@article{LoosKraussLyonsetal.2021, author = {Loos, Jacqueline and Krauss, Jochen and Lyons, Ashley and F{\"o}st, Stephanie and Ohlendorf, Constanze and Racky, Severin and R{\"o}der, Marina and Hudel, Lennart and Herfert, Volker and Tscharntke, Teja}, title = {Local and landscape responses of biodiversity in calcareous grasslands}, series = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, volume = {30}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, number = {8-9}, issn = {0960-3115}, doi = {10.1007/s10531-021-02201-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308595}, pages = {2415-2432}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Across Europe, calcareous grasslands become increasingly fragmented and their quality deteriorates through abandonment and land use intensification, both affecting biodiversity. Here, we investigated local and landscape effects on diversity patterns of several taxonomic groups in a landscape of highly fragmented calcareous grassland remnants. We surveyed 31 grassland fragments near G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, in spring and summer 2017 for vascular plants, butterflies and birds, with sampling effort adapted to fragment area. Through regression modelling, we tested relationships between species richness and fragment size (from 314 to 51,395 m\(^2\)), successional stage, habitat connectivity and the per cent cover of arable land in the landscape at several radii. We detected 283 plant species, 53 butterfly species and 70 bird species. Of these, 59 plant species, 19 butterfly species and 9 bird species were grassland specialists. Larger fragments supported twice the species richness of plants than small ones, and hosted more species of butterflies, but not of birds. Larger grassland fragments contained more grassland specialist plants, but not butterfly or bird specialists. Increasing amounts of arable land in the landscape from 20 to 90\% was related to the loss of a third of species of plants, and less so, of butterflies, but not of birds. Per cent cover of arable land negatively correlated to richness of grassland specialist plants and butterflies, but positively to grassland specialist birds. We found no effect by successional stages and habitat connectivity. Our multi-taxa approach highlights the need for conservation management at the local scale, complemented by measures at the landscape scale.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Birke2024, author = {Birke, Claudius B.}, title = {Low Mach and Well-Balanced Numerical Methods for Compressible Euler and Ideal MHD Equations with Gravity}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-36330}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363303}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Physical regimes characterized by low Mach numbers and steep stratifications pose severe challenges to standard finite volume methods. We present three new methods specifically designed to navigate these challenges by being both low Mach compliant and well-balanced. These properties are crucial for numerical methods to efficiently and accurately compute solutions in the regimes considered. First, we concentrate on the construction of an approximate Riemann solver within Godunov-type finite volume methods. A new relaxation system gives rise to a two-speed relaxation solver for the Euler equations with gravity. Derived from fundamental mathematical principles, this solver reduces the artificial dissipation in the subsonic regime and preserves hydrostatic equilibria. The solver is particularly stable as it satisfies a discrete entropy inequality, preserves positivity of density and internal energy, and suppresses checkerboard modes. The second scheme is designed to solve the equations of ideal MHD and combines different approaches. In order to deal with low Mach numbers, it makes use of a low-dissipation version of the HLLD solver and a partially implicit time discretization to relax the CFL time step constraint. A Deviation Well-Balancing method is employed to preserve a priori known magnetohydrostatic equilibria and thereby reduces the magnitude of spatial discretization errors in strongly stratified setups. The third scheme relies on an IMEX approach based on a splitting of the MHD equations. The slow scale part of the system is discretized by a time-explicit Godunov-type method, whereas the fast scale part is discretized implicitly by central finite differences. Numerical dissipation terms and CFL time step restriction of the method depend solely on the slow waves of the explicit part, making the method particularly suited for subsonic regimes. Deviation Well-Balancing ensures the preservation of a priori known magnetohydrostatic equilibria. The three schemes are applied to various numerical experiments for the compressible Euler and ideal MHD equations, demonstrating their ability to accurately simulate flows in regimes with low Mach numbers and strong stratification even on coarse grids.}, subject = {Magnetohydrodynamik}, language = {en} } @misc{HaufNiedingSeger2021, author = {Hauf, Juliane E. K. and Nieding, Gerhild and Seger, Benedikt T.