@article{StepulaKoenigWangetal.2020, author = {Stepula, Elzbieta and K{\"o}nig, Matthias and Wang, Xin-Ping and Levermann, Janina and Schimming, Tobias and Kasimir-Bauer, Sabine and Schilling, Bastian and Schl{\"u}cker, Sebastian}, title = {Localization of PD-L1 on single cancer cells by iSERS microscopy with Au/Au core/satellite nanoparticles}, series = {Journal of Biophotonics}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Biophotonics}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1002/jbio.201960034}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212655}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important predictive biomarker. The detection of PD-L1 can be crucial for patients with advanced cancer where the use of immunotherapy is considered. Here, we demonstrate the use of immuno-SERS microscopy (iSERS) for localizing PD-L1 on single cancer SkBr-3 cells. A central advantage of iSERS is that the disturbing autofluorescence from cells and tissues can be efficiently minimized by red to near-infrared laser excitation. In this study we employed Au/Au core/satellite nanoparticles as SERS nanotags because of their remarkable signal brightness and colloidal stability upon red laser excitation. False-color iSERS images of the positive and negative controls clearly reveal the specific localization of PD-L1 with SERS nanotag-labeled antibodies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Roesch2002, author = {R{\"o}sch, Petra}, title = {Raman-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3539}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit werden Pflanzen, Pflanzengewebe, Pflanzenzellen und Mikro-organismen spektroskopisch untersucht und ihre Inhaltsstoffe unter minimaler Probenpr{\"a}paration im biologischen Gewebe direkt lokalisiert und identifiziert. Unter den verf{\"u}gbaren Schwingungs-spektroskopischen Methoden ist die Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie f{\"u}r diese Fragestellungen besonders gut geeignet, da Wasser Raman-Spektren nur wenig beeinflusst. Daher kann mit Raman-spektroskopischen Methoden auch in stark wasserhaltigem Gewebe gemessen werden. Weiterhin erh{\"a}lt man mit der Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie eine gute r{\"a}umliche Aufl{\"o}sung im sub-µm-Bereich, wodurch es m{\"o}glich ist, heterogene Proben zu untersuchen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus kann die Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie mit anderen Methoden, wie z. B. der oberfl{\"a}chenverst{\"a}rkten Raman-Spektroskopie (SERS), kombiniert werden. In pflanzlichen Zellen liegt eine Vielzahl von Substanzen in geringen Konzentrationen vor. Aufgrund der niedrigen Quantenausbeute des Raman-Effekts treten vor allem Substanzen, die eine Resonanz-Verst{\"a}rkung erfahren, in den Spektren hervor. Diese Substanzen, wie z. B. b-Carotin, k{\"o}nnen deshalb in geringen Konzentrationen detektiert werden. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt in der Untersuchung von Sekund{\"a}r-Metaboliten wie Alkaloiden, Lipiden oder Terpenen, die in der Pflanze agglomerieren. Neben der Identifikation von Inhaltsstoffen, k{\"o}nnen die Raman-Spektren von Pflanzen f{\"u}r die chemotaxonomische Klassifizierung mit Hilfe der hierarchischen Clusteranalyse verwendet werden. Die Identifizierung von Mikroorganismen auch in sehr geringen Mengen (Monolage, einzelne Zellen) ist mit der Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen durchf{\"u}hrbar. F{\"u}r weitergehende Untersuchungen wird hier die SERS-Sonde oder ein TERS-Aufbau verwendet werden.}, subject = {Pflanzen}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Peica2006, author = {Peica, Niculina}, title = {Vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations on biological molecules}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20913}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are among the most widely used techniques in the physical and natural sciences today. Vibrational spectroscopy, including IR and Raman spectroscopy, has both a long and interesting history and an illustrious record of contributions to science. Spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry is dominated by techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the elucidation of chemical structures. Despite this, the versatility of infrared spectroscopy ensures it still remains a key technique in quality control laboratories, and in applications where solid form characterization or minimal sample preparation is a necessity. Raman spectroscopy has many uses in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, but its strengths is in solid form analysis. It is regularly used to identify compounds, and results are used in the release of pharmaceutical and chemical products. This work consists of 8 chapters, which cover the vibrational spectroscopy beginning with the theory and instrumentation, continuing with the experimental setup and probes description, and completing with results and discussions of the experiments. The first chapter of this work introduces Raman spectroscopy as a dominant technique used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The theoretical background regarding vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman) is accounted for in the second chapter of this work, while the samples presentation, the experimental