@phdthesis{Held2024,
  author    = {Held, Helena},
  title     = {The effectiveness of non-occlusal therapies in relation to the chronicity of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34799},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347990},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Background: That a differentiated treatment of subjects with low and high levels of disabling pain might be necessarily has only been suspected but not sufficiently confirmed so far. Furthermore, the effectiveness of extraoral therapy methods for TMD is still controversial in the literature. The present work could make an important contribution to this. Objectives: Five systematic reviews with meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the efficacy of extraoral therapies (acupuncture, laser, medication, psychosocial interventions, and physiotherapy) in the treatment of TMD in relation to the degree of chronicity of pain. Literature sources: With this objective, the databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Livivo, OpenGrey, drks.de, Clinicaltrials.gov. were searched. Criteria for the selection of suitable studies: Adults suffering from painful TMD and treated with either acupuncture, laser, medication, psychosocial interventions, or physiotherapy. The studies were then examined for evidence in the subjects' characteristics suggesting that they were suffering from chronic TMD in terms of pain dysfunction. These included a high score on the GCPS, resistance to undergone treatments, multilocular pain, depression, and regular use of pain medication. The effectiveness of the five interventions was then differentiated according to the suspected degree of chronicity. Effectiveness was assessed by the following outcomes: patient- related current pain intensity, MMO, pain on palpation, temporomandibular joint sounds, depression, and somatization. Study evaluation: After the assessment of the studies, the quality assessment (Risk of Bias Tool of the Cochrane Institute) and the extraction of the data were conducted. After that five meta-analyses were carried out for each of the five interventions using the Review Manager of the Cochrane Institute (RevMan 5.3) Results: Acupuncture and dry needling were statistically significantly more effective in providing short-term pain relief compared to the control group in patients with low disability pain (p=0.04) and (p=0.02), respectively. Acupuncture or dry needling did not show a significant result in the improvement of MMO in the short-term period. Laser therapy is more effective in relieving pain (p<0.0001) and functional outcomes (p=0.03) in the short term compared to placebo for low disability pain. Botulinum toxin (p=0.003) and NSAIDs (p=0.03) showed significantly better short-term improvement in pain intensity for high disability pain. Low disability pain is significantly better treated by psychosocial interventions than by other treatments in terms of long-term pain relief (more than 12 months) (p=0.02). Patients with high disability pain had significantly lower depression scores after psychosocial interventions than after other treatments (p=0.008). Physiotherapy showed a statistically significant short-term analgesic effect in patients with high disability pain compared to placebo (p=0.04). Manual Therapy (MT) showed a statistically significant short-term analgesic effect in high disability pain compared to the control group (p=0.01). Patients with low disability pain showed a statistically significant short-term pain-relieving effect with the single intervention of MT in combination with exercise compared to the control groups (p=0.003). A statistically significant result in the improvement of MMO was found in the short-term period in low disability pain for the single interventions of physiotherapy (p=0.008) and physiotherapy in combination with another treatment compared to other treatments (p=0.03), MT compared to the control group (p=0.03) and physiotherapy compared to splint therapy (p=0.03). Clinical conclusion: Individual interventions of the five extraoral therapies confirm the hypothesis that painful TMDs respond differently to established therapies depending on the degree of chronic pain-related disability and that the prognosis of therapy is significantly influenced by the degree of chronic pain- related disability of the condition, according to the GCPS. Registration number of the review at PROSPERO: CRD42020202558 Keywords: meta-analysis, systematic review, temporomandibular disorders, extra oral therapy, acupuncture, laser, medication, psychosocial interventions, physiotherapy, low disability, high disability, pain, chronification},
  subject      = {Metaanalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pollerhoff2024,
  author    = {Pollerhoff, Lena Katharina},
