@phdthesis{Kroner2002, author = {Kroner, Antje}, title = {Klonierung und Charakterisierung von Rezeptorkinasen der EGF- und TGF-Beta-Familie des kleinen Fuchsbandwurmes Echinococcus multilocularis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-5681}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Rezeptorkinasen spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Kommunikation von Zellen mit ihrer Umgebung und sind m{\"o}glicherweise an hormonellen Kommunikations- Mechanismen zwischen parasit{\"a}ren Helminthen und ihren S{\"a}ugetier- Wirten beteiligt. In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals eine Rezeptor- Tyrosinkinase der EGF Familie, eine Serin- Threoninkinase der TGF-\&\#61538; Familie sowie ein intrazellul{\"a}rer Signaltransduktionsfaktor der Smad- Familie aus dem Fuchsbandwurm Echinococcus multilocularis charakterisiert. Mittels degenerativer PCR und 3´/ 5´-RACE Methoden konnten drei E. multilocularis cDNAs identifiziert und vollst{\"a}ndig charakterisiert werden, welche f{\"u}r (i) eine Tyrosinkinase (EmRTK1) der EGF Rezeptor- Familie (5160 bp cDNA, 1564 Aminos{\"a}uren); (ii) eine Serin - Threoninkinase (EmRSK1) der TGF-\&\#61538;\&\#61472;Rezeptor - Familie (1892 bp cDNA, 543 Aminos{\"a}uren); und (iii) einen intrazellul{\"a}ren Signaltransduktor der Smad Familie (1530 bp cDNA, 318Aminos{\"a}uren) kodieren. Anhand von Sequenzvergleichen der abgeleiteten Aminos{\"a}uresequenzen zeigten alle drei Faktoren f{\"u}r die jeweilige Proteinfamilie typische Dom{\"a}nenstrukturen und hohe Homologien zu bereits bekannten Faktoren aus S{\"a}ugern. Der zugeh{\"o}rige chromosomale Locus wurde in allen drei F{\"a}llen vollst{\"a}ndig charakterisiert. Mit Hilfe von RT-PCR Analysen konnte die Expression von emrtk-1, emrsk-1 und emsmadA in den Larvenstadien Metacestode und Protoskolex w{\"a}hrend der Infektion des Zwischenwirtes nachgewiesen werden. Anhand dieser Daten kann vermutet werden, dass die beschriebenen Rezeptoren und EmSmadA eine wichtige Rolle in der Entwicklung des Parasiten spielen und m{\"o}glicherweise an Mechanismen der Wirt- Parasit Interaktion w{\"a}hrend der alveol{\"a}ren Echinokokkose beteiligt sind.}, language = {de} } @article{IpKronerGrohetal.2012, author = {Ip, Chi Wang and Kroner, Antje and Groh, Janos and Huber, Marianne and Klein, Dennis and Spahn, Irene and Diem, Ricarda and Williams, Sarah K. and Nave, Klaus-Armin and Edgar, Julia M. and Martini, Rudolf}, title = {Neuroinflammation by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Impairs Retrograde Axonal Transport in an Oligodendrocyte Mutant Mouse}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0042554}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134982}, pages = {e42554}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Mice overexpressing proteolipid protein (PLP) develop a leukodystrophy-like disease involving cytotoxic, CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Here we show that these cytotoxic T-lymphocytes perturb retrograde axonal transport. Using fluorogold stereotactically injected into the colliculus superior, we found that PLP overexpression in oligodendrocytes led to significantly reduced retrograde axonal transport in retina ganglion cell axons. We also observed an accumulation of mitochondria in the juxtaparanodal axonal swellings, indicative for a disturbed axonal transport. PLP overexpression in the absence of T-lymphocytes rescued retrograde axonal transport defects and abolished axonal swellings. Bone marrow transfer from wildtype mice, but not from perforin- or granzyme B-deficient mutants, into lymphocyte-deficient PLP mutant mice led again to impaired axonal transport and the formation of axonal swellings, which are predominantly located at the juxtaparanodal region. This demonstrates that the adaptive immune system, including cytotoxic T-lymphocytes which release perforin and granzyme B, are necessary to perturb axonal integrity in the PLP-transgenic disease model. Based on our observations, so far not attended molecular and cellular players belonging to the immune system should be considered to understand pathogenesis in inherited myelin disorders with progressive axonal damage.