procedures, and the description of the apparatus together with the computational details are briefly specified in the third chapter. The fourth chapter investigates the concentration dependent wavenumber shifts and linewidth changes of tetrahydrofuran in a binary system. Many of the applications in food science rely heavily on Raman spectroscopy, often preceding the biomedical applications. The characterization and identification of food additives using Raman, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations is in detail depicted in the fifth chapter, whereas in the sixth and seventh chapters the monitoring of several medicines and various lanthanide complexes with anticancer properties, respectively, employing IR and Raman techniques are treated. These last two chapters address applications of vibrational spectroscopy to pharmaceutical products, and include the use of vibrational spectroscopy in combinatorial chemistry and density functional theory, a modality increasingly used by the pharmaceutical industry for the discovery if new pharmacologically active substances.}, subject = {Schwingungsspektroskopie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pavel2003, author = {Pavel, Ioana-Emilia}, title = {Vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, a powerful approach for the characterization of pharmaceuticals and new organometallic complexes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-7186}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {In the current work, several well-known pharmaceuticals (1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine sulfate, caffeine, and papaverine hydrochloride) and new organometallic compounds (nickel(II) cupferronato complexes NiL2An, L = PhN2O2-, n = 1, A = o-phenanthroline (1), o,o'-bipyridine (2) and n = 2, A = H2O (3), o-NH2Py (4), o-C6H4(NH2)2 (5); silylene-bridged dinuclear iron complexes [Cp(OC)2Fe]2SiX2 (X = H (6), F (7), Cl (8), Br (9), I (10)); 3-silaoxetane 3,3-dimethyl-2,2,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-oxa-3-silacyclobutane (11) and 3-silathietane 3,3-dimethyl-2,2,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-sila-3-thiacyclobutane (12) compounds), which have successfully been characterized by using vibrational spectroscopy in conjunction with accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations, are presented. The DFT computed molecular geometries of the species of interest reproduced the crystal structure data very well and in conjunction with IR and Raman measurements helped us to clarify the structures of the compounds, for which no experimental data were available; and this, especially for the new organometallic compounds, where the X-Ray analysis was limited by the non-availability of single crystals (3, 5, 10). Furthermore, a natural population analysis (NPA) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations together with a detailed analysis of the IR and Raman experimental as well as calculated spectra of the new organometallic compounds, allowed us to study some special bonding situations (1-12) or to monitor the structural changes observed with the change in temperature during the Raman experiments (11, 12). By combining these two methods (DFT and vibrational spectroscopy), the auspicious results obtained on the organometallic compounds 6-12 and overall in literature, made us confident of the power of theoretical calculations in aiding the interpretation of rich SERS spectra by solving some interesting issues. Consequently, the Raman and SERS spectra of well-known pharmaceuticals (1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine sulfate, caffeine, and papaverine hydrochloride) or new potentially biological active organometallic complexes (1-5), that were synthetized by our coworkers, were discussed with the assistance of the accurate results obtained from DFT calculations (structural parameters, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, Raman scattering activities), and many previous incomplete assignments have been analyzed and improved. This allowed us to establish the vibrational behavior of these biological compounds near a biological artificial model at different pH values or concentrations (Ag substrate), taking into account that information about the species present under particular conditions could be of great importance for the interpretation of biochemical processes. The total electron density of molecules and the partial charges situated on selected atoms, which were determined theoretically by NPA, allowed us to establish the probability of different atoms acting as an adsorptive site for the metal surface. Moreover, a closer examination of the calculated orbitals of molecules brought further arguments on the presence or absence of the photoproducts at the Ag surface during the irradiation (1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine sulfate). Overall, the results provide a benchmark illustration of the virtues of DFT in aiding the interpretation of rich vibrational spectra attainable for larger polyatomic adsorbates by using SERS, as well as in furnishing detailed insight into the relation between the vibrational properties and the nature of the Ag substrate-adsorbate bonding. Therefore, we strongly believe that theoretical calculations will become a matter of rapidly growing scientific and practical interest in SERS.