@phdthesis{Hinderer2021,
  author    = {Hinderer, Sandra},
  title     = {Charakterisierung der Freisetzung verschiedener Antibiotika aus resorbierbaren anorganischen Knochenersatzmaterialien sowie die Untersuchung des Einflusses auf materialcharakteristische Eigenschaften},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23083},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230836},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Synthetische anorganische Knochenersatzmaterialien auf Calcium-Phosphat- und Magnesium-Phosphat-Basis wurden in der hier vorliegenden Dissertation mit verschiedenen handels{\"u}blichen Antibiotika versetzt und deren Freisetzungsverhalten charakterisiert. Zudem wurde der Einfluss des Antibiotikazusatzes auf bestimmte materialcharakteristische Eigenschaften untersucht, hierbei fanden die Quecksilberporosimetrie, die R{\"o}ntgendiffraktometrie und die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie ihre Anwendung. Insbesondere f{\"u}r die Knochenersatzmaterialien auf Calcium-Phosphat-Basis sollte eine klinisch praktikable und demnach m{\"o}glichst einfache Methode etabliert werden, um die Kombination mit einem Antibiotikum durchzuf{\"u}hren. Die Detektion der Antibiotika erfolgte mit Hilfe eines UV/VIS-Spektrophotometers. Zudem wurde f{\"u}r einige ausgew{\"a}hlte Kombinationen aus Antibiotikum und Knochenersatzmaterial durch einen Agardiffusionstest die antibakterielle Wirkung nach der Freisetzung aus dem jeweiligen Tr{\"a}germaterial best{\"a}tigt.},
  subject      = {Wirkstofffreisetzung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Lundt2019,
  author    = {Lundt, Nils},
  title     = {Strong light-matter coupling with 2D materials},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18733},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187335},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {This publication is dedicated to investigate strong light-matter coupling with excitons in 2D materials. This work starts with an introduction to the fundamentals of excitons in 2D materials, microcavities and strong coupling in chapter 2. The experimental methods used in this work are explained in detail in chapter 3. Chapter 4 covers basic investigations that help to select appropriate materials and cavities for the following experiments. In chapter 5, results on the formation of exciton-polaritons in various materials and cavity designs are presented. Chapter 6 covers studies on the spin-valley properties of exciton-polaritons including effects such as valley polarization, valley coherence and valley-dependent polariton propagation. Finally, the formation of hybrid-polaritons and their condensation are presented in chapter 7.},
  subject      = {Exziton-Polariton},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schaefer2018,
  author    = {Sch{\"a}fer, Julian},
  title     = {Synthesis and Photophysical Investigation of Donor-Acceptor-Substituted meta- and para-Benzene Derivatives},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155007},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die erfolgreiche Synthese einer Serie von bisTriarylamin (bisTAA) Verbindungen vorgestellt. Zum einen wurde das Substitutionmuster an der Benzol Br{\"u}ckeneinheit in Form einer meta- bzw. para-St{\"a}ndigkeit der Redoxzentren (pX bzw. mX), und zum anderen die energetische Lage der Br{\"u}ckeneinheit durch zwei elektronen-schiebende oder ziehende Substituenten X (mit X = OMe, Me, Cl, CN, NO2) in 2,5-Position variiert. Im Falle der meta-Serie wurden auch einige in 4,6-Position substituierte Verbinungen hergestellt (mX46). Die neutral Verbindungen wurden bez{\"u}glich ihrer elektrochemischen und photophysikalischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Durch Oxidation konnten die gemischt valenten (MV), kationischen bisTAA-Verbindungen erzeugt werden. Der thermisch induzierte Lochtransfer (HT) wurde durch temperatur-abh{\"a}ngige ESR-Spektroskopie untersucht. W{\"a}hrend die HT-Rate k und HT-Barriere ΔG in mX unbeeinflusst von den Substituenten X sind, steigen gleichzeitig k und ΔG in der pX-Serie mit zunehmenden Elektonenschub von X an. Diese zun{\"a}chst widerspr{\"u}chliche Beobachtung konnte durch einen ansteigenden Einfluss von L{\"o}sungsmitteleffekten und dadurch resultierend, einer zus{\"a}tzlichen effektiven Barriere erkl{\"a}rt werden. Der optisch induzierte Lochtransfer wurde mittels UV/Vis/NIR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Die pX-Serie zeigte eine Zuhname der elektronischen Kopplung V und dementsprechende eine Abnahme von ΔG, mit Anstieg des elektonenschiebenden Charakters von X. F{\"u}r mX war eine spektroskopische Bestimmung dieser Parameter nicht m{\"o}glich. Die mX46-Serie zeigte ein intermedi{\"a}res Verhalten, wobei MV-Verbindungen mit stark elektronenschiebenden X eine {\"a}hnliche hohe Kopplungen wie pX aufwiesen, was mit Hilfe von DFT-Rechnungen bez{\"u}glich der Molek{\"u}lorbitale erkl{\"a}rt werden konnte. