@article{EisenreichRudelHeesemannetal.2021,
  author    = {Eisenreich, Wolfgang and Rudel, Thomas and Heesemann, J{\"u}rgen and Goebel, Werner},
  title     = {Persistence of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens—With a Focus on the Metabolic Perspective},
  series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  issn      = {2235-2988},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcimb.2020.615450},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222348},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Persistence has evolved as a potent survival strategy to overcome adverse environmental conditions. This capability is common to almost all bacteria, including all human bacterial pathogens and likely connected to chronic infections caused by some of these pathogens. Although the majority of a bacterial cell population will be killed by the particular stressors, like antibiotics, oxygen and nitrogen radicals, nutrient starvation and others, a varying subpopulation (termed persisters) will withstand the stress situation and will be able to revive once the stress is removed. Several factors and pathways have been identified in the past that apparently favor the formation of persistence, such as various toxin/antitoxin modules or stringent response together with the alarmone (p)ppGpp. However, persistence can occur stochastically in few cells even of stress-free bacterial populations. Growth of these cells could then be induced by the stress conditions. In this review, we focus on the persister formation of human intracellular bacterial pathogens, some of which belong to the most successful persister producers but lack some or even all of the assumed persistence-triggering factors and pathways. We propose a mechanism for the persister formation of these bacterial pathogens which is based on their specific intracellular bipartite metabolism. We postulate that this mode of metabolism ultimately leads, under certain starvation conditions, to the stalling of DNA replication initiation which may be causative for the persister state.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HetzerOrthHoellerWuerzneretal.2019,
  author    = {Hetzer, Benjamin and Orth-H{\"o}ller, Dorothea and W{\"u}rzner, Reinhard and Kreidl, Peter and Lackner, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Thomas and Knabl, Ludwig and Geisler-Moroder, Daniel Rudolf and Mellmann, Alexander and Sesli, {\"O}zcan and Holzknecht, Jeanett and Noce, Damia and Akarathum, Noppadon and Chotinaruemol, Somporn and Prelog, Martina and Oberdorfer, Peninnah},
  title     = {"Enhanced acquisition of antibiotic-resistant intestinal E. coli during the first year of life assessed in a prospective cohort study"},
  series = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13756-019-0522-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320284},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem worldwide. We sought to record the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in healthy infants in Northern Thailand and investigated potential determinants. Methods Stool samples from 142 infants after birth, at ages 2wk, 2mo, 4 to 6mo, and 1y, and parent stool samples were screened for E. coli resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and cefazoline by culture, and isolates were further investigated for multiresistance by disc diffusion method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to identify persistent and transmitted strains. Genetic comparison of resistant and transmitted strains was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and strains were further investigated for extra- and intra-intestinal virulence factors by multiplex PCR. Results Forty-seven (33\%) neonatal meconium samples contained resistant E. coli. Prevalence increased continuously: After 1y, resistance proportion (tetracycline 80\%, ampicillin 72\%, co-trimoxazole 66\%, cefazoline 35\%) almost matched those in parents. In 8 infants (6\%), identical E. coli strains were found in at least 3 sampling time points (suggesting persistence). Transmission of resistant E. coli from parents to child was observed in only 8 families. MLST showed high diversity. We could not identify any virulence genes or factors associated with persistence, or transmission of resistant E. coli. Full-term, vaginal birth and birth in rural hospital were identified as risk factors for early childhood colonization with resistant E. coli. Conclusion One third of healthy Thai neonates harboured antibiotic-resistant E. coli in meconium. The proportion of resistant E. coli increased during the first year of life almost reaching the value in adults. We hypothesize that enhancement of infection control measures and cautious use of antibiotics may help to control further increase of resistance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SassVanAckerFoerstneretal.2015,
