@article{HaarmannVollmuthKollikowskietal.2023, author = {Haarmann, Axel and Vollmuth, Christoph and Kollikowski, Alexander M. and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Pham, Mirko and Stoll, Guido and Neugebauer, Hermann and Schuhmann, Michael K.}, title = {Vasoactive soluble endoglin: a novel biomarker indicative of reperfusion after cerebral large-vessel occlusion}, series = {Cells}, volume = {12}, journal = {Cells}, number = {2}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells12020288}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304995}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Now that mechanical thrombectomy has substantially improved outcomes after large-vessel occlusion stroke in up to every second patient, futile reperfusion wherein successful recanalization is not followed by a favorable outcome is moving into focus. Unfortunately, blood-based biomarkers, which identify critical stages of hemodynamically compromised yet reperfused tissue, are lacking. We recently reported that hypoxia induces the expression of endoglin, a TGF-β co-receptor, in human brain endothelium in vitro. Subsequent reoxygenation resulted in shedding. Our cell model suggests that soluble endoglin compromises the brain endothelial barrier function. To evaluate soluble endoglin as a potential biomarker of reperfusion (-injury) we analyzed its concentration in 148 blood samples of patients with acute stroke due to large-vessel occlusion. In line with our in vitro data, systemic soluble endoglin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with successful recanalization, whereas hypoxia alone did not induce local endoglin shedding, as analyzed by intra-arterial samples from hypoxic vasculature. In patients with reperfusion, higher concentrations of soluble endoglin additionally indicated larger infarct volumes at admission. In summary, we give translational evidence that the sequence of hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation triggers the release of vasoactive soluble endoglin in large-vessel occlusion stroke and can serve as a biomarker for severe ischemia with ensuing recanalization/reperfusion.}, language = {en} } @article{HaarmannZimmermannBieberetal.2022, author = {Haarmann, Axel and Zimmermann, Lena and Bieber, Michael and Silwedel, Christine and Stoll, Guido and Schuhmann, Michael K.}, title = {Regulation and release of vasoactive endoglin by brain endothelium in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation in stroke}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {13}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23137085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284361}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In large vessel occlusion stroke, recanalization to restore cerebral perfusion is essential but not necessarily sufficient for a favorable outcome. Paradoxically, in some patients, reperfusion carries the risk of increased tissue damage and cerebral hemorrhage. Experimental and clinical data suggest that endothelial cells, representing the interface for detrimental platelet and leukocyte responses, likely play a crucial role in the phenomenon referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injury, but the mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of endoglin in cerebral I/R-injury; endoglin is a membrane-bound protein abundantly expressed by endothelial cells that has previously been shown to be involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. We investigated the expression of membranous endoglin (using Western blotting and RT-PCR) and the generation of soluble endoglin (using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cell culture supernatants) after hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation in human non-immortalized brain endothelial cells. To validate these in vitro data, we additionally examined endoglin expression in an intraluminal monofilament model of permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Subsequently, the effects of recombinant human soluble endoglin were assessed by label-free impedance-based measurement of endothelial monolayer integrity (using the xCELLigence DP system) and immunocytochemistry. Endoglin expression is highly inducible by hypoxia in human brain endothelial monolayers in vitro, and subsequent reoxygenation induced its shedding. These findings were corroborated in mice during MCAO; an upregulation of endoglin was displayed in the infarcted hemispheres under occlusion, whereas endoglin expression was significantly diminished after transient MCAO, which is indicative of shedding. Of note is the finding that soluble endoglin induced an inflammatory phenotype in endothelial monolayers. The treatment of HBMEC with endoglin resulted in a decrease in transendothelial resistance and the downregulation of VE-cadherin. Our data establish a novel mechanism in which hypoxia triggers the initial endothelial upregulation of endoglin and subsequent reoxygenation triggers its release as a vasoactive mediator that, when rinsed into adjacent vascular beds after recanalization, can contribute to cerebral reperfusion injury.