@phdthesis{Schupp2006,
  author    = {Schupp, Kathrin},
  title     = {In vitro Herstellung eines vorderen Kreuzbandkonstruktes aus mesenchymalen Stammzellen und einem Kollagen Typ I-Hydrogel},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-21620},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes geh{\"o}ren zu h{\"a}ufigsten Verletzungen des menschlichen Bandapparates. Da das vordere Kreuzband {\"u}ber ein schlechtes intrinsisches Heilungspotenzial verf{\"u}gt, ist heutzutage die chirurgische Rekonstruktion mittels Sehnentransplantaten die Therapie der Wahl. Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigte sich mit der Fragestellung, ob es m{\"o}glich ist, ein Kreuzband-Konstrukt aus mesenchymalen Stammzellen (MSCs) und einem Kollagen Typ I-Hydrogel herzustellen und wie die Einwirkung von mechanischem Stress die Struktur und Eigenschaften eines solchen Band{\"a}quivalentes ver{\"a}ndert. Daf{\"u}r wurden MSCs und endst{\"a}ndige Knochenbl{\"o}cke in ein Kollagen Typ I-Hydrogel eingebracht. Das Konstrukt wurde zun{\"a}chst eine Woche horizontal kultiviert, um den Zellen eine Umwandlung des Gels und eine Anheftung der Knochenbl{\"o}cke zu erm{\"o}glichen. Anschließend wurde {\"u}ber 2 Wochen eine zyklische Dehnung in einem speziell daf{\"u}r entworfenen Bioreaktur auf das Konstrukt ausge{\"u}bt. Histochemische ( HE, Masson-Goldner, Azan, Sirius-Red) und immunhistochemische (Kollagen I und III, Fibronektin, Vimentin und Elastin) F{\"a}rbungen zeigten eine Induktion der Matrixproduktion mit wellenf{\"o}rmig in Achse des Zuges ausgerichteten Kollagenfasern, die Zellkerne stellten sich elongiert dar. RT-PCR-Analysen zeigten ebenso eine deutlich vermehrte Expression der oben genannten Fibroblastenmarker. Bei ungedehnten, horizontal kultivierten Kontrollkonstrukten waren keinerlei Ver{\"a}nderungen der Matrix zu erkennen. Das Konstrukt war jedoch nicht stabil genug, um f{\"u}r die klinische Anwendung zum Einsatz zu kommen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Huang2018,
  author    = {Huang, Hua},
  title     = {Comparative investigation of the chemical composition and the water permeability of fruit and leaf cuticles},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152948},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The plant cuticle is a continuous extracellular protective layer covering the outermost surfaces of higher plants that are in contact with the surrounding atmosphere. The primary function of the cuticular lipid membrane, which is mainly composed of biopolymer cutin and cuticular waxes, is to protect the plant organs against uncontrolled water loss. The chemical composition and the biophysical properties of cuticular waxes affect the rate of water diffusion across the cuticle. Fruit transpiration plays an important role in the development and the maintenance of fruit quality. The fruit has been suggested to present better dehydration stress tolerance than the leaf. However, the differences in transpiration and the chemical composition of cuticular waxes between fruit and leaf have yet to be comprehensively investigated. The present study aims to investigate the water permeability and cuticular wax composition of fruit and leaf cuticles of a wide range of plant species and to elucidate the different roles of the cuticular wax components in the transpiration barrier. To address these objectives, fruit and leaf samples from 17 species were investigated. The cuticular transpiration of intact fruits and astomatous adaxial leaf surfaces and the minimum leaf conductance obtained by leaf drying curves for intact leaves were gravimetrically determined for a variety of plant species. The chemical composition of cuticular waxes of fruits and leaves was thoroughly analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry. The water permeability of fruits ranged from 3.7 x 10-5 m s-1 (Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca) to 37.4 x 10-5 m s-1 (Coffea arabica), whereas permeability for leaves varied between 1.6 x 10-5 m s-1 (Cornus officinalis) and 4.5 x 10-5 m s-1 (Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca (L.)). The interspecies range of water permeability of fruits was significantly higher than that of leaves. Chemical analyses of the cuticular waxes demonstrated that fatty acids, primary alcohols, n-alkanes, aldehydes and alkyl esters were the predominant very-long-chain aliphatic compound classes of fruit and leaf surfaces. Sterols, such as β-sitosterol and campesterol, and triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, α-amyrin and ß-amyrin, were the major cyclic compound classes in the cuticular wax membrane. The amount and composition of cuticular waxes of both fruits and leaves varied at an intraspecific level. There were no significant correlations between the total cuticular wax load or the individual cuticular wax composition and the water permeability of fruits or leaves independently or together. After combining the fruit and leaf data set, a significant correlation between the average chain length of very-long-chain aliphatic compounds and permeabilities was detected, i.e. the longer the average chain length, the lower the water permeability. Interestingly, n-Nonacosane (C29) was abundantly detected in fruit waxes of Rosaceae species. These fruits exhibited a relatively low transpiration level, which was very close to their leaf cuticular permeability. The present study suggests that the lower cuticular permeability of leaves, in comparison to that of fruits, may be attributed to the longer average chain length of aliphatic compounds. The accumulation of total wax, triterpenoids and aliphatic compounds may not contribute to the transpiration barrier directly. The present results are highly consistent with the previous model assumptions for the cuticular structure and transport barrier. Furthermore, this comparative study on leaf and fruit cuticles provides further insights linking the cuticular wax chemistry to the physiological properties of the plant cuticle.},