  author    = {Sass, Andrea M. and Van Acker, Heleen and F{\"o}rstner, Konrad U. and Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip and Deforce, Dieter and Vogel, J{\"o}rg and Coenye, Tom},
  title     = {Genome-wide transcription start site profiling in biofilm-grown Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315},
  series = {BMC Genomics},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {BMC Genomics},
  number    = {775},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12864-015-1993-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139748},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: Burkholderia cenocepacia is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative Betaproteobacterium with an important role as opportunistic pathogen in humans. Infections with B. cenocepacia are very difficult to treat due to their high intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics. Biofilm formation further adds to their antibiotic resistance. B. cenocepacia harbours a large, multi-replicon genome with a high GC-content, the reference genome of strain J2315 includes 7374 annotated genes. This study aims to annotate transcription start sites and identify novel transcripts on a whole genome scale. Methods: RNA extracted from B. cenocepacia J2315 biofilms was analysed by differential RNA-sequencing and the resulting dataset compared to data derived from conventional, global RNA-sequencing. Transcription start sites were annotated and further analysed according to their position relative to annotated genes. Results: Four thousand ten transcription start sites were mapped over the whole B. cenocepacia genome and the primary transcription start site of 2089 genes expressed in B. cenocepacia biofilms were defined. For 64 genes a start codon alternative to the annotated one was proposed. Substantial antisense transcription for 105 genes and two novel protein coding sequences were identified. The distribution of internal transcription start sites can be used to identify genomic islands in B. cenocepacia. A potassium pump strongly induced only under biofilm conditions was found and 15 non-coding small RNAs highly expressed in biofilms were discovered. Conclusions: Mapping transcription start sites across the B. cenocepacia genome added relevant information to the J2315 annotation. Genes and novel regulatory RNAs putatively involved in B. cenocepacia biofilm formation were identified. These findings will help in understanding regulation of B. cenocepacia biofilm formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LjunggrenBarrettStoykovetal.2013,
  author    = {Ljunggren, Osten and Barrett, Annabel and Stoykov, Ivaylo and Langdahl, Bente L. and Lems, Willem F. and Walsh, J. Bernard and Fahrleitner-Pammer, Astrid and Rajzbaum, Gerald and Jakob, Franz and Karras, Dimitrios and Marin, Fernando},
  title     = {Effective osteoporosis treatment with teriparatide is associated with enhanced quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: the European Forsteo Observational Study},
  series = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  number    = {251},
  issn      = {1471-2474},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2474-14-251},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122057},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: To describe changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide for up to 18 months and followed-up for a further 18 months, and to assess the influence of recent prior and incident fractures. Methods: The European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) is an observational, prospective, multinational study measuring HRQoL using the EQ-5D. The primary objective was to assess changes in HRQoL during 36 months in the whole study population. A secondary post-hoc analysis examined fracture impact on HRQoL in four subgroups classified based on recent prior fracture 12 months before baseline and incident clinical fractures during the study. Changes from baseline were analysed using a repeated measures model. Results: Of the 1581 patients, 48.4\% had a recent prior fracture and 15.6\% of these patients had an incident fracture during follow-up. 10.9\% of the 816 patients with no recent prior fracture had an incident fracture. Baseline mean EQ-VAS scores were similar across the subgroups. In the total study cohort (n = 1581), HRQoL (EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores) improved significantly from baseline to 18 months and this improvement was maintained over the 18-month post-teriparatide period. Improvements were seen across all five EQ-5D domains during teriparatide treatment that were maintained after teriparatide was discontinued. Subjects with incident clinical fractures had significantly less improvement in EQ-VAS than those without incident fractures. Recent prior fracture did not influence the change in EQ-VAS during treatment. Conclusions: EFOS is the first longitudinal study in women with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis in the real world setting to show a substantial improvement in HRQoL during teriparatide treatment that was sustained during subsequent treatment with other medications. The increase in HRQoL was lower in the subgroups with incident fracture but was not influenced by recent prior fracture. The results should be interpreted in the context of the design of an observational study.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Staab2006,
