@article{KorkmazPuladiGalleretal.2021,
  author    = {Korkmaz, Y{\"u}ksel and Puladi, Behrus and Galler, Kerstin and K{\"a}mmerer, Peer W. and Schr{\"o}der, Agnes and G{\"o}lz, Lina and Sparwasser, Tim and Bloch, Wilhelm and Friebe, Andreas and Deschner, James},
  title     = {Inflammation in the human periodontium induces downregulation of the α\(_1\)- and β\(_1\)-subunits of the sGC in cementoclasts},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms22020539},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285783},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Nitric oxide (NO) binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), activates it in a reduced oxidized heme iron state, and generates cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), which results in vasodilatation and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In inflammation, sGC is oxidized and becomes insensitive to NO. NO- and heme-independent activation of sGC requires protein expression of the α\(_1\)- and β\(_1\)-subunits. Inflammation of the periodontium induces the resorption of cementum by cementoclasts and the resorption of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts, which can lead to tooth loss. As the presence of sGC in cementoclasts is unknown, we investigated the α\(_1\)- and β\(_1\)-subunits of sGC in cementoclasts of healthy and inflamed human periodontium using double immunostaining for CD68 and cathepsin K and compared the findings with those of osteoclasts from the same sections. In comparison to cementoclasts in the healthy periodontium, cementoclasts under inflammatory conditions showed a decreased staining intensity for both α\(_1\)- and β\(_1\)-subunits of sGC, indicating reduced protein expression of these subunits. Therefore, pharmacological activation of sGC in inflamed periodontal tissues in an NO- and heme-independent manner could be considered as a new treatment strategy to inhibit cementum resorption.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoffmannEtzrodtWillkommetal.2015,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Linda S. and Etzrodt, Jennifer and Willkomm, Lena and Sanyal, Abhishek and Scheja, Ludger and Fischer, Alexander W. C. and Stasch, Johannes-Peter and Bloch, Wilhelm and Friebe, Andreas and Heeren, Joerg and Pfeifer, Alexander},
  title     = {Stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase protects against obesity by recruiting brown adipose tissue},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {7235},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms8235},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143127},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Obesity is characterized by a positive energy balance and expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) combusts energy to produce heat. Here we show that a small molecule stimulator (BAY 41-8543) of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP), protects against diet-induced weight gain, induces weight loss in established obesity, and also improves the diabetic phenotype. Mechanistically, the haeme-dependent sGC stimulator BAY 41-8543 enhances lipid uptake into BAT and increases whole-body energy expenditure, whereas ablation of the haeme-containing \(\beta\)\(_{1}\)-subunit of sGC severely impairs BAT function. Notably, the sGC stimulator enhances differentiation of human brown adipocytes as well as induces 'browning' of primary white adipocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that sGC is a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.},
  language  = {en}
}