}, subject = {Arzneimittel}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2011, author = {M{\"u}ller, Christian}, title = {Physical Properties of Chromophore Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57657}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {n this work the synthesis and analysis of chromophore functionalized spherical gold nanoparticles is presented. The optical, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of these hybrid materials are furthermore studied. The work therefore is divided into two parts. The first part deals with triarylamine and PCTM-radical functionalized gold nanoparticles. The focus thereby was on the synthesis and on the investigations of chromophore-chromophore interactions and gold core-chromophore interactions. The chromopores, especially triarylamines, were attached to the gold core via different bridging units and were studied with optical and electrochemical methods. The purity and dimensions of the nanoparticles was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), TGA, XPS and STEM. Furthermore a cyclic voltammetry technique was used to determine the composition of the particles via the Randles-Sevcik equation. An analysis of these parameters led to a model of a sea urchin-shaped nanoparticle. Optical measurements of the particles revealed an anisotropic absorption behavior of the triarylamine units due to gold core-chromophore interaction. However this behavior depends strongly on the relative orientation of the transition dipole moment of the chromophore to the gold surface and the distance of the chromophore to the surface. Hence, the anisotropic behavior was exclusively detected in the spectra of the Au-Tara1 particles. The short and rigid pi-conjugated bridging unit thereby facilitates this gold core-chromophore interaction. It was shown from electrochemical investigations that the triarylamine units can be chemically reversibly oxidized to the triarylamine monoradical cation. Furthermore, the measurements revealed a strong interligand triarylamine-triarylamine interaction which was only seen for the Au-Tara1 particles. The long pi-conjugated bridging units of the Au-Tara2 and Au-Tara3 particles as well as the aliphatic bridging unit of Au-Tara4 prevent any detectable interligand interactions. One may conclude that both the gold core-chromophore and the interligand triarylamine-triarylamine interaction depend on the length and the rigidity of the bridging unit. The electron transfer behavior of the triarylamine units adsorbed onto the gold core was additionally studied via spectroelectrochemical (SEC) measurements which are able to reveal weaker interactions. The investigations of Au-Tara1 and Au-Tara2 revealed a significant strong coupling between neighboring triarylamine units which is due to through-space intervalence interactions. This behavior was not detected for Au-Tara3 or for Au-Tara4. The SEC analysis also revealed that these observed interligand interactions depend on the length and the rigidity of the bridging unit. Thus, the systematic variation of the bridging unit gave a basic insight in the optical and electrochemical properties of triarylamines, located in the vicinity of a gold nanoparticle. The second part of this work aimed at the synthesis of new molecules, denoted as SERS-markers, for immuno SERS applications. For this purpose, the SERS-markers were designed to have a Raman-active unit and a thiol group for chemisorptions to Au/Ag nanoshells. In cooperation with the group of Schl{\"u}cker (University of Osnabr{\"u}ck) the SERS-markers were absorbed onto Au/Ag nanoshells, denoted as SERS-labels, and characterized. The SERS spectra of the SERS-labels exhibited intense and characteristic SERS-signals for each marker. For immuno SERS investigations SEMA3 was functionalized with a hydrophilic end unit. This marker was adsorbed onto an Au/Ag nanoshell and encapsulated with silica. An anti-p63 antibody was bound to the silica surface in order to generate a SERS-labeled antibody for the detection of the tumor suppressor p63 in benign prostate. Immuno-SERS imaging of prostate tissue incubated with SERS-labeled anti-p63 antibodies demonstrated the selective detection of p63 in the basal epithelium. The results show the potential of the method for the detection of several biomolecules in a multiplexing SERS experiment.}, subject = {Gold}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gessner2003, author = {Geßner, Ralph}, title = {Untersuchungen an biologischen Proben mit verschiedenen Raman- und SERS-spektroskopischen Techniken}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-8626}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Erprobung geeigneter Methoden zur Raman-spektroskopischen Untersuchung empfindlicher, insbesondere biologischer Proben. Das Ziel dabei ist, ein Werkzeug zur Verf{\"u}gung zu stellen, mit dem es m{\"o}glich ist, detaillierte Informationen {\"u}ber die Inhaltsstoffe einer Probe und deren r{\"a}umlichen Verteilung zu sammeln. Diese Daten sind beispielsweise f{\"u}r die Qualit{\"a}tssicherung pharmazeutischer Produktionen notwendig. