@phdthesis{Doerck2007,
  author    = {Doerck, Sebastian},
  title     = {In vivo-Expression der endothelialen Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}le ICAM-1 und VCAM-1 bei der experimentellen autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis: Untersuchungen mit target-spezifischen Ultraschallkontrastmitteln},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23390},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Der adoptive Transfer myelinspezifischer, enzephalithogener T-Lymphozyten f{\"u}hrt bei Lewis-Ratten zu einer monophasisch verlaufenden Enzephalomyelitis (AT-EAE). Das Tiermodell AT-EAE ist gut geeignet, um die Transmigration von Lymphozyten {\"u}ber die Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) ins Hirngewebe zu untersuchen. Der Einwanderung aktivierter Lymphozyten in das ZNS-Parenchym geht eine komplexe Kaskade von Zell-Zell-Interaktionen zwischen Lymphozyten und Endothel der BHS voraus. Die endothelialen Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}le Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) und Vascular Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) sind entscheidend an diesem Prozess beteiligt. Mit einer k{\"u}rzlich entwickelten, ultraschallbasierte molekularen Bildgebung und Quantifizierung ist die sequentielle Messung der Molek{\"u}le ICAM-1 und VCAM-1 im Verlauf der AT-EAE am lebenden Tier m{\"o}glich. Schon vor dem Einsetzen der ersten klinischen Symptomatik zeigte sich bei den Versuchstieren ein Anstieg der Expression der Zelladh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}le ICAM-1- und VCAM-1.Diese Expression persistierte unerwartet {\"u}ber das Maximum der klinischen Symptomatik hinaus und bis in die Phasen der fr{\"u}hen Remission. Immunhistochemische F{\"a}rbungen von Gehirn und R{\"u}ckenmark best{\"a}tigten diese Expressionskinetik in situ. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnte histologisch und durchflusszytometrisch eine Persistenz CD4-positiver Lymphozyten in der fr{\"u}hen Remissionphase nachgewiesen werden. Hier war vor allem ein Anstieg der CD4- und FoxP3- positiven regulatorischen T-Zellen in der CD4 Subpopulation festzustellen. Diesen Zellen wird eine wichtige regulatorische Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Beendigung von Entz{\"u}ndungsreaktionen zugeschrieben. Ein experimentellen Beleg daf{\"u}r, dass regulatorische Zellen in den Phasen der Remission die selben Migrationswege wie proinflammatorische Zellen nutzen, ergab sich durch die Blockade von ICAM-1 mit hohen Dosen eines monoklonalen Antik{\"o}rpers. Wurde dieser AK in der Progressionsphase der Erkrankung gegeben, resultierte dies in einer signifikanten Reduktion der klinischen Symptomatik. Im Gegensatz dazu f{\"u}hrte die sp{\"a}tere Gabe des Antik{\"o}rpers in der fr{\"u}hen Remission zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung des Krankheitverlaufes. In Zusammenschau legen diese Ergebnisse die Hypothese nahe, dass Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}le wie ICAM-1 nicht nur an der Einwanderung pathogener proinflammatorischer Zellen entscheidend beteiligt sind, sondern dass sie auch die Einwanderung antiinflammorischer und regulatorischer Zellen in das ZNS erm{\"o}glichen, die f{\"u}r eine Abschw{\"a}chung der Gewebsentz{\"u}ndung und Zerst{\"o}rung wichtig sind. Therapeutische Intervention an der BHS sind auf dem Boden dieser Erkenntnisse wahrscheinlich stadienabh{\"a}ngig wirksam und k{\"o}nnten bei falschem Einsatz mehr schaden als nutzen. Molekulare Bildgebungstechniken, wie hier paradigmatisch f{\"u}r die. ultraschallbasierten SPAQ-Technologie gezeigt, werden deshalb in Zukunft f{\"u}r die Bestimmung der geeigneten Phase einer entz{\"u}ndlichen ZNS Erkrankung und damit den geeigneten Zeitpunkt f{\"u}r eine therapeutische Intervention großes Potential erlangen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DoerckGoebelWeiseetal.2010,
  author    = {Doerck, Sebastian and Goebel, Kerstin and Weise, Gesa and Schneider-Hohendorf, Tilman and Reinhardt, Michael and Hauff, Peter and Schwab, Nicholas and Linker, Ralf and Maeurer, Mathias and Meuth, Sven G. and Wiendl, Heinz},
