach Unternehmensskandalen wie bei Enron, Worldcom oder Comroad steht das Thema Corporate Governance in vielen L{\"a}ndern wieder ganz oben auf der Agenda. Als Reaktion auf die spektakul{\"a}ren Unternehmenskrisen wird weltweit in zahlreichen Aussch{\"u}ssen {\"u}ber die optimale Ausgestaltung und Qualit{\"a}t der Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung und -kontrolle diskutiert. Im Zentrum der Diskussionen in Deutschland steht dabei h{\"a}ufig die Frage nach der Qualit{\"a}t der internen Managementkontrolle durch den Aufsichtsrat. Den Kontrolleuren wird vorgeworfen, ihrer {\"U}berwachungsfunktion nur unzureichend nachzukommen und die Zielvorstellungen der Anteilseigner weitgehend aus den Augen zu verlieren. Inwieweit sich die in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit lancierte Kritik an der Effizienz deutscher Aufsichtsr{\"a}te empirisch best{\"a}tigen l{\"a}sst, wird in der vorliegenden Studie {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Ann{\"a}herung an die Fragestellung erfolgt {\"u}ber eine Analyse des systematischen Zusammenhangs zwischen Unternehmensperformance und Wechseln in den Vorst{\"a}nden der DAX100-Gesellschaften {\"u}ber den Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2001. Neben den Turnover-Performance-Beziehungen wird die Reaktion der Kapitalmarktteilnehmer auf die Wechselank{\"u}ndigungen betrachtet. Die Kursanalysen geben Aufschluss {\"u}ber die Bedeutung der personellen Eingriffe durch den Aufsichtsrat f{\"u}r die weitere Unternehmensentwicklung aus Sicht des Kapitalmarktes. Die Untersuchung des gesamten Wechselprozesses bildet die Basis f{\"u}r die Ableitung interessanter Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Anreiz- und Disziplinierungswirkung des vom Aufsichtsrat praktizierten Absetzungsmechanismus.},
  subject      = {Aktiengesellschaft},
  language  = {de}
}