}, title = {Correction to: The development of dynamic perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension}, series = {Cognitive Processing}, volume = {22}, journal = {Cognitive Processing}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-021-01027-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-352611}, pages = {731}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{HaufNiedingSeger2020, author = {Hauf, Juliane E. K. and Nieding, Gerhild and Seger, Benedikt T.}, title = {The development of dynamic perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension}, series = {Cognitive Processing}, volume = {21}, journal = {Cognitive Processing}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-020-00959-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283665}, pages = {197-208}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Based on an embodied account of language comprehension, this study investigated the dynamic characteristics of children and adults' perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension, using a novel paradigm to assess the perceptual simulation of objects moving up and down a vertical axis. The participants comprised adults (N = 40) and 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children (N = 116). After listening in experimental trials to sentences implying that objects moved upward or downward, the participants were shown pictures and had to decide as quickly as possible whether the objects depicted had been mentioned in the sentences. The target pictures moved either up or down and then stopped in the middle of the screen. All age groups' reaction times were found to be shorter when the objects moved in the directions that the sentences implied. Age exerted no developmental effect on reaction times. The findings suggest that dynamic perceptual simulations are fundamental to language comprehension in text recipients aged 6 and older.}, language = {en} } @article{DippellEspositoWaldmann2022, author = {Dippell, Marvin and Esposito, Chiara and Waldmann, Stefan}, title = {Deformation and Hochschild cohomology of coisotropic algebras}, series = {Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata}, volume = {201}, journal = {Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1007/s10231-021-01158-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-329069}, pages = {1295-1323}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Coisotropic algebras consist of triples of algebras for which a reduction can be defined and unify in a very algebraic fashion coisotropic reduction in several settings. In this paper, we study the theory of (formal) deformation of coisotropic algebras showing that deformations are governed by suitable coisotropic DGLAs. We define a deformation functor and prove that it commutes with reduction. Finally, we study the obstructions to existence and uniqueness of coisotropic algebras and present some geometric examples.}, language = {en} } @article{EckertBohnSpaethe2022, author = {Eckert, Johanna and Bohn, Manuel and Spaethe, Johannes}, title = {Does quantity matter to a stingless bee?}, series = {Animal Cognition}, volume = {25}, journal = {Animal Cognition}, number = {3}, issn = {1435-9448}, doi = {10.1007/s10071-021-01581-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307696}, pages = {617-629}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Quantitative information is omnipresent in the world and a wide range of species has been shown to use quantities to optimize their decisions. While most studies have focused on vertebrates, a growing body of research demonstrates that also insects such as honeybees possess basic quantitative abilities that might aid them in finding profitable flower patches. However, it remains unclear if for insects, quantity is a salient feature relative to other stimulus dimensions, or if it is only used as a "last resort" strategy in case other stimulus dimensions are inconclusive. Here, we tested the stingless bee Trigona fuscipennis, a species representative of a vastly understudied group of tropical pollinators, in a quantity discrimination task. In four experiments, we trained wild, free-flying bees on stimuli that depicted either one or four elements. Subsequently, bees were confronted with a choice between stimuli that matched the training stimulus either in terms of quantity or another stimulus dimension. We found that bees were able to discriminate between the two quantities, but performance differed depending on which quantity was rewarded. Furthermore, quantity was more salient than was shape. However, quantity did not measurably influence the bees' decisions when contrasted with color or surface area. Our results demonstrate that just as honeybees, small-brained stingless bees also possess basic quantitative abilities. Moreover, invertebrate pollinators seem to utilize quantity not only as "last resort" but as a salient stimulus dimension. Our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on quantitative cognition in invertebrate species and adds to our understanding of the evolution of numerical cognition.