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zwei verschiedene Ans{\"a}tze verfolgt: ein Raman-Spektrometer wurde zum einen mit einer Glasfasersonde, zum anderen mit einer optischen Gradientenfalle kombiniert. Beide Ans{\"a}tze wurden getestet und mit ihnen biologische Fragestellungen bearbeitet. Die Empfindlichkeit biologischer Proben und die geringe Konzentration ihrer Inhaltsstoffe macht es dabei notwendig, besonderen Wert auf probenschonende Messverfahren und eine hohe Nachweisempfindlichkeit zu legen. Die Raman- bzw. SERS-Spektroskopie ist hierzu in der Lage und erfordert gleichzeitig nur eine minimale Probenpr{\"a}paration. Anhand der pr{\"a}sentierten Experimente konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die SERS-Glasfasersonde besonders zur Untersuchung empfindlicher Proben eignet. Insbesondere erlaubt sie minimal-invasives Arbeiten an biologischen Materialien. Es konnte außerdem gezeigt werden, dass die Sonde aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Beschaffenheit eine gute Ortsaufl{\"o}sung, bis in den Sub-Mikrometerbereich, bei den Messungen erlaubt. Daher eignet sich die Fasersonde besonders zur Untersuchung von hochempfindlichen biologischen Proben bei gleichzeitig sehr geringem Probenbedarf. Mit der optischen Gradientenfalle, als zweite Methode, hat man ein Werkzeug zur Hand, mit dem es m{\"o}glich ist, einzelne Mikroorganismen oder Mikropartikel in Suspension zu vermessen. Bei Arbeit mit der optischen Gradientenfalle ist eine freie, dreidimensionale Manipulation der gefangenen Zellen im Probengef{\"a}ß m{\"o}glich. Auf diese Weise k{\"o}nnen einzelne Zellen {\"u}ber l{\"a}ngere Zeit stabil im Laserfokus gehalten werden, wodurch l{\"a}ngere Integrationszeiten m{\"o}glich werden. Außerdem kann man auf diese Weise eine Immobilisierung der suspendierten Zellen auf einer funktionalisierten Oberfl{\"a}che vermeiden, wodurch unerw{\"u}nschte Effekte auf das zu messende Spektrum, wie z. B. Verschiebungen einzelner Banden oder {\"A}nderungen in den relativen Bandenintensit{\"a}ten, ausgeschlossen werden k{\"o}nnen. Zur Untersuchung partikul{\"a}rer Verunreinigungen ist es nicht notwendig, die L{\"o}sung aus dem Gef{\"a}ß heraus zu pr{\"a}parieren. Vielmehr k{\"o}nnen die Mikropartikel durch die optische Gradientenfalle in der L{\"o}sung festgehalten und spektroskopisch identifiziert werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht beispielsweise die Charakterisierung von Verunreinigungen in pharmazeutischen L{\"o}sungen, ohne dass daf{\"u}r Ampullen ge{\"o}ffnet werden m{\"u}ssten. Auf diese Weise k{\"o}nnen Kontaminantien identifiziert werden, ohne Gefahr zu laufen, bei der Probenpr{\"a}paration weitere Verunreinigungen zu verursachen und damit die Messungen zu verf{\"a}lschen. Durch die Kombination eines Raman-mikroskopischen Aufbaus mit der SERS-Glasfasersonde bzw. der optischen Gradientenfalle ist es gelungen, Fragestellungen an biologischen Systemen in sehr Proben-schonender, aber gleichzeitig hoch-ortsaufl{\"o}sender Weise zu bearbeiten. Durch die Verwendung nicht-kontaminierender SERS-Sonden ist es m{\"o}glich, zus{\"a}tzliche Verst{\"a}rkungseffekte zu erzielen. Die verwendeten Anregungslaserleistungen k{\"o}nnen daher generell niedrig gehalten werden. Dennoch erh{\"a}lt man aussagekr{\"a}ftige Spektren in einer akzeptablen Zeit. Die Zwei-Laser-L{\"o}sung f{\"u}r die optische Gradientenfalle stellt ein zuverl{\"a}ssiges Werkzeug zur ber{\"u}hrungsfreien Manipulation kleiner Partikel bei gleichzeitiger Flexibilit{\"a}t in Bezug auf die Anregungswellenl{\"a}nge dar.}, subject = {Biologisches Material}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bolboaca2002, author = {Bolboaca, Monica-Maria}, title = {Vibrational characterisation of coordination and biologically active compounds by means of IR absorption, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with theoretical simulations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4616}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {The thesis contains two major parts. The first part deals with structural investigations on different coordination compounds performed by using infrared absorption and FT-Raman spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. In the first section of this part the starting materials Ph2P-N(H)SiMe3 and Ph3P=NSiMe3 and their corresponding [(MeSi)2NZnPh2P-NSiMe3]2 and Li(o-C6H4PPh2NSiMe3)]2·Et2O complexes have been investigated in order to determine the influence of the metal coordination on the P-N bond length. In the next section the vibrational spectra of four hexacoordinated silicon(IV) and germanium(IV) complexes with three symmetrical bidentate oxalato(2-) ligands have been elucidated. Kinetic investigations of the hydrolysis of two of them, one with silicon and another one with germanium, have been carried out at room temperature and at different pH values and it was observed that the hydrolysis reaction occurs only for the silicon compound, the fastest reaction taking place at acidic pH. In the last section of this part, the geometric configurations of some hexacoordinated silicon(IV) complexes with three unsymmetrical bidentate hydroximato(2-) ligands have been determined. The second part of the thesis contains vibrational investigations of some biologically active molecules performed by means of Raman spectroscopy together with theoretical simulations. The SER spectra of these molecules at different pH values have also been analysed and the adsorption behaviour on the metal surface as well as the influence of the pH on the molecule-substrate interaction have been established.}, subject = {Komplexe}, language = {en} }