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die Synthese einer Serie von Verbindungen mit Triarylamin (TAA) als Donor und Naphthalindiimid (NDI) als Akzeptor vorgestellt. Auch hier wurde zum einen das Substitutionmuster an der Benzol-Br{\"u}ckeneinheit in Form einer meta- bzw. para-St{\"a}ndigkeit der Redoxzentren (pXNDI bzw. mXNDI) variieiet und die energetische Lage der durch X (mit X = OMe, Me, Cl, CN, NO2) in 2,5-Position variiert. Außerdem wurde die in 4,6-Position substituierte Verbinungen mOMe46NDI hergestellt. Alle Verbindungen wurden bez{\"u}glich ihrer elektochemischen und photophysikalischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Die Elektronentransferprozesse der Ladungsseparierung (CS) und Ladungsrekombination (CR) dieser Verbindungen sollten mittels transienter Absorptionsspektroskopie (TA) in Toluol untersucht werden. F{\"u}r die Nitroverbindungen p-/mNO2NDI war dies nicht m{\"o}glich, da sich diese unter Bestrahung zersetzten. Die CR von pXNDI waren nicht im ns-Bereich detektierbar, weshalb sich auf die mXNDI-Serie (mit X = OMe-CN) konzentriert wurde. Die CS wurde mittels fs-TA untersucht. Nach optischer Anregung konnte die Bildung eines CS-Zustandes detektiert werden, dessen Bildungsgeschwindigkeit hin zu elektronen-ziehenden Substituenten X steigt. Die CR wurde mit ns-TA untersucht. Sie findet in der Marcus invertierten Region statt und zeichnet sich wird durch ein biexponentialles Abklingverhaten, was durch ein Singulet-Triplett Gleichgewicht im CS-Zustand zustande kommt, aus. Durch Anlegen eines externen Magnetfeldes ließ sich das Abklingverhalten entscheidend ver{\"a}ndern und es konnte eine Singulett-Triplett Aufspaltung nachgewiesen werden. Dieser Befund konnte weiterhin durch Simulation der Abklingkurven best{\"a}tigt werden. In beiden Teilen dieser Arbeit konnte ein entscheidender Einfluss der Benzolbr{\"u}cke auf die auftretenden Ladungstransferprozesse gezeigt werden. F{\"u}r den HT in Grundzustand der MV bisTAA Verbindungen, sowie der ET im angeregten Zustand der Donor-Akzeptor-Verbindungen, wurden die h{\"o}chsten ET-Raten f{\"u}r die para-Serien pX und pXNDI gefunden, w{\"a}hrend die meta-Serien mX und mXNDI deutlch kleine Transferraten aufwiesen. In beiden Studien zeigten die meta46-Verbindungen mX46 und mOMeNDI46 ein intermedi{\"a}res Verhalten, zwischen denen der para- und meta-Verbindungen.},
  subject      = {Synthese},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Voelker2014,
  author    = {V{\"o}lker, Sebastian},
  title     = {Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties of Squaraine Polymers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101638},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In this work the synthesis, the spectroscopic and electrochemical investigation as well as some applications of a broad diversity of indolenine squaraine dyes were presented. This diversity was based on two parent squaraine dyes, one standard trans-configured compound (M1) and one in which one central oxygen atom was replaced by a dicyanomethylene moiety (M2), which increased the acceptor strength and induced a cis-configuration. The variety of synthesised dyes included functionalised squaraine monomers, donor- and acceptor-substituted monomeric model squaraines, donor- and acceptor-squaraine copolymers, pure squaraine homopolymers, a squaraine-squaraine copolymer, as well as some conjugated cyclic oligomers. In order to be able to synthesise all these different kinds of dyes, several bromine and boronic ester derivatives were synthesised, which enabled the use of the Suzuki cross coupling reaction, to generate model dyes and copolymers. In addition, the bromine derivatives were used to carry out the Yamamoto homocoupling reaction to the respective homopolymers and macrocycles. The absorption maximum of unsubstituted reference dye M1 was found at ~ 15500 cm-1, while that of M2 was red-shifted to ~ 14300 