  title     = {Temporal Pattern of ICAM-I Mediated Regulatory T Cell Recruitment to Sites of Inflammation in Adoptive Transfer Model of Multiple Sclerosis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68565},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Migration of immune cells to the target organ plays a key role in autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the exact underlying mechanisms of this active process during autoimmune lesion pathogenesis remain elusive. To test if pro-inflammatory and regulatory T cells migrate via a similar molecular mechanism, we analyzed the expression of different adhesion molecules, as well as the composition of infiltrating T cells in an in vivo model of MS, adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. We found that the upregulation of ICAM-I and VCAM-I parallels the development of clinical disease onset, but persists on elevated levels also in the phase of clinical remission. However, the composition of infiltrating T cells found in the developing versus resolving lesion phase changed over time, containing increased numbers of regulatory T cells (FoxP3) only in the phase of clinical remission. In order to test the relevance of the expression of cell adhesion molecules, animals were treated with purified antibodies to ICAM-I and VCAM-I either in the phase of active disease or in early remission. Treatment with a blocking ICAM-I antibody in the phase of disease progression led to a milder disease course. However, administration during early clinical remission aggravates clinical symptoms. Treatment with anti-VCAM-I at different timepoints had no significant effect on the disease course. In summary, our results indicate that adhesion molecules are not only important for capture and migration of pro-inflammatory T cells into the central nervous system, but also permit access of anti-inflammatory cells, such as regulatory T cells. Therefore it is likely to assume that intervention at the blood brain barrier is time dependent and could result in different therapeutic outcomes depending on the phase of CNS lesion development.},
  subject      = {Multiple Sklerose},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GabrielJirůHillmannKraftetal.2020,
  author    = {Gabriel, Katharina M. A. and J{\´i}rů-Hillmann, Steffi and Kraft, Peter and Selig, Udo and R{\"u}cker, Victoria and M{\"u}hler, Johannes and D{\"o}tter, Klaus and Keidel, Matthias and Soda, Hassan and Rascher, Alexandra and Schneider, Rolf and Pfau, Mathias and Hoffmann, Roy and Stenzel, Joachim and Benghebrid, Mohamed and Goebel, Tobias and Doerck, Sebastian and Kramer, Daniela and Haeusler, Karl Georg and Volkmann, Jens and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Fluri, Felix},
  title     = {Two years' experience of implementing a comprehensive telemedical stroke network comprising in mainly rural region: the Transregional Network for Stroke Intervention with Telemedicine (TRANSIT-Stroke)},
  series = {BMC Neurology},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {BMC Neurology},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12883-020-01676-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229214},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background Telemedicine improves the quality of acute stroke care in rural regions with limited access to specialized stroke care. We report the first 2 years' experience of implementing a comprehensive telemedical stroke network comprising all levels of stroke care in a defined region. Methods The TRANSIT-Stroke network covers a mainly rural region in north-western Bavaria (Germany). All hospitals providing acute stroke care in this region participate in TRANSIT-Stroke, including four hospitals with a supra-regional certified stroke unit (SU) care (level III), three of those providing teleconsultation to two hospitals with a regional certified SU (level II) and five hospitals without specialized SU care (level I). For a two-year-period (01/2015 to 12/2016), data of eight of these hospitals were available; 13 evidence-based quality indicators (QIs) related to processes during hospitalisation were evaluated quarterly and compared according to predefined target values between level-I- and level-II/III-hospitals. Results Overall, 7881 patients were included (mean age 74.6 years +/- 12.8; 48.4\% female). In level-II/III-hospitals adherence of all QIs to predefined targets was high ab initio. In level-I-hospitals, three patterns of QI-development were observed: a) high adherence ab initio (31\%), mainly in secondary stroke prevention; b) improvement over time (44\%), predominantly related to stroke specific diagnosis and in-hospital organization; c) no clear time trends (25\%). Overall, 10 out of 13 QIs reached predefined target values of quality of care at the end of the observation period. Conclusion The implementation of the comprehensive TRANSIT-Stroke network resulted in an improvement of quality of care in level-I-hospitals.},
  language  = {en}
}