  title     = {Age differences in prosociality across the adult lifespan: Insights from self-reports, experimental paradigms, and meta-analyses},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35944},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359445},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Human prosociality, encompassing generosity, cooperation, and volunteering, holds a vital role in our daily lives. Over the last decades, the question of whether prosociality undergoes changes over the adult lifespan has gained increased research attention. Earlier studies suggested increased prosociality in older compared to younger individuals. However, recent meta-analyses revealed that this age effect might be heterogeneous and modest. Moreover, the contributing factors and mechanisms behind these age-related variations remain to be identified. To unravel age-related differences in prosociality, the first study of this dissertation employed a meta-analytical approach to summarize existing findings and provide insight into their heterogeneity by exploring linear and quadratic age effects on self-reported and behavioral prosociality. Additionally, two empirical research studies investigated whether these age-related differences in prosociality were observed in real life, assessed through ecological momentary assessment (Study 2), and in a controlled laboratory setting by applying a modified dictator game (Study 3). Throughout these three studies, potential underlying behavioral and computational mechanisms were explored. The outcome of the meta-analysis (Study 1) revealed small linear age effects on prosociality and significant age group differences between younger and older adults, with higher levels of prosociality in older adults. Explorative evidence emerged in favor of a quadratic age effect on behavioral prosociality, indicating the highest levels in midlife. Additionally, heightened prosocial behavior among middle-aged adults was observed compared to younger adults, whereas no significant differences in prosocial behavior were noted between middle-aged and older adults. Situational and contextual features, such as the setting of the study and specific paradigm characteristics, moderated the age-prosociality relationship, highlighting the importance of the (social) context when studying prosociality. For Study 2, no significant age effect on real-life prosocial behavior was observed. However, evidence for a significant linear and quadratic age effect on experiencing empathy in real life emerged, indicating a midlife peak. Additionally, across all age groups, the link between an opportunity to empathize and age significantly predicted real-life prosocial behavior. This effect, indicating higher levels of prosocial behavior when there was a situation possibly evoking empathy, was most pronounced in midlife. Study 3 presented age differences in how older and younger adults integrate values related to monetary gains for self and others to make a potential prosocial decision. Younger individuals effectively combined both values in a multiplicative fashion, enhancing decision-making efficiency. Older adults showed an additive effect of values for self and other and displayed increased decision-making efficiency when considering the values separately. However, among older adults, individuals with better inhibitory control were better able to integrate information about both values in their decisions. Taken together, the findings of this dissertation offer new insights into the multi-faceted nature of prosociality across adulthood and the mechanisms that help explain these age-related disparities. While this dissertation observed increasing prosociality across the adult lifespan, it also questions the assumption that older adults are inherently more prosocial. The studies highlight midlife as a potential peak period in social development but also emphasize the importance of the (social) context and that different operationalizations might capture distinct facets of prosociality. This underpins the need for a comprehensive framework to understand age effects of prosociality better and guide potential interventions.},
  subject      = {Altersunterschied},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Reis2024,
  author    = {Reis, Stefanie},
  title     = {Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der halbtherapeutischen und therapeutischen Antikoagulation bei hospitalisierten Patientinnen und Patienten mit COVID-19: eine systematische {\"U}bersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analyse},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35960},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359607},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {COVID-19 Patientinnen und Patienten haben ein hohes thrombotisches Risiko. Die Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit verschiedener Antikoagulationsschemata bei COVID-19 Patientinnen und Patienten sind unklar. Acht RCTs mit 5580 Patientinnen und Patienten wurden identifiziert, wovon zwei RCTs Antikoagulation in halbtherapeutischer und sechs RCTs Antikoagulation in therapeutischer Dosierung mit der Standard Thromboembolieprophylaxe verglichen haben. Die halbtherapeutische Antikoagulation kann wenig oder gar keinen Einfluss auf thrombotische Ereignisse oder Todesf{\"a}lle haben (RR 1,03, 95\% KI 0,86-1,24), kann aber schwere Blutungen (RR 1,48, 95\% KI 0,53-4,15) bei mittelschweren bis schweren COVID-19 Patientinnen und Patienten verst{\"a}rken. Therapeutische Antikoagulation kann thrombotische Ereignisse oder den Tod bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit mittelschwerem COVID-19 (RR 0,64, 95\% KI 0,38-1,07) verringern, kann aber bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit schwerer Erkrankung (RR 0,98, 95\% KI 0,86-1,12) wenig oder keine Wirkung haben. Das Risiko schwerer Blutungen kann unabh{\"a}ngig vom Schweregrad der Erkrankung zunehmen (RR 1,78, 95\% KI 1,15-2,74). Die Evidenzsicherheit ist immer noch gering. M{\"a}ßig betroffene COVID-19 Patientinnen und Patienten k{\"o}nnen von einer therapeutischen Antikoagulation profitieren, jedoch ist das Blutungsrisiko erh{\"o}ht.},
  subject      = {Metaanalyse},
  language  = {de}
}