cm-1 due to the increased acceptor strength of the central unit. The extinction coefficients were in the order of ~ 300000 M-1 cm-1 and ~ 200000 M-1 cm-1, respectively. It was found that the implementation of functional groups (M3-M9), additional electron donors (M10-M19) or acceptors (M20-M22) at the periphery lead to bathochromic shifts of the absorption depending on the strength of either - and/or -donating properties of the substituents. For the bis- and triarylamine substituted dyes M10-M13 and the dibrominated dyes M5 and M7 the electronic structure of the mono- and diradical (di)cations was explored using the interplay of cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations. It was demonstrated that the monoradical cations still show a cyanine-like character and are delocalised Robin-Day class III species due to the low redox potential of the squaraine bridge between the additional amine redox centres. To the best of my knowledge, this made M13+∙, with an N-N-distance of 26 bonds between the additional redox centres to the longest bis(triarylamine) radical cation that is completely delocalised. For the diradical dications, the situation was of larger complexity. The computed most stable energetic state of the dianisylamine-substituted dyes turned out to be a broken-symmetry state with almost equal contributions of an open-shell singlet and triplet state. In addition, it was shown that the HOMO-1→HOMO transition dominated the absorption spectra of the diradical dications where the trans-/cis-configuration of the squaraines had a direct impact due to symmetry reasons. Based on the donor-squaraine model compounds M10-M19, a series of donor-squaraine copolymers was synthesised (P7-P12) in order to further red shift and broaden the low energy absorption band. However, these effects were only of marginal extent. Both the optical and the electrochemical derived band gaps were barely lowered compared to the respective monomeric model dyes. This was assigned to an increased squaraine-squaraine distance and resulting lower exciton coupling between the squaraine chromophores due to the bridging units. In addition, according to semiempirical calculations the bridges were twisted out of the squaraine plane what reduced conjugational effects between the chromophores. To sum up, the idea to insert additional electron rich bridging units in order to create copolymers with broad and red-shifted absorption did not fully work out for the presented systems. The addition of strong electron accepting NDI units at the periphery resulted in M21, the most unique monomeric model squaraine in this work. The common picture of a sharp low energy squaraine absorption completely altered due to the addition of the NDIs and a rather broad and solvent dependent low energy absorption was found. Spectroelectrochemical experiments and semiempirical calculations showed that this band is a superposition of the common squaraine HOMO→LUMO transition and a partial squaraine→NDI charge transfer transition. The latter was lost upon oxidation of the squaraine and the absorption spectrum of the monocation of M21 was found to be nearly a 1:1 image of a pure squaraine monocation. Both the monomeric model M21 and the respective copolymer P13 showed low electrochemically obtained band gaps of 1.05-1.20 eV, which were the lowest of all squaraines in this work. For both dyes, transient absorption measurements in the fs-time regime revealed the ultrafast formation of a CS state via an intermediate CT state within a few ps. Besides, charge recombination to the ground state also occured within a few ps. In the polymer, there was barely any further energy or charge transfer within the excited state lifetime and therefore the CS state was confined on adjacent squaraine-NDI pairs and did not further travel along the polymer strand. The Ni-mediated Yamamoto homocoupling reaction was applied for the synthesis of the homopolymers (P1-P5). In contrast to the donor-squaraine copolymers, those polymers revealed strongly red-shifted and broad absorption in the red to NIR region in addition to a sharp fluorescence. These features could be explained to originate mainly from the exciton coupling of localised excited states and the presence of different superstructures in solution. For the polymers P1 and P2, an elongated J-type polymer chain caused the strong lowest energy absorption band whereas a zig-zag type arrangement of the single chromophores