  author    = {Staab, Charlotte},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}diktoren der Persistenz des ADHS},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-22424},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Studie hatte das Ziel pr{\"a}diktive Faktoren einer Persistenz von ADHS in das Erwachsenenalter ausfindig zu machen und den Einfluss von kindbezogenen, famili{\"a}ren und behandlungsbezogenen Eigenschaften auf den Verlauf und das Fortbestehen der ADHS-Symptomatik zu untersuchen. Das Untersuchungsgut bestand aus Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg. Das Gesamtkollektiv bestand aus 146 Patienten, deren Akten wir auswerteten. 67 Patienten (46\%) konnten wir mittels WURS, DSM-IV-Kriterien, Anamnesebogen, SKID-I und SKID-II im Erwachsenenalter nachexplorieren. Der Katamnesezeitraum betrug ein Jahr, vom 04.11.2002 bis zum 03.11.2003. Die ehemaligen Patienten waren zum Katamnesezeitpunkt durchschnittlich 28 Jahre alt. Bei der Suche nach pr{\"a}diktiven Faktoren f{\"u}r eine Persistenz der ADHS-Symptomatik in das Erwachsenenalter konnten wir trotz der Studien, welche die Wichtigkeit ung{\"u}nstiger psychosozialer Faktoren f{\"u}r den Verlauf des ADHS belegen (Biederman et al 1996, Hart et al 1995, 1991c, Fischer et al 1993, Taylor et al 1991, Weiss und Hechtman 1986, Gittelman et al 1985, Hechtman et al 1984, Loney et al 1981), keine Pr{\"a}diktoren einer Persistenz der ADHS-Symptomatik finden. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen sich dahingehend erkl{\"a}ren, dass es sich beim ADHS um eine prim{\"a}r genetisch determinierte St{\"o}rung handelt, welche in ihrem Verlauf von verschiedensten intervenierenden Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Es handelt sich um ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von zu Grunde liegenden biologischen Faktoren mit verschiedenen Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen, ein Zusammenspiel von Individuum mit seiner Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und eigenen Coping-Strategien, sowie der Art des Umfeldes und deren Reaktion auf das Verhalten des Betroffenen. Daher besteht keine M{\"o}glichkeit den Verlauf von ADHS anhand von Eigenschaften, welche zu einem einzigen Zeitpunkt (bei Erstvorstellung) erfasst wurden vorherzusagen. In unserer Stichprobe wurde eine Achse-I-Diagnose bei der H{\"a}lfte der mit dem SKID-I-Interview nachuntersuchten Probanden gestellt. Entsprechend unserer Annahme, dass Erwachsene mit vielen Symptomen des ADHS einen ung{\"u}nstigeren Verlauf mit mehr Achse-I-St{\"o}rungen nehmen, fanden sich diese St{\"o}rungen zu etwa zwei Dritteln bei den Erwachsenen mit mehr als 6 fortbestehenden Symptomen des ADHS, w{\"a}hrend kein Erwachsener ohne Symptome des ADHS eine Achse-I-Diagnose hatte. Bei 61\% (n=36) der mit dem SKID-II-Interview nachexplorierten Patienten wurde die Diagnose einer Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rung gestellt. Am h{\"a}ufigsten fanden sich die Diagnosen einer dissozialen (21\%), einer selbstunsicher-vermeidenden (21\%), einer negativistischen (18\%), einer narzisstischen (14\%) und einer emotional-instabilen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rung (9\%). Bemerkenswert ist, dass sich keiner der Erwachsenen unserer Studie aktuell in psychiatrischer Behandlung befand. Dies steht im Kontrast zu der meist fortbestehenden Restsymptomatik des ADHS und der hohen Rate komorbider Achse-I- und Achse-II-St{\"o}rungen, welche mit psychosozialen Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen einhergehen. Eine kontinuierliche, {\"u}ber das Kindesalter hinausreichende Betreuung von Patienten mit ADHS, sowie eine ausf{\"u}hrliche Aufkl{\"a}rung k{\"o}nnten einem solchen ung{\"u}nstigen Verlauf entgegenwirken. Eine ad{\"a}quate Behandlung Erwachsener mit ADHS ist nur m{\"o}glich, wenn Komorbidit{\"a}ten ber{\"u}cksichtigt und gleichzeitig mitbehandelt werden. Weitere epidemiologische und neurobiologische Studien mit einem gr{\"o}ßeren Kollektiv sind notwendig zum Auffinden von Einflussfaktoren auf den Verlauf des ADHS und zur Kl{\"a}rung der Komorbidit{\"a}tsbeziehungen des ADHS.},
  language  = {de}
}