@article{Westermaier2013,
  author    = {Westermaier, Thomas},
  title     = {Neuroprotective Treatment Strategies for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Review of Literature and Future Prospects},
  doi       = {10.4172/2155-9562.1000183},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112631},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {This article reviews experimental and clinical data on the use of various neuroprotective agents and therapeutic measures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While calcium antagonists have been used in the past and are still part of the standard treatment regimen in most departments involved in the treatment of SAH, other classes of drugs and various other methods have been tested for their potential to inhibit delayed ischemia after SAH. This article reviews the literature about clinical studies about the efficacy of various neuroprotective agents and methods including statins, steroids and Endothelin-antagonists and other - alternative - methods like cisternal lavage, intrathecal drug delivery and hypercapnia, offering future perspectives for the treatment of this hazardous disease.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LinsenmannMonoranuKessleretal.2013,
  author    = {Linsenmann, Thomas and Monoranu, Camelia M. and Kessler, Almuth F. and Ernestus, Ralf I. and Westermaier, Thomas},
  title     = {Bone chips, fibrin glue, and osteogeneration following lateral suboccipital craniectomy: a case report},
  series = {BMC Research Notes},
  journal   = {BMC Research Notes},
  doi       = {10.1186/1756-0500-6-523},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-97346},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background Suboccipital craniectomy is a conventional approach for exploring cerebellopontine angle lesions. A variety of techniques have been successfully employed to reconstruct a craniectomy. This is the first report about the histological findings after performing a cranioplasty by using a mixture of autologous bone chips and human allogenic fibrin glue. Case presentation A 53-year-old German woman underwent left lateral suboccipital retrosigmoidal craniectomy for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in 2008. Cranioplasty was perfomed by using a mixture of autologous bone chips and human allogenic fibrin glue. Due to recurrent neuralgia, a second left lateral suboccipital craniectomy was performed in 2012. The intraoperative findings revealed a complete ossification of the former craniotomy including widely mature trabecular bone tissue in the histological examination. Conclusion A mixture of autologous bone chips and human allogenic fibrin glue seems to provide sufficient bone-regeneration revealed by histological and neuroradiological examinations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LoehrMolcanyiPoggenborgetal.2013,
  author    = {L{\"o}hr, Mario and Molcanyi, Marek and Poggenborg, J{\"o}rg and Spuentrup, Elmar and Runge, Matthias and R{\"o}hn, Gabriele and H{\"a}rtig, Wolfgang and Hescheler, J{\"u}rgen and Hampl, J{\"u}rgen A.},
  title     = {Intracerebral Administration of Heat-Inactivated Staphylococcus Epidermidis Enhances Oncolysis and Prolongs Survival in a 9L Orthotopic Gliosarcoma Model},
  series = {Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry},
  journal   = {Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry},
  doi       = {10.1159/000350081},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96754},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: The association between postoperative infection and prolonged survival in high-grade glioma is still a matter of debate. Previously we demonstrated that the intracerebral (i.c.) injection of heat-inactivated staphylococcal epitopes (HISE) resulted in a well-defined infux of immunocompetent cells across the blood-brain barrier. The present study investigated the potential antitumoral effect of HISE-immunostimulation in an experimental glioma model. Methods: Wistar rats were intracerebrally implanted with 9L gliosarcoma cells (n=6), 9L cells mixed with HISE (n=12), or phosphate buffered saline (n=4). Tumor growth was measured by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After death due to the tumor burden, the brains were histopathologically assessed for inflammation and oncolysis. A toxicity assay was performed to quantify potential impairment of HISE on tumor cell growth in vitro. Results: Animals treated by HISE showed a significant increase in average survival and even complete regression of an already established mass in one case. Na{\"i}ve 9L gliosarcomas failed to recruit significant numbers of systemic immune cells. In contrast, concomitant intracerebral HISE inoculation lead to a oncolysis and a distinct peri- and intratumoral infiltration of macrophages, CD8 and CD4 co-expressing T-lymphocytes in two thirds of the tumor-bearing animals. The toxicity screening showed HISE-mediated oncolysis to be ineffective ex vivo. Conclusion: This study describes a novel approach for combatting malignant glioma using inactivated staphylococci as potent immunomodulators. Our results provide an outline for investigating the strategic potential of bacteria as emerging future therapeutics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SirenStetterHirschbergetal.2013,
  author    = {Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena and Stetter, Christian and Hirschberg, Markus and Nieswandt, Bernhard and Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo and Heckmann, Manfred},
  title     = {An experimental protocol for in vivo imaging of neuronal structural plasticity with 2-photon microscopy in mice},
  series = {Experimental \& Translational Stroke Medicine},