lead to transitions into both low and high energy excited states of the excitonic manifold. For the polymers P3 and P4, several polymer fractions of different size were investigated. Here, also an elongated chain with J-type character induced the lowest energy absorption band whereas a helical H-type arrangement caused transitions to higher energies of the excitonic manifold. The fractions to which these structures were formed depended on the chain length and the solvent. In thin film measurements, it was shown that the initially in solution formed superstructures were partly retained in the thin film but could be altered by annealing procedures. A control of the superstructures should enable the controlled tuning of the optical properties. Despite the strong interaction of the chromophores in the excited state, the redox potentials of the homopolymers barely differed to those of the respective reference dyes, indicating negligible electronic interaction in the ground state. In addition squaraine-squaraine copolymer P6, consisting of alternating parent dyes M1 and M2, was synthesised. Likewise to the homopolymers, a broad and red-shifted absorption was observed. This was explained by exciton coupling theory, which was extended to also suit alternating copolymers. In toluene, an extraordinary narrow and intense lowest energy absorption band was observed. This exchange narrowing might be a result of a highly ordered J-type structure of the polymer especially in this solvent because it was not found in others. The features of the polymer may be compared to typical J-aggregates formed from monomeric cyanine molecules for example and the polymer used as model for excitonic interactions in an alternating copolymer. Transient absorption measurements revealed a strong energy dependence of the decay traces of the copolymer, most strikingly at early decay times. This was assigned to the occurrence of multiple excitations of one polymer strand (due to the large extinction coefficients of the polymer) and resulting exciton-exciton annihilation. Due to the large exciton diffusion constants that were estimated, the static exciton-exciton annihilation was the rate limiting process of the decay, in contrast to other conjugated polymers, where in thin film measurements the decay was diffusion controlled. To sum up, for the polymers consisting of exclusively squaraine chromophores, it was shown that the exciton coupling of single chromophores with strong transition dipole moments was a fruitful way to tune the absorption spectra. As a side product of some of the polycondensation reactions, unprecedented cyclic conjugated oligomers such as the triarylamine-bridged dimer Dim1, the cyclic homotrimers Tri1-Tri3, and the tetramer Tet1 were obtained by recycling GPC in low yields. Especially the cyclic trimers showed unusual absorption and even more extraordinary fluorescence properties. They showed multiple fluorescence bands in the NIR that covered a range from ~ 8000-12500 cm-1 (800-1250 nm). First hints from theoretical calculations indicated that the trimer was not fully planar but comprised a mixture of both planar and bent single squaraine chromophores. However, final results of the calculations were still missing at the time of writing. In the last part of this work, the application of some monomeric and polymeric squaraines in binary and ternary bulk heterojunction solar cells was demonstrated. Also the utilisation as a dopant in a polymer matrix in an OLED device was shown. The homopolymers P1-P4 were tested in the binary BHJ solar cells revealing poor performances and especially very low short circuit currents. The utilisation of the polymers P3 and P4 that carried the dicyanomethylene group resulted in higher open circuit voltages due to the lower LUMO energy levels but still an overall poor performance. Neither for the different alkyl chains nor for the size of the polymers was a trend observed. In the ternary BHJ solar cells, small amounts of either monomer M14 or polymers P1A, P4-1 or P13 were added to a P3HT/PCBM system in order to generate an additional pathway for charge or energy transfer that should result in a better device performance. However, for none of the tested squaraines, improved solar cells could be built. In similarity to the binary solar cells, the short circuit currents were lower compared to a P3HT/PCBM reference device. These low short circuit currents indicated that the morphology of the squaraine dyes was the major limitation in those devices. It is possible that the dimethyl groups at the indolenine hindered a favoured alignment of the compounds that would allow decent charge transport. In the squaraine doped OLED the squaraine M6 worked rather well as an NIR emitter. Already at low dye loads the fluorescence of the host polymer SY-PPV was completely quenchend and emission from the squaraine was observed. For electroluminescence measurements, a lower dye load (0.5 wt.