}, language = {en} } @article{KugerCoerekPolatetal.2014, author = {Kuger, Sebastian and C{\"o}rek, Emre and Polat, B{\"u}lent and K{\"a}mmerer, Ulrike and Flentje, Michael and Djuzenova, Cholpon S.}, title = {Novel PI3K and mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Radiosensitizes Breast Cancer Cell Lines under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions}, doi = {10.4137/BCBCR.S13693}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112708}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In the present study, we assessed, if the novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 radiosensitizes triple negative (TN) MDA-MB-231 and estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 cells to ionizing radiation under various oxygen conditions, simulating different microenvironments as occurring in the majority of breast cancers (BCs). Irradiation (IR) of BC cells cultivated in hypoxic conditions revealed increased radioresistance compared to normoxic controls. Treatment with NVP-BEZ235 completely circumvented this hypoxia-induced effects and radiosensitized normoxic, reoxygenated, and hypoxic cells to similar extents. Furthermore, NVP-BEZ235 treatment suppressed HIF-1α expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling, induced autophagy, and caused protracted DNA damage repair in both cell lines in all tested oxygen conditions. Moreover, after incubation with NVP-BEZ235, MCF-7 cells revealed depletion of phospho-AKT and considerable signs of apoptosis, which were signifi-cantly enhanced by radiation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that NVP-BEZ235 has a clinical relevant potential as a radiosensitizer in BC treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{RoesingSalvadorGuentzeletal.2020, author = {R{\"o}sing, Nils and Salvador, Ellaine and G{\"u}ntzel, Paul and Kempe, Christoph and Burek, Malgorzata and Holzgrabe, Ulrike and Soukhoroukov, Vladimir and Wunder, Christian and F{\"o}rster, Carola}, title = {Neuroprotective Effects of Isosteviol Sodium in Murine Brain Capillary Cerebellar Endothelial Cells (cerebEND) After Hypoxia}, series = {Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience}, issn = {1662-5102}, doi = {10.3389/fncel.2020.573950}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215013}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It damages neurons and other supporting cellular elements in the brain. However, the impairment is not only confined to the region of assault but the surrounding area as well. Besides, it also brings about damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to microvascular failure and edema. Hence, this necessitates an on-going, continuous search for intervention strategies and effective treatment. Of late, the natural sweetener stevioside proved to exhibit neuroprotective effects and therapeutic benefits against cerebral ischemia-induced injury. Its injectable formulation, isosteviol sodium (STVNA) also demonstrated favorable results. Nonetheless, its effects on the BBB have not yet been investigated to date. As such, this present study was designed to assess the effects of STVNA in our in vitro stroke model of the BBB.The integrity and permeability of the BBB are governed and maintained by tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as claudin-5 and occludin. Our data show increased claudin-5 and occludin expression in oxygen and glucose (OGD)-deprived murine brain capillary cerebellar endothelial cells (cerebEND) after STVNa treatment. Likewise, the upregulation of the transmembrane protein integrin-αv was also observed. Finally, cell volume was reduced with the simultaneous administration of STVNA and OGD in cerebEND cells. In neuropathologies such as stroke, the failure of cell volume control is a major feature leading to loss of cells in the penumbra as well as adverse outcomes. Our initial findings, therefore, point to the neuroprotective effects of STVNA at the BBB in vitro, which warrant further investigation for a possible future clinical intervention.