@article{VandenbergChahoudHeindeletal.2012,
  author    = {Vandenberg, Laura N. and Chahoud, Ibrahim and Heindel, Jerrold J. and Padmanabhan, Vasantha and Paumgartten, Francisco J. R. and Sch{\"o}nfelder, Gilbert},
  title     = {Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A},
  series = {Ci{\^e}ncia \& Sa{\´u}de Coletiva},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Ci{\^e}ncia \& Sa{\´u}de Coletiva},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1289/ehp.0901716},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134332},
  pages     = {407-434},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hausmann2012,
  author    = {Hausmann, Michael Franz Toni},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum Differenzierungspotential humaner Monozyten / Makrophagen in vitro},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77801},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Unter dem Einfluss von M-CSF und GM-CSF entwickeln sich CD14-positive periphere humane Blutmonozyten zu CD68-positiven M-CSF- bzw. GM-CSF-Makrophagen. M-CSF-Makrophagen lassen sich mit INFg und LPS zu klassisch aktivierten M1-Makrophagen, oder mit IL-4 und IL-10 zu alternativ aktivierten M2-Makrophagen differenzieren. Durch GM-CSF werden aus Monozyten GM-CSF-Makrophagen induziert. Im Gegensatz zu M1-Makrophagen sind GM1-Makrophagen bisher noch wenig untersucht. Mit INFg und LPS werden GM-CSF-Makrophagen zu GM1-Makrophagen aktivert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, wie groß die {\"U}bereinstimmung zwischen M-CSF- und M2-Makrophagen sowie zwischen GM-CSF- und M1-Makrophagen / GM1-Makrophagen ist. Im Gegensatz zu M-CSF- und GM-CSF stellt Laktat aber keinen Differenzierungsfaktor f{\"u}r Monozyten dar. Jedoch beeinflusst Laktat den Ph{\"a}notyp von M2-Makrophagen und hemmt die Aussch{\"u}ttung von IL-12 und NO durch M1- und GM1-Makrophagen.},
  subject      = {Differenzierung},
  language  = {de}
}