\%) compared to the photoluminescence measurements was sufficient, indicating that apart from FRET additional quenching mechanisms were at work in the electrically driven devices such as charge carrier dynamics.},
  subject      = {Squaraine},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{SeligParthey2012,
  author    = {Selig-Parthey, Ulrike},
  title     = {Methods of Nonlinear Femtosecond Spectroscopy in the Visible and Ultraviolet Regime and their Application to Coupled Multichromophore Systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74356},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of energy transfer between molecules in solution form a basis for both, our understanding of fundamental natural processes like photosynthesis as well as directed synthetic approaches to optimize organic opto-electronic devices. Here, coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy opens up new possibilities, as it reveals the correlation between absorption and emission frequency and hence the full cause-and-effect chain. In this thesis two optical setups were developed and implemented, permitting the recording of electronic 2D spectra in the visible and in the hitherto unexplored ultraviolet spectral range. Both designs rely on the exclusive manipulation of beam pairs, which reduces the signal modulation to the difference between the transition frequency of the system and the laser frequency. Thus - as has been shown experimentally and theoretically - the timing precision as well as mechanical stability requirements are greatly reduced, from fractions of the oscillation period of the exciting light wave to fractions of the pulse duration. Two-dimensional spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption (TA) as well as different theoretical approaches and simulation models were then applied to coupled multichromophore systems of increasing complexity. Perylene bisimide-perylene monoimide dyads were investigated in cooperation with Prof. Dr. Frank W{\"u}rthner and Prof. Dr. Bernd Engels at the University of W{\"u}rzburg. In these simplest systems studied, global analysis of six different TA experiments unequivocally revealed an ultrafast interchromophoric energy transfer in the 100 fs range. Comparison between the obtained transfer rates and the predictions of F{\"o}rster theory suggest a breakdown of this point-transition-dipole-based picture at the donor-acceptor distances realized in our compounds. Furthermore, a model including conformational changes and an interchromophoric charge transfer has been derived to consistently describe the observed pico- to nanosecond dynamics and fluorescence quantum yields. A second collaboration with Prof. Dr. Gregory Scholes (University of Toronto, Canada) and Prof. Dr. Paul Burn (University of Queensland, Australia) addressed the photophysics of a series of uorene-carbazole dendrimers. Here, a combination of 2D-UV spectroscopy and femtosecond ansiotropy decay experiments revealed the initial delocalization of the excited state wave function that saturates with the second generation. In room temperature solution, disorder-induced localization takes place on the time scales comparable to our instrument response, i.e. 100 fs, followed by energy transfer via incoherent hopping processes. Lastly, in tubular zinc chlorin aggregates, semi-synthetic analogues of natural lightharvesting antennae that had again been synthesized in the group of Prof. Dr. Frank W{\"u}rthner, the interchromophoric coupling is so strong that coherently coupled domains prevail even at room temperature. From an analysis of intensity-dependent TA measurements the dimensions of these domains, the exciton delocalization length, could be determined to span 5-20 monomers. In addition, 2D spectra uncovered efficient energy transfer between neighboring domains, i.e. ultrafast exciton diffusion.},
  subject      = {Femtosekundenspektroskopie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Langhojer2009,