}, language = {en} } @article{BachmannEhlertBeckeretal.2020, author = {Bachmann, Julia and Ehlert, Elias and Becker, Matthias and Otto, Christoph and Radeloff, Katrin and Blunk, Torsten and Bauer-Kreisel, Petra}, title = {Ischemia-like stress conditions stimulate trophic activities of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells}, series = {Cells}, volume = {9}, journal = {Cells}, number = {9}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells9091935}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211233}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to exert regenerative functions, which are mainly attributed to the secretion of trophic factors. Upon transplantation, ASCs are facing an ischemic environment characterized by oxygen and nutrient deprivation. However, current knowledge on the secretion capacity of ASCs under such conditions is limited. Thus, the present study focused on the secretory function of ASCs under glucose and oxygen deprivation as major components of ischemia. After exposure to glucose/oxygen deprivation, ASCs maintained distinct viability, but the metabolic activity was greatly reduced by glucose limitation. ASCs were able to secrete a broad panel of factors under glucose/oxygen deprivation as revealed by a cytokine antibody array. Quantification of selected factors by ELISA demonstrated that glucose deprivation in combination with hypoxia led to markedly higher secretion levels of the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors IL-6, VEGF, and stanniocalcin-1 as compared to the hypoxic condition alone. A conditioned medium of glucose/oxygen-deprived ASCs promoted the viability and tube formation of endothelial cells, and the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that ASCs are stimulated by ischemia-like stress conditions to secrete trophic factors and would be able to exert their beneficial function in an ischemic environment.}, language = {en} } @article{WohllebenScherzadGuettleretal.2015, author = {Wohlleben, Gisela and Scherzad, Agmal and G{\"u}ttler, Antje and Vordermark, Dirk and Kuger, Sebastian and Flentje, Michael and Polat, Buelent}, title = {Influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma cell lines}, series = {Radiation Oncology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Radiation Oncology}, number = {167}, doi = {10.1186/s13014-015-0473-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125746}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Tumor hypoxia is a known risk factor for reduced response to radiotherapy. The evaluation of noninvasive methods for the detection of hypoxia is therefore of interest. Osteopontin (OPN) has been discussed as an endogenous hypoxia biomarker. It is overexpressed in many cancers and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Methods To examine the influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression we used different cell lines (head and neck cancer (Cal27 and FaDu) and glioblastoma multiforme (U251 and U87)). Cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h and were then irradiated with doses of 2 and 8 Gy. Osteopontin expression was analyzed on mRNA level by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and on protein level by western blot. Cell culture supernatants were evaluated for secreted OPN by ELISA. Results Hypoxia caused an increase in osteopontin protein expression in all cell lines. In Cal27 a corresponding increase in OPN mRNA expression was observed. In contrast the other cell lines showed a reduced mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. After irradiation OPN mRNA expression raised slightly in FaDu and U87 cells while it was reduced in U251 and stable in Cal27 cells under normoxia. The combined treatment (hypoxia and irradiation) led to a slight increase of OPN mRNA after 2 Gy in U251 (24 h) and in U87 (24 and 48 h) cell lines falling back to base line after 8 Gy. This effect was not seen in Cal27 or in FaDu cells. Secreted OPN was detected only in the two glioblastoma cell lines with reduced protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Again the combined treatment resulted in a minor increase in OPN secretion 48 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy. Conclusion Osteopontin expression is strongly modulated by hypoxia and only to a minor extent by irradiation. Intracellular OPN homeostasis seems to vary considerably between cell lines. This may explain the partly conflicting results concerning response prediction and prognosis in the clinical setting.