@article{BjorklundSchneiderCasseletal.1994,
  author    = {Bjorklund, David F. and Schneider, Wolfgang and Cassel, William S. and Ashley, Elizabeth},
  title     = {Training and Extension of a Memory Strategy: Evidence for Utilization Deficiencies in the Acquisition of an Organizational Strategy in High- and Low-IQ Children},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62234},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {143 9- and 10-year-oId children were classified into high- and Jow-IQ groups and given 4 different sort/recall lists (baseline, training, near [immediate] extension, far [l-week] extension) to assess training and extension of an organizational memory strategy. All children received categorized items of moderate typicality for Phases 1, 3, and 4. For Phase 2, children were assigned to either a training or control group, with half of the children in each group receiving category typical items and the others category atypical items. Levels of recall, sorting, and clustering were greater in Phase 2 for high-IQ children, for the typical lists, and for trained children. Both the high- and low-IQ children trained with typical items continued to show high levels of recall on the near extension phase. No group of subjects maintained high levels of recall after 1 week, although levels of sorting and/or clustering on the extension trials remained high for all groups of subjects except the low-IQ control children. This latter pattern (elevated sorting/clustering with low levels of recall) is an indication of a utilization deficiency, a phase in strategy development when children use a strategy but gain little or no benefit n performance. The results provide evidence for IQ, training, and material effects in the demonstration of a utilization deficiency.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KurtzCostesSchneider1994,
  author    = {Kurtz-Costes, Beth E. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Self-concept, attributional beliefs, and school achievement: A longitudinal analysis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62245},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hoffmann1994,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Der implizite Erwerb von Handlungswissen},
  series = {Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  number    = {2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127709},
  pages     = {56-66},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Der Beitrag besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit {\"U}berlegungen zum Aufbau verhaltenssteuernder Strukturen. Er geht von dem Konzept de simpliziten Lernens aus, nach dem sich die Steuerung des Verhaltens, wenigstens unter bestimmten Bedingungen, unbewusst, aufmerksamkeitsunabhaengig und unwillk{\"u}rlich an strukturelle Eigenschaften der Umgebung anpasst. Eine kritische Analyse einschl{\"a}giger Untersuchungen f{\"u}hrt zu einer hypothetischen Lernstruktur, die es gestattet zu lernen, unter welchen Bedingungen welche Verhaltensakte zu welchen Konsequenzen f{\"u}hren. Der Lernprozess, so wird angenommen, wird in dieser Struktur von einem fundamentalen Beduerfnis nach sicherer Antizipierbarkeit von Verhaltenskonsequenzen getrieben. Eine Pilotstudie, die von diesen Annahmen ausgeht, wird ebenso diskutiert wie moegliche Anwendungen bei der Gestaltung von Trainingsprozessen im Sport.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RabinowitzOrnsteinFoldsBennettetal.1994,
  author    = {Rabinowitz, Mitchell and Ornstein, Peter A. and Folds-Bennett, Trisha H. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Age-related differences in speed of processing: Unconfounding age and experience},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62223},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}