@article{GeigerKoenigOberwinkleretal.2022,
  author    = {Geiger, Nina and K{\"o}nig, Eva-Maria and Oberwinkler, Heike and Roll, Valeria and Diesendorf, Viktoria and F{\"a}hr, Sofie and Obernolte, Helena and Sewald, Katherina and Wronski, Sabine and Steinke, Maria and Bodem, Jochen},
  title     = {Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in precision-cut lung slices},
  series = {Vaccines},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Vaccines},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2076-393X},
  doi       = {10.3390/vaccines10101619},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-289885},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aspirin, with its active compound acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), shows antiviral activity against rhino- and influenza viruses at high concentrations. We sought to investigate whether ASA and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 since it might use similar pathways to influenza viruses. The compound-treated cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Viral replication was analysed by RTqPCR. The compounds suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture cells and a patient-near replication system using human precision-cut lung slices by two orders of magnitude. While the compounds did not interfere with viral entry, it led to lower viral RNA expression after 24 h, indicating that post-entry pathways were inhibited by the compounds.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SivarajanOberwinklerRolletal.2022,
  author    = {Sivarajan, Rinu and Oberwinkler, Heike and Roll, Valeria and K{\"o}nig, Eva-Maria and Steinke, Maria and Bodem, Jochen},
  title     = {A defined anthocyanin mixture sourced from bilberry and black currant inhibits Measles virus and various herpesviruses},
  series = {BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12906-022-03661-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301423},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Anthocyanin-containing plant extracts and carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, have been well-known for their antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. We hypothesised that a mixture of Ribes nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) (common name black currant (BC)) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) (common name bilberry (BL)) extracts (BC/BL) with standardised anthocyanin content as well as single plant extracts interfered with the replication of Measles virus and Herpesviruses in vitro. Methods We treated cell cultures with BC/BL or defined single plant extracts, purified anthocyanins and astaxanthin in different concentrations and subsequently infected the cultures with the Measles virus (wild-type or vaccine strain Edmonston), Herpesvirus 1 or 8, or murine Cytomegalovirus. Then, we analysed the number of infected cells and viral infectivity and compared the data to non-treated controls. Results The BC/BL extract inhibited wild-type Measles virus replication, syncytia formation and cell-to-cell spread. This suppression was dependent on the wild-type virus-receptor-interaction since the Measles vaccine strain was unaffected by BC/BL treatment. Furthermore, the evidence was provided that the delphinidin-3-rutinoside chloride, a component of BC/BL, and purified astaxanthin, were effective anti-Measles virus compounds. Human Herpesvirus 1 and murine Cytomegalovirus replication was inhibited by BC/BL, single bilberry or black currant extracts, and the BC/BL component delphinidin-3-glucoside chloride. Additionally, we observed that BC/BL seemed to act synergistically with aciclovir. Moreover, BC/BL, the single bilberry and black currant extracts, and the BC/BL components delphinidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside chloride, and petunidin-3-galactoside inhibited human Herpesvirus 8 replication. Conclusions Our data indicate that Measles viruses and Herpesviruses are differentially susceptible to a specific BC/BL mixture, single plant extracts, purified anthocyanins and astaxanthin. These compounds might be used in the prevention of viral diseases and in addition to direct-acting antivirals, such as aciclovir.},
  language  = {en}
}