@article{HanKampikGrehnetal.2013,
  author    = {Han, Hong and Kampik, Daniel and Grehn, Franz and Schlunck, G{\"u}nther},
  title     = {TGF-beta 2-Induced Invadosomes in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0070595},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130074},
  pages     = {e70595},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness due to chronic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their optic nerve axons. It is associated with disturbed regulation of intraocular pressure, elevated intraocular levels of TGF-β2, aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and increased outflow resistance in the trabecular meshwork (TM). The mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. Cell-matrix interactions have a decisive role in TM maintenance and it has been suggested that TGF-β-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteases may drive aberrant ECM deposition in POAG. Invadopodia and podosomes (invadosomes) are distinct sites of cell-matrix interaction and localized matrix-metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Here, we report on the effects of TGF-β2 on invadosomes in human trabecular meshwork cells. Human TM (HTM) cells were derived from donor tissue and pretreated with vehicle or TGF-β2 (2 ng/ml) for 3d. Invadosomes were studied in ECM degradation assays, protein expression and MMP-2 activity were assessed by western blot and zymography and ECM protein transcription was detected by RT-qPCR. HTM cells spontaneously formed podosomes and invadopodia as detected by colocalization of Grb2 or Nck1 to sites of gelatinolysis. Pretreatment with TGF-β2 enhanced invadosomal proteolysis and zymographic MMP-2 activity as well as MMP-2, TIMP-2 and PAI-1 levels in HTM cell culture supernatants. Rho-kinase inhibition by H1152 blocked the effects of TGF-β2. Concomitant transcription of fibronectin and collagens-1, -4 and -6 was increased by TGF-β2 and fibrillar fibronectin deposits were observed in areas of invadosomal ECM remodelling. In contrast to a current hypothesis, our data indicate that TGF-β2 induces an active ECM remodelling process in TM cells, characterized by concurrent increases in localized ECM digestion and ECM expression, rather than a mere buildup of material due to a lack of degradation. Invadosomal cell adhesion and signaling may thus have a role in POAG pathophysiology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WaxmanStrzalkowskaWangetal.2023,
  author    = {Waxman, Susannah and Strzalkowska, Alicja and Wang, Chao and Loewen, Ralitsa and Dang, Yalong and Loewen, Nils A.},
  title     = {Tissue-engineered anterior segment eye cultures demonstrate hallmarks of conventional organ culture},
  series = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {261},
  journal   = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00417-022-05915-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323845},
  pages     = {1359-1368},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Glaucoma is a blinding disease largely caused by dysregulation of outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM), resulting in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). We hypothesized that transplanting TM cells into a decellularized, tissue-engineered anterior segment eye culture could restore the outflow structure and function. Methods Porcine eyes were decellularized with freeze-thaw cycles and perfusion of surfactant. We seeded control scaffolds with CrFK cells transduced with lentiviral vectors to stably express eGFP and compared them to scaffolds seeded with primary TM cells as well as to normal, unaltered eyes. We tracked the repopulation behavior, performed IOP maintenance challenges, and analyzed the histology. Results Transplanted cells localized to the TM and progressively infiltrated the extracellular matrix, reaching a distribution comparable to normal, unaltered eyes. After a perfusion rate challenge to mimic a glaucomatous pressure elevation, transplanted and normal eyes reestablished a normal intraocular pressure (transplanted = 16.5 ± 0.9 mmHg, normal = 16.9 ± 0.9). However, eyes reseeded with eGFP-expressing CrFK cells could not regulate IOP, remaining high and unstable (27.0 ± 6.2 mmHg) instead. Conclusion Tissue-engineered anterior segment scaffolds can serve as readily available, scalable ocular perfusion cultures. This could reduce dependency on scarce donor globes in outflow research and may allow engineering perfusion cultures with specific geno- and phenotypes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{VermaFuehring2022,