  author    = {Langhojer, Florian},
  title     = {New techniques in liquid-phase ultrafast spectroscopy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39337},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Contents List of Publications 1 Introduction 2 Basic concepts and instrumentation 2.1 Mathematical description of femtosecond laser pulses 2.2 Optical quantities and measurements 2.2.1 Intensity 2.2.2 Absorbance and Beer-Lambert law 2.3 Laser system 2.4 General software framework for scientific data acquisition and simulation 2.4.1 Core components 2.4.2 Program for executing a single measurement sequence 2.4.3 Scan program 2.4.4 Evolutionary algorithm optimization program 2.4.5 Applications of the software framework 2.5 Summary 3 Generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses in the visible 3.1 Nonlinear optics 3.1.1 Nonlinear polarization and frequency conversion 3.1.2 Phase matching 3.2 Optical parametric amplification 3.3 Noncollinear optical parametric amplifier 3.4 Considerations and experimental design of NOPA 3.4.1 Options for broadening the NOPA bandwidth 3.4.2 Experimental setup 3.5 NOPA pulse characterization 3.5.1 Second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating 3.5.2 Transient grating frequency-resolved optical gating 3.6 Compression and shaping methods for NOPA pulses 3.6.1 Grating compressor 3.6.2 Prism compressor 3.6.3 Chirped mirrors 3.6.4 Detuned zero dispersion compressor 3.6.5 Deformable mirror pulse shaper 3.6.6 Liquid crystal pulse shaper 3.7 Liquid crystal pulse shaper 3.7.1 Femtosecond pulse shapers 3.7.2 Experimental design and parameters 3.7.3 Optical setup of the LC pulse shaper 3.7.4 Calibrations of the pulse shaper 3.8 Adaptive pulse compression 3.8.1 Closed loop pulse compression 3.8.2 Open loop pulse compression 3.9 Conclusions 4 Coherent optical two-dimensional spectroscopy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theory of third order nonlinear optical spectroscopies 4.2.1 Response function, electric fields, and signal field 4.2.2 Signal detection with spectral interferometry 4.2.3 Evaluation of two-dimensional spectra and phasing 4.2.4 Selection and classification of terms in induced nonlinear polarization 4.2.5 Oscillatory character of measured signal 4.3 Previous experimental implementations 4.4 Inherently phase-stable setup using conventional optics only 4.4.1 Manipulation of pulse pairs as a basis for stability 4.4.2 Experimental setup 4.4.3 Measurement procedure 4.4.4 Data evaluation 4.5 First experimental results 4.5.1 Demonstration of phase stability 4.5.2 2D spectrum of Nile Blue at room temperature 4.6 Summary and outlook 5 Product accumulation for ultrasensitive femtochemistry 5.1 The problem of sensitivity in femtochemistry 5.2 Accumulation for increased sensitivity 5.2.1 Comparison of conventional and accumulative sensitivity 5.2.2 Schematics and illustrative example 5.3 Experimental setup 5.4 Calibration and modeling of accumulation 5.5 Experiments on indocyanine green 5.5.1 Calibration of the setup 5.5.2 Chirped pulse excitation 5.5.3 Adaptive pulse shaping 5.6 Conclusions 6 Ultrafast photoconversion of the green fluorescent protein 6.1 Green fluorescent protein 6.2 Experimental setup for photoconversion of GFP 6.3 Calibration of the setup for GFP 6.3.1 Model for concentration dynamics of involved GFP species 6.3.2 Estimate of sensitivity 6.4 Excitation power study 6.5 Time-resolved two-color experiment 6.6 Time-delayed unshaped 400 nm - shaped 800 nm pulse excitation 6.6.1 Inducing photoconversion with chirped pulses 6.6.2 Photoconversion using third order phase pulses 6.7 Conclusions 7 Applications of the accumulative method to chiral systems 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Chiral asymmetric photochemistry 7.2.1 Continuous-wave circularly polarized light 7.2.2 Controlled asymmetric photochemistry using femtosecond laser pulses 7.3 Sensitive and fast polarimeter 7.3.1 Polarimeter setup 7.3.2 Detected signal I(t) 7.3.3 Angular amplification 7.3.4 Performance of the polarimeter 7.4 Molecular systems and mechanisms for enantioselective quantum control 7.4.1 Binaphthalene derivatives 7.4.2 Photochemical helicene formation 7.4.3 Spiropyran/merocyanine chiroptical molecular switches 7.5 Summary 8 Summary Zusammenfassung Bibliography Acknowledgements},
  subject      = {Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie},
  language  = {en}
}