}, language = {en} } @article{SadovnickTraboulseeBernalesetal.2016, author = {Sadovnick, A. Dessa and Traboulsee, Anthony L. and Bernales, Cecily Q. and Ross, Jay P. and Forwell, Amanda L. and Yee, Irene M. and Guillot-Noel, Lena and Fontaine, Bertrand and Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle and Alcina, Antonio and Fedetz, Maria and Izquierdo, Guillermo and Matesanz, Fuencisla and Hilven, Kelly and Dubois, B{\´e}n{\´e}dicte and Goris, An and Astobiza, Ianire and Alloza, Iraide and Antig{\"u}edad, Alfredo and Vandenbroeck, Koen and Akkad, Denis A. and Aktas, Orhan and Blaschke, Paul and Buttmann, Mathias and Chan, Andrew and Epplen, Joerg T. and Gerdes, Lisa-Ann and Kroner, Antje and Kubisch, Christian and K{\"u}mpfel, Tania and Lohse, Peter and Rieckmann, Peter and Zettl, Uwe K. and Zipp, Frauke and Bertram, Lars and Lill, Christina M. and Fernandez, Oscar and Urbaneja, Patricia and Leyva, Laura and Alvarez-Cerme{\~n}o, Jose Carlos and Arroyo, Rafael and Garagorri, Aroa M. and Garc{\´i}a-Mart{\´i}nez, Angel and Villar, Luisa M. and Urcelay, Elena and Malhotra, Sunny and Montalban, Xavier and Comabella, Manuel and Berger, Thomas and Fazekas, Franz and Reindl, Markus and Schmied, Mascha C. and Zimprich, Alexander and Vilari{\~n}o-G{\"u}ell, Carles}, title = {Analysis of Plasminogen Genetic Variants in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, series = {G3: Genes Genomes Genetics}, volume = {6}, journal = {G3: Genes Genomes Genetics}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1534/g3.116.030841}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165405}, pages = {2073-2079}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological disease of complex etiology. Here, we describe the characterization of a multi-incident MS family that nominated a rare missense variant (p.G420D) in plasminogen (PLG) as a putative genetic risk factor for MS. Genotyping of PLG p.G420D (rs139071351) in 2160 MS patients, and 886 controls from Canada, identified 10 additional probands, two sporadic patients and one control with the variant. Segregation in families harboring the rs139071351 variant, identified p.G420D in 26 out of 30 family members diagnosed with MS, 14 unaffected parents, and 12 out of 30 family members not diagnosed with disease. Despite considerably reduced penetrance, linkage analysis supports cosegregation of PLG p.G420D and disease. Genotyping of PLG p.G420D in 14446 patients, and 8797 controls from Canada, France, Spain, Germany, Belgium, and Austria failed to identify significant association with disease (P = 0.117), despite an overall higher prevalence in patients (OR = 1.32; 95\% CI = 0.93-1.87). To assess whether additional rare variants have an effect on MS risk, we sequenced PLG in 293 probands, and genotyped all rare variants in cases and controls. This analysis identified nine rare missense variants, and although three of them were exclusively observed in MS patients, segregation does not support pathogenicity. PLG is a plausible biological candidate for MS owing to its involvement in immune system response, blood-brain barrier permeability, and myelin degradation. Moreover, components of its activation cascade have been shown to present increased activity or expression in MS patients compared to controls; further studies are needed to clarify whether PLG is involved in MS susceptibility.}, language = {en} }