  subject      = {Cuticle},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{HaddadWeber2010,
  author    = {Haddad-Weber, Meike},
  title     = {Development of stem cell-based ACL- and tendon reconstruction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66796},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and defects of the rotator cuff represent the most common ligament and tendon injuries in knee and shoulder. Both injuries represent significant implications for the patients. After an injury, the ACL and the rotator cuff both exhibit poor intrinsic healing capacities. In order to prevent further defects such as arthritis of the knee and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff, surgical interaction is essential. In both cases, the currently used surgical techniques are far from optimal because even after the therapy many patients report problems ranging from pain and reduced mobility to complete dysfunction of the involved joint and muscles. Tissue engineering may be a possible solution. It is a promising field of regenerative medicine and might be an advantageous alternative for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases in the near future. In this thesis, different tissue engineering based approaches were investigated. For the reconstruction of damaged or diseased ligaments and tendons, the use of MSCs and gene therapy with growth factors is especially suitable and possesses a great therapeutic potential. Therefore, the first method studied and tested in this thesis was the development of a biomaterial based construct for the repair of a ruptured ACL. The second approach represents a cell based strategy for the treatment of the fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff. The third approach was a combined cell, biomaterial, and growth factor based strategy for ACL ruptures. Biomaterial based ACL construct The implant is currently tested in a preclinical in vivo study in mini pigs. This proof-of-principle study is performed to validate the functional capability of the collagen fiber based implant under load in vivo and its population with fibroblasts which produce a ligamentogenic matrix. Cell based treatment of the fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff Regarding the treatment of the fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff in a rabbit model, the in vivo results are also promising. The group treated with autologous MSCs (+MSC group) showed a lower fat content than the untreated group (-MSC group) 6 weeks after the treatment. Furthermore, the SSP muscle of the MSC-treated animals revealed macroscopically and microscopically only few differences compared to the healthy control group. The exact underlying mechanisms leading to the positive results of the treatment are not yet fully understood and have therefore to be further investigated in the future. Cell, biomaterial, and growth factor based treatment of ACL ruptures Studies described in current literature show that collagen hydrogel scaffolds are not ideal for a complete ligament or tendon reconstruction, because of their insufficient mechanical stability. Introduced as an alternative and superior therapy, the combined strategy used in this thesis proves that the cultivation of BMP-12, -13, and IGF-1 transduced MSCs and ACL fibroblasts in a collagen hydrogel is successful. The results of the performed in vitro study reveal that the cells exhibit a fibroblastic appearance and produce a ligamentogenic matrix after 3 weeks. Furthermore, the adenoviral transduction of MSCs and ACL fibroblasts showed no negative effects on proliferation or viability of the cells nor was apoptosis caused. Therefore, the application of these cells represents a possible future therapy for a partial ligament and tendon rupture where the mechanical stability of the remaining ligament or tendon is sufficient and the healing can be improved substantially by this therapy. In general, prospective randomized clinical trials still have to prove the postulated positive effect of MSCs for the treatment of various musculoskeletal diseases, but the results obtained here are already very promising. Ideally, the treatment with MSCs is superior compared to the standard surgical procedures. Because of current safety issues the use of genetically modified cells cannot be expected to be applied clinically in the near future. In summary, the different tissue engineering approaches for novel therapies for musculoskeletal injuries and diseases invested in this thesis showed very promising results and will be further developed and tested in preclinical and clinical trials.},
  subject      = {Kreuzband},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bischofberger2012,
  author    = {Bischofberger, Simon},
  title     = {Entwicklung und biomechanische Untersuchungen eines Kreuzbandkonstrukts aus biomaterialbasiertem Kollagen I},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85648},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Das ACL ist eine der am h{\"a}ufigsten verletzten Strukturen des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers bei Sportunf{\"a}llen und die Anzahl der Rekonstruktionen wird weiterhin zunehmen. In den letzten Jahren wurden große Fortschritte in der Charakterisierung der biomechanischen Eigenschaften von Sehnen und B{\"a}ndern erzielt und neue Ans{\"a}tze auf dem Gebiet des Tissue Engineering er{\"o}ffnen neue M{\"o}glichkeiten. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein ACL-Konstrukt aus biomaterialbasiertem Kollagen I entwickelt und getestet. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen als Grundlage f{\"u}r die Herstellung eines Kreuzbandkonstruktes verwendet werden.},
  subject      = {Kreuzband},
  language  = {de}
}