@article{ZusanGiesekingZersonetal.2015,
  author    = {Zusan, Andreas and Gieseking, Bj{\"o}rn and Zerson, Mario and Dyakonov, Vladimir and Magerle, Robert and Deibel, Carsten},
  title     = {The Effect of Diiodooctane on the Charge Carrier Generation in Organic Solar Cells Based on the Copolymer PBDTTT-C},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep08286},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125022},
  pages     = {8286},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Microstructural changes and the understanding of their effect on photocurrent generation are key aspects for improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. We analyze the impact of a systematically increased amount of the solvent additive diiodooctane (DIO) on the morphology of PBDTTT-C:PC71BM blends and related changes in free carrier formation and recombination by combining surface imaging, photophysical and charge extraction techniques. We identify agglomerates visible in AFM images of the 0\% DIO blend as PC71BM domains embedded in an intermixed matrix phase. With the addition of DIO, a decrease in the size of fullerene domains along with a demixing of the matrix phase appears for 0.6\% and 1\% DIO. Surprisingly, transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an efficient photogeneration already for the smallest amount of DIO, although the largest efficiency is found for 3\% DIO. It is ascribed to a fine-tuning of the blend morphology in terms of the formation of interpenetrating donor and acceptor phases minimizing geminate and nongeminate recombination as indicated by charge extraction experiments. An increase in the DIO content to 10\% adversely affects the photovoltaic performance, most probably due to an inefficient free carrier formation and trapping in a less interconnected donor-acceptor network.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TvingstedtMalinkiewiczBaumannetal.2014,
  author    = {Tvingstedt, Kristofer and Malinkiewicz, Olga and Baumann, Andreas and Deibel, Carsten and Snaith, Henry J. and Dyakonov, Vladimir and Bolink, Henk J.},
  title     = {Radiative efficiency of lead iodide based perovskite solar cells},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep06071},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119360},
  pages     = {6071},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The maximum efficiency of any solar cell can be evaluated in terms of its corresponding ability to emit light. We herein determine the important figure of merit of radiative efficiency for Methylammonium Lead Iodide perovskite solar cells and, to put in context, relate it to an organic photovoltaic (OPV) model device. We evaluate the reciprocity relation between electroluminescence and photovoltaic quantum efficiency and conclude that the emission from the perovskite devices is dominated by a sharp band-to-band transition that has a radiative efficiency much higher than that of an average OPV device. As a consequence, the perovskite have the benefit of retaining an open circuit voltage ~0.14 V closer to its radiative limit than the OPV cell. Additionally, and in contrast to OPVs, we show that the photoluminescence of the perovskite solar cell is substantially quenched under short circuit conditions in accordance with how an ideal photovoltaic cell should operate.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrausHeiberVaethetal.2016,
  author    = {Kraus, Hannes and Heiber, Michael C. and V{\"a}th, Stefan and Kern, Julia and Deibel, Carsten and Sperlich, Andreas and Dyakonov, Vladimir},
  title     = {Analysis of Triplet Exciton Loss Pathways in PTB7:PC\(_{71}\)BM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {29158},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep29158},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147413},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A strategy for increasing the conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics has been to increase the VOC by tuning the energy levels of donor and acceptor components. However, this opens up a new loss pathway from an interfacial charge transfer state to a triplet exciton (TE) state called electron back transfer (EBT), which is detrimental to device performance. To test this hypothesis, we study triplet formation in the high performing PTB7:PC\(_{71}\)BM blend system and determine the impact of the morphology-optimizing additive 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO). Using photoluminescence and spin-sensitive optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements at low temperature, we find that TEs form on PC\(_{71}\)BM via intersystem crossing from singlet excitons and on PTB7 via EBT mechanism. For DIO blends with smaller fullerene domains, an increased density of PTB7 TEs is observed. The EBT process is found to be significant only at very low temperature. At 300 K, no triplets are detected via ODMR, and electrically detected magnetic resonance on optimized solar cells indicates that TEs are only present on the fullerenes. We conclude that in PTB7:PC\(_{71}\)BM devices, TE formation via EBT is impacted by fullerene domain size at low temperature, but at room temperature, EBT does not represent a dominant loss pathway.},
  language  = {en}
}