@article{RinnKrishnaDeutsch2023,
  author    = {Rinn, Robin and Krishna, Anand and Deutsch, Roland},
  title     = {The psychology of income wealth threshold estimations: A registered report},
  series = {British Journal of Social Psychology},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {British Journal of Social Psychology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjso.12581},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311847},
  pages     = {630 -- 650},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {How do people estimate the income that is needed to be rich? Two correlative survey studies (Study 1 and 2, N = 568) and one registered experimental study (Study 3, N = 500) examined the cognitive mechanisms that are used to derive an answer to this question. We tested whether individuals use their personal income (PI) as a self-generated anchor to derive an estimate of the income needed to be rich (= income wealth threshold estimation, IWTE). On a bivariate level, we found the expected positive relationship between one's PI and IWTE and, in line with previous findings, we found that people do not consider themselves rich. Furthermore, we predicted that individuals additionally use information about their social status within their social circles to make an IWTE. The findings from study 2 support this notion and show that only self-reported high-income individuals show different IWTEs depending on relative social status: Individuals in this group who self-reported a high status produced higher IWTEs than individuals who self-reported low status. The registered experimental study could not replicate this pattern robustly, although the results trended non-significantly in the same direction. Together, the findings revealed that the income of individuals as well as the social environment are used as sources of information to make IWTE judgements, although they are likely not the only important predictors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RinnLudwigFassleretal.2023,
  author    = {Rinn, Robin and Ludwig, Jonas and Fassler, Pauline and Deutsch, Roland},
  title     = {Cues of wealth and the subjective perception of rich people},
  series = {Current Psychology},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Current Psychology},
  number    = {31},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12144-022-03763-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324922},
  pages     = {27442-27457},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {These pre-registered studies shed light on the cues that individuals use to identify rich people. In two studies (N = 598), we first developed a factor-analytical model that describes the content and the mental structure of 24 wealth cues. A third within-subject study (N = 89) then assessed the perception of rich subgroups based on this model of wealth cues. Participants evaluated the extent to which the wealth cues applied to two distinct subgroups of rich people. The results show: German and US-American participants think that one can identify rich people based on the same set of cues which can be grouped along the following dimensions: luxury consumption, expensive hobbies, spontaneous spending, greedy behavior, charismatic behavior, self-presentation, and specific possessions. However, Germans and US-Americans relied on these cues to different degrees to diagnose wealth in others. Moreover, we found evidence for subgroup-specific wealth cue profiles insofar as target individuals who acquired their wealth via internal (e.g., hard work) compared to external means (e.g., lottery winners) were evaluated differently on these wealth cues, presumably because of their perceived differences in valence and competence. Together, this research provides new insights in the cognitive representation of the latent construct of wealth. Practical implications for research on the perception of affluence, and implications for political decision makers, are discussed in the last section.},
  language  = {en}
}