  author    = {Verma-F{\"u}hring, Raoul},
  title     = {Die Trabekulopunktion als Pr{\"a}diktiver Test f{\"u}r den Erfolg der Ab Interno Trabekulektomie im Schweineaugenmodell},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28263},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282633},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {To investigate trabeculopuncture (TP) for predicting the outcome of ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). Ex vivo porcine anterior segments were perfused and sequentially underwent two procedures, TP and AIT. We concluded that a 10\% reduction in IOP after TP can be used to predict the success (>20\% IOP decrease) of AIT in porcine eyes. As porcine eyes share many similarities with human eyes, our findings may have implications on the validity of this test as a predictor for surgical outcomes of AITs in humans.},
  subject      = {Glaukom},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wecker2010,
  author    = {Wecker, Thomas},
  title     = {{\"U}ber den Einfluss des transformierenden Wachstumsfaktors beta 2 auf das Zytoskelett und das Proteinexpressionsmuster menschlicher Trabekelmaschenwerkszellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54595},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Das prim{\"a}re Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG) ist eine mit typischen Gesichtfeld- und Papillensch{\"a}den einhergehende Erkrankung des Auges, die in den westlichen Industrienationen zu den h{\"a}ufigsten Erblindungsursachen z{\"a}hlt. An Glaukom erkrankte Patienten weisen h{\"a}ufig erh{\"o}hte Augeninnendruckwerte und gesteigerte TGF-beta 2-Spiegel im Kammerwasser auf. Der Augeninnendruck wird im Wesentlichen durch den Abflusswiderstand des Trabekelmaschenwerks bestimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss des Wachstumsfaktors TGF-beta 2 auf das Zytoskelett von menschlichen Trabekelmaschenwerkszellen (HTM) untersucht. Hierbei konnten die bereits bekannten TGF-beta-Effekte, n{\"a}mlich verst{\"a}rkte Stressfaserbildung und Zunahme der alpha-SMA- sowie Aktin-Expression best{\"a}tigt werden. Bisher unbekannt war die Zunahme der Expression von N-Cadherin und beta-Catenin unter TGF-beta, die Ver{\"a}nderungen der Zell-Zell-Adh{\"a}sionen nach sich zieht und damit auch Einfluss auf die biomechanischen Eigenschaften des Trabekelmaschenwerks haben k{\"o}nnte. beta-Catenin ist hierbei auch unter dem Einfluss von TGF-beta nur zu einem geringen Anteil im Zellkern lokalisiert, was mit einer vermehrten Lokalisation von beta-Catenin in Zell-Zell-Verbindungen vereinbar ist. Da vermutlich unter TGF-beta-Stimulation sogar eher weniger beta-Catenin als Mediator f{\"u}r den Wnt-Signalpfad zur Verf{\"u}gung steht, k{\"o}nnte ein TGF-beta-vermittelter Wnt-Antagonismus eine Rolle in der Entstehung des POWG spielen. Es ist bekannt dass eine Hemmung des Wnt-Signalwegs den Augeninnendruck erh{\"o}ht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass an der TGF-beta 2-Signalgebung in humanen Trabekelmaschenwerkszellen außer dem klassischen Smad-Weg auch MEK/ERK und PI3K/AKT an der Signal{\"u}bertragung beteiligt sind. Hierbei sind die TGF-beta-induzierten {\"A}nderungen der Zell-Zell-Verbindungen von der Smad- und AKT-Signalgebung abh{\"a}ngig, w{\"a}hrend die Effekte von TGF-beta auf alpha-SMA {\"u}ber den MEK/ERK-Signalweg vermittelt werden. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen einige neu beobachtete TGF-beta-Effekte im Trabekelmaschenwerk, von denen insbesondere die Ver{\"a}nderungen des Zellskeletts und der Zell-Zell-Verbindungen sowie die m{\"o}glicherweise stattfindende Depletion des Wnt-Signalweges Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Entstehung des Offenwinkelglaukoms haben k{\"o}nnten.},
  subject      = {Glaukom},
  language  = {de}
}