}, language = {en} } @article{TwisselmannPagelKuenstneretal.2021, author = {Twisselmann, Nele and Pagel, Julia and K{\"u}nstner, Axel and Weckmann, Markus and Hartz, Annika and Glaser, Kirsten and Hilgendorff, Anne and G{\"o}pel, Wolfgang and Busch, Hauke and Herting, Egbert and Weinberg, Jason B. and H{\"a}rtel, Christoph}, title = {Hyperoxia/Hypoxia Exposure Primes a Sustained Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Preterm Infant Macrophages Upon LPS Stimulation}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.762789}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250356}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Preterm infants are highly susceptible to sustained lung inflammation, which may be triggered by exposure to multiple environmental cues such as supplemental oxygen (O\(_2\)) and infections. We hypothesized that dysregulated macrophage (MФ) activation is a key feature leading to inflammation-mediated development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Therefore, we aimed to determine age-dependent differences in immune responses of monocyte-derived MФ comparing cord blood samples derived from preterm (n=14) and term (n=19) infants as well as peripheral blood samples from healthy adults (n=17) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Compared to term and adult MФ, LPS-stimulated preterm MФ showed an enhanced and sustained pro-inflammatory immune response determined by transcriptome analysis, cytokine release inducing a RORC upregulation due to T cell polarization of neonatal T cells, and TLR4 surface expression. In addition, a double-hit model was developed to study pulmonary relevant exposure factors by priming MФ with hyperoxia (O\(_2\) = 65\%) or hypoxia (O\(_2\) = 3\%) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100ng/ml). When primed by 65\% O\(_2\), subsequent LPS stimulation in preterm MФ led to an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response (e.g. increased HLA-DR expression and cytokine release) compared to LPS stimulation alone. Both, exposure to 65\% or 3\% O\(_2\) together with subsequent LPS stimulation, resulted in an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response of preterm MФ determined by transcriptome analysis. Downregulation of two major transcriptional factors, early growth response gene (Egr)-2 and growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1), were identified to play a role in the exaggerated pro-inflammatory response of preterm MФ to LPS insult after priming with 65\% or 3\% O\(_2\). Preterm MФ responses to LPS and hyperoxia/hypoxia suggest their involvement in excessive inflammation due to age-dependent differences, potentially mediated by downregulation of Egr2 and Gfi1 in the developing lung.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kraft2008, author = {Kraft, Peter}, title = {Einfluß des Tumormikromilieus auf die Akkumulation des Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in humanen Tumorzellen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27135}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Die Transduktionsfaktoruntereinheit HIF-1alpha ist der zentrale Sauerstoffsensor f{\"u}r S{\"a}ugerzellen aller Art. Er ist in der Lage durch Steuerung der Transkription entsprechender Gene auf die Zellproliferation, verschiedene Transportvorg{\"a}nge, die Angiogenese, die Glykolyse und andere Vorg{\"a}nge Einfluß zu nehmen. Zahlreiche Studien belegen den Zusammenhang zwischen HIF-1alpha-{\"U}berexpression in soliden Tumoren und Verk{\"u}rzung der {\"U}berlebens- bzw. der rezidivfreien Zeit. Schon lange ist die Assoziation von Tumorhypoxie mit der Verschlechterung der Prognose der Erkrankung bekannt. Die Trennung der hypoxischen Srahlenresistenz von der pro-proliferativen und pro-metastatischen Potenz von HIF-1alpha als Ursache der Prognoseverschlechterung von tumorkranken Patienten ist derzeit nicht m{\"o}glich. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt anhand zweier etablierter humaner Tumorzellinien, daß Faktoren des Tumormikromilieus in der Lage sein k{\"o}nnen, die HIF-1alpha-Expression zu modulieren. Hypoxie war stets eine Grundvoraussetzung f{\"u}r die Messung erh{\"o}hter HIF-1alpha-Spiegel. Jedoch waren ann{\"a}hernd normale Glukosespiegel des Tumormikromilieus f{\"u}r eine nennenswerte HIF-1alpha-{\"U}berexpression erforderlich. Dies k{\"o}nnte erkl{\"a}ren, warum immunhistochemische Schnitte von HIF-1alpha und von exogenen Hypoxiemarkern bez{\"u}glich der angef{\"a}rbten Areale differieren. Sowohl die mangelnde Spezifit{\"a}t der HIF-1alpha-Expression f{\"u}r Hypoxie, als auch die f{\"u}r klinische Routinearbeiten ung{\"u}nstige Kinetik des endogenen Hypoxiemarkers HIF-1alpha, lassen an seiner praktischen Einf{\"u}hrung in der Klinik zweifeln. Da noch kein endogener Hypoxiemarker gefunden werden konnte, der spezifisch bei Hypoxie akkumulieren w{\"u}rde, und dar{\"u}ber hinaus alle bekannten endogenen Hypoxiemarker bei Sauerstoffmangel unterschiedlich reagieren, scheint es derzeit am sinnvollsten zu sein, neben der Kombination von verschiedenen Markern außerdem andere Faktoren, wie die Vaskularisierungsdichte zu bestimmen. Die Tatsache, daß nicht alle hypoxischen Zellen HIF-1alpha exprimieren, und die, daß aufgrund der nicht-hypoxischen Aktivierung von HIF-1alpha unter Umst{\"a}nden auch nicht hypoxische Zellen gesteigerte HIF-1alpha-Spiegel aufweisen, k{\"o}nnte ein therapeutisches Eingreifen auf Ebene von HIF-1alpha - als vermeintlich tumorspezifische Therapieform - in Frage stellen. Die Ergebnisse zahlreicher Studien zeigen deutlich, daß HIF-1alpha weder hypoxiespezifisch noch tumorspezifisch in der Zelle akkumuliert. Die Zukunft wird zeigen, ob es eine neue Substanzklasse der „HIF-1-Inhibitoren" geben wird. Derzeit laufen mehrere klinische Studien zur Evaluierung denkbarer Substanzen.}, subject = {Hypoxie}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtAbinzanoMensingaetal.2020, author = {Schmidt, Stefanie and Abinzano, Florencia and Mensinga, Anneloes and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Malda, Jos and Levato, Riccardo and Blunk, Torsten}, title = {Differential production of cartilage ECM in 3D agarose constructs by equine articular cartilage progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {21}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {19}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms21197071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236180}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Identification of articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) has opened up new opportunities for cartilage repair. These cells may be used as alternatives for or in combination with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cartilage engineering. However, their potential needs to be further investigated, since only a few studies have compared ACPCs and MSCs when cultured in hydrogels. Therefore, in this study, we compared chondrogenic differentiation of equine ACPCs and MSCs in agarose constructs as monocultures and as zonally layered co-cultures under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. ACPCs and MSCs exhibited distinctly differential production of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM). For ACPC constructs, markedly higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents were determined by histological and quantitative biochemical evaluation, both in normoxia and hypoxia. Differential GAG production was also reflected in layered co-culture constructs. For both cell types, similar staining for type II collagen was detected. However, distinctly weaker staining for undesired type I collagen was observed in the ACPC constructs. For ACPCs, only very low alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker of terminal differentiation, was determined, in stark contrast to what was found for MSCs. This study underscores the potential of ACPCs as a promising cell source for cartilage engineering.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koestlin2006, author = {K{\"o}stlin, Sebastian Michael Cosmann}, title = {Die Sekretion angiogenetischer Zytokine durch menschliche Melanomzellen unter Hypoxie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-21305}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Das maligne Melanom ist ein Tumor der Hautpigmentzellen mit weltweit steigender Inzidenz. Aufgrund seiner fr{\"u}hzeitigen lymphogenen und h{\"a}matogenen Metastasierung z{\"a}hlt das maligne Melanom zu den prognostisch sehr ung{\"u}nstigen Tumorerkrankungen. Nach erfolgter Metastasierung werden mit den derzeitig etablierten Therapieschemata noch keine ausreichenden Prognoseverbesserungen erzielt. Einen m{\"o}glichen neuen Therapieansatz stellt die Blockade der Tumorangiogenese dar. Besondere Bedeutung wird dabei der zyto- bzw. chemokinvermittelten Angiogenese zugemessen. In den letzten Jahren zeigten verschiedene diesbez{\"u}gliche Studien richtungsweisende und erfolgversprechende Ergebnisse. Trotzdem besteht weiterhin hoher Bedarf an Verbesserung des Verst{\"a}ndnisses der zugrundeliegenden