  journal   = {Experimental \& Translational Stroke Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1186/2040-7378-5-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96908},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Introduction Structural plasticity with synapse formation and elimination is a key component of memory capacity and may be critical for functional recovery after brain injury. Here we describe in detail two surgical techniques to create a cranial window in mice and show crucial points in the procedure for long-term repeated in vivo imaging of synaptic structural plasticity in the mouse neocortex. Methods Transgenic Thy1-YFP(H) mice expressing yellow-fluorescent protein (YFP) in layer-5 pyramidal neurons were prepared under anesthesia for in vivo imaging of dendritic spines in the parietal cortex either with an open-skull glass or thinned skull window. After a recovery period of 14 days, imaging sessions of 45-60 min in duration were started under fluothane anesthesia. To reduce respiration-induced movement artifacts, the skull was glued to a stainless steel plate fixed to metal base. The animals were set under a two-photon microscope with multifocal scanhead splitter (TriMScope, LaVision BioTec) and the Ti-sapphire laser was tuned to the optimal excitation wavelength for YFP (890 nm). Images were acquired by using a 20×, 0.95 NA, water-immersion objective (Olympus) in imaging depth of 100-200 μm from the pial surface. Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional image stacks containing dendritic segments of interest were saved for further analysis. At the end of the last imaging session, the mice were decapitated and the brains removed for histological analysis. Results Repeated in vivo imaging of dendritic spines of the layer-5 pyramidal neurons was successful using both open-skull glass and thinned skull windows. Both window techniques were associated with low phototoxicity after repeated sessions of imaging. Conclusions Repeated imaging of dendritic spines in vivo allows monitoring of long-term structural dynamics of synapses. When carefully controlled for influence of repeated anesthesia and phototoxicity, the method will be suitable to study changes in synaptic structural plasticity after brain injury.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WestermaierStetterKunzeetal.2013,
  author    = {Westermaier, Thomas and Stetter, Christian and Kunze, Ekkehard and Willner, Nadine and Raslan, Furat and Vince, Giles H. and Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo},
  title     = {Magnesium treatment for neuroprotection in ischemic diseases of the brain},
  series = {Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine},
  journal   = {Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1186/2040-7378-5-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96729},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {This article reviews experimental and clinical data on the use of magnesium as a neuroprotective agent in various conditions of cerebral ischemia. Whereas magnesium has shown neuroprotective properties in animal models of global and focal cerebral ischemia, this effect could not be reproduced in a large human stroke trial. These conflicting results may be explained by the timing of treatment. While treatment can be started before or early after ischemia in experimental studies, there is an inevitable delay of treatment in human stroke. Magnesium administration to women at risk for preterm birth has been investigated in several randomized controlled trials and was found to reduce the risk of neurological deficits for the premature infant. Postnatal administration of magnesium to babies after perinatal asphyxia has been studied in a number of controlled clinical trials. The results are promising but the trials have, so far, been underpowered. In aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral ischemia arises with the onset of delayed cerebral vasospasm several days after aneurysm rupture. Similar to perinatal asphyxia in impending preterm delivery, treatment can be started prior to ischemia. The results of clinical trials are conflicting. Several clinical trials did not show an additive effect of magnesium with nimodipine, another calcium antagonist which is routinely administered to SAH patients in many centers. Other trials found a protective effect after magnesium therapy. Thus, it may still be a promising substance in the treatment of secondary cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal SAH. Future prospects of magnesium therapy are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wesche2013,
  author    = {Wesche, Manuel},
  title     = {Entwicklung einer Methode zur Herstellung von kommunizierenden Neuronen-Netzwerken auf Multielektroden Arrays},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83689},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Ziel der Arbeit war es, dichte Neuronenkulturen in kleinere Untereinheiten zu unterteilen, welche durch ihre Neuriten miteinander in Kontakt standen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden auf MEAs zellbindende Kreisareale mittels Mikrostempeltechnik auf die zellabweisende Schicht aus Polyethylenglykol {\"u}bertragen. Dudurch wurde gew{\"a}hrleistet, dass scharf abgegrenzte Neuronenareale f{\"u}r mehrere Wochen auf dem MEA wuchsen und nach Ausbildung der neuritischen Verbindungen untereinander, die elektrische Aktivit{\"a}t zwischen den Kreiskammern gemessen werden k{\"o}nnte. Das sollte Auskunft {\"u}ber Informationsausbreitung in Neuralnetzen geben und die Theorien {\"u}ber Synchronit{\"a}t und Synfirechains pr{\"u}fbar machen.},
  subject      = {MEA},
  language  = {de}
}