Regulationsmechanismen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, die Sekretion acht angiogenetisch wirksamer Zyto- und Chemokine in vitro durch hoch- und niedrigmaligne Melanomzellen unter normalen Kulturbedingungen sowie unter Hypoxie, Serum- und Glukosemangel zu erfassen. Diese Stressbedingungen dienten als vereinfachtes in vitro-Modell der Mangelbedingungen, die in schnell wachsenden bzw. Nekrosezonen angrenzenden Tumorarealen vorherrschen. Mittels ELISA wurden die abgegeben Mengen der Zytokine VEGF, b-FGF, Angiogenin, PDGF und TGF-ß sowie der Chemokine IL-8, Gro-\&\#945; und GM-CSF in den Zell{\"u}berst{\"a}nden bestimmt. Dabei zeigten die verschiedenen Melanomzelllinien f{\"u}r alle getesteten Zyto- bzw. Chemokine außer GM-CSF charakteristische Sekretionsverhalten unter bestimmten Kulturbedingungen. Insbesondere unter Hypoxie und nach Reoxigenierung ließen sich signifikante Ver{\"a}nderungen im Sekretionsverhalten der verschiedenen Melanomzelllinien feststellen. Eine signifikante Steigerung in der Freisetzung der Zyto- bzw. Chemokine durch Melanomzellen unter Hypoxie ließ sich nur f{\"u}r VEGF, b-FGF, Angiogenin und IL-8 feststellen. Zudem unterschieden sich hochmaligne Melanomzelllinien signifikant von niedrigmalignen Zelllinien in ihrer Sekretion von VEGF, Angiogenin, PDGF, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945; unter normalen Kulturbedingungen und unter Hypoxie (Angiogenin, PDGF, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945;). In weiterf{\"u}hrenden Experimenten wurde das Sekretionsverhalten von normalen Melanozyten, Endothelzellen und Fibroblasten untersucht. Dabei wiesen differenzierte Melanozyten im Vergleich zu den Melanomzellen signifikante Unterschiede in den abgegebenen Zyto-/ Chemokinmengen f{\"u}r VEGF, Angiogenin, PDGF, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945; unter normalen bzw. hypoxischen Kulturbedingungen auf. Differenzierte Melanozyten unterschieden sich also von Melanomzellen in ihrer Sekretion bei den selben Zyto- bzw. Chemokinen wie niedrigmaligne von hochmalignen Melanomzelllinien (VEGF, Angiogenin, PDGF, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945;). Im Sekretionsverhalten f{\"u}r VEGF, Angiogenin, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945; {\"a}hnelten Fibroblasten und Endothelzellen (bzgl. VEGF nur HMEC-1) den Melanomzellen. Der Einfluss dieser vier Zyto- und Chemokine und b-FGF auf das in-vitro-Wachstumsverhalten von Endothelzellen wurde mit einem BrD-U-Proliferationsassay untersucht. Sowohl mikrovaskul{\"a}re (HMEC-1) als auch makrovaskul{\"a}re (HUVEC) Endothelzellen steigerten ihre Proliferation unter dem Einfluss von VEGF, b-FGF, Angiogenin, IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945; signifikant. HMEC-1 reagierten dabei mit einem tendenziell st{\"a}rkeren Ansprechen auf die Stimulation als HUVEC. In weiteren Versuchen zeigten HUVEC eine erh{\"o}hte Sensibilit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Zytokine (insbesondere f{\"u}r b-FGF) unter Serummangelbedingungen, nicht jedoch f{\"u}r Chemokine (IL-8 und Gro-\&\#945;). Am deutlichsten fiel die Proliferationssteigerung unter dem Einfluss der einzelnen Zyto- und Chemokine aus, wenn HUVEC in nonadh{\"a}rentem Zustand stimuliert wurden. Mit den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit konnte erstmalig bzw. zeitgleich mit anderen Publikationen gezeigt werden, dass Melanomzellen unter Hypoxie nicht nur VEGF, sondern auch Angiogenin und IL-8 deutlich vermehrt sezernieren, dass diese Sekretionssteigerung nach Reoxigenierung weiter anh{\"a}lt und Melanomzellen signifikant von differenzierten Melanozyten unterscheidet. Jedes dieser Zyto- und Chemokine stimulierte die Endothelzellproliferation in vitro. Dabei erh{\"o}hten Serummangel und vor allem initial fehlende Zell-Zellkontakte die Zyto- bzw. Chemokinwirkung. Im Gegensatz zu dem bisher intensiver untersuchten VEGF sezernierten hochmaligne Melanomzellen unter Hypoxie signifikant mehr Angiogenin und IL-8 als niedrigmaligne Melanomzellen. Nur f{\"u}r Angiogenin zeigte sich dar{\"u}ber hinaus eine gegens{\"a}tzliche Sekretionsregulation unter Hypoxie aller Melanomzellen im Vergleich zu normalen Melanozyten. Dies k{\"o}nnte f{\"u}r IL-8 und im Besonderen f{\"u}r Angiogenin auf eine m{\"o}gliche Schl{\"u}sselfunktion in der Melanom-induzierten Angiogenese hindeuten. Inwieweit R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf die in vivo-Verh{\"a}ltnisse und eine klinische Relevanz zul{\"a}ssig sind, werden weitere Untersuchungen und ggf. Therapiestudien zeigen m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} }