}, language = {en} } @article{OhlmannBoemickeBehnischetal.2022, author = {Ohlmann, Brigitte and B{\"o}micke, Wolfgang and Behnisch, Rouven and Rammelsberg, Peter and Schmitter, Marc}, title = {Variability of sleep bruxism — findings from consecutive nights of monitoring}, series = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, volume = {26}, journal = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, number = {4}, issn = {1436-3771}, doi = {10.1007/s00784-021-04314-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307645}, pages = {3459-3466}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objectives To determine sleep bruxism (SB) behavior during five consecutive nights and to identify correlations between SB episodes per hour (SB index) and sleep-time masseter-muscle activity (sMMA). Material and methods Thirty-one participants were included in the study. Of these, 10 were classified as sleep bruxers (group SB-1) and nine as non-sleep bruxers (group non-SB). The bruxism status of these 19 patients was identified by means of questionnaires, an assessment of clinical symptoms, and electromyographic/electrocardiographic data (Bruxoff® device). The remaining 12 participants were also identified as bruxers, but based exclusively on data from the Bruxoff device (group SB-2). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation to assess the relationship between the SB index and sMMA. Results Participants in group SB-1 showed an overall mean SB index of 3.1 ± 1.6 and a mean total sMMA per night of 62.9 ± 38.3. Participants in group SB-2 had an overall mean SB index of 2.7 ± 1.5 and a mean total sMMA of 56.0 ± 29.3. In the non-SB group, participants showed an overall mean SB index of 0.8 ± 0.5 and a mean total sMMA of 56.8 ± 30.3. Spearman's correlation yielded values of - 0.27 to 0.71 for the correlation between sMMA and SB index. Conclusions The data revealed variable SB activity and the absence of a reliable correlation between sMMA and the SB index. Clinical relevance The high variation in SB activity and lack of correlation between sMMA and the SB index should be considered when diagnosing SB. Trial registration Clinical Trials [NIH], clinical trial no. NCT03039985.}, language = {en} } @article{RighessoTerekhovGoetzetal.2021, author = {Righesso, L. A. R. and Terekhov, M. and G{\"o}tz, H. and Ackermann, M. and Emrich, T. and Schreiber, L. M. and M{\"u}ller, W. E. G. and Jung, J. and Rojas, J. P. and Al-Nawas, B.}, title = {Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring neovascularization during bone regeneration — a randomized in vivo study in rabbits}, series = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, volume = {25}, journal = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, number = {10}, issn = {1432-6981}, doi = {10.1007/s00784-021-03889-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307614}, pages = {5843-5854}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objectives Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histology, the current gold standard methods for assessing the formation of new bone and blood vessels, are invasive and/or destructive. With that in mind, a more conservative tool, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), was tested for its accuracy and reproducibility in monitoring neovascularization during bone regeneration. Additionally, the suitability of blood perfusion as a surrogate of the efficacy of osteoplastic materials was evaluated. Materials and methods Sixteen rabbits were used and equally divided into four groups, according to the time of euthanasia (2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery). The animals were submitted to two 8-mm craniotomies that were filled with blood or autogenous bone. Neovascularization was assessed in vivo through DCE-MRI, and bone regeneration, ex vivo, through μ-CT and histology. Results The defects could be consistently identified, and their blood perfusion measured through DCE-MRI, there being statistically significant differences within the blood clot group between 3 and 6 weeks (p = 0.029), and between the former and autogenous bone at six weeks (p = 0.017). Nonetheless, no significant correlations between DCE-MRI findings on neovascularization and μ-CT (r =-0.101, 95\% CI [-0.445; 0.268]) or histology (r = 0.305, 95\% CI [-0.133; 0.644]) findings on bone regeneration were observed. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that DCE-MRI can be used to monitor neovascularization but contradict the premise that it could predict bone regeneration as well.}, language = {en} } @article{JockelSchneiderSchlagenhaufPetsosetal.2021, author = {Jockel-Schneider, Yvonne and Schlagenhauf, Ulrich and Petsos, Hari and R{\"u}ttermann, Stefan and Schmidt, Jana and Ziebolz, Dirk and Wehner, Christian and Laky, Markus and Rott, Thea and Noack, Michael and Noack, Barbara and Lorenz, Katrin}, title = {Impact of 0.1\% octenidine mouthwash on plaque re-growth in healthy adults: a multi-center phase 3 randomized clinical trial}, series = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, volume = {25}, journal = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, number = {7}, issn = {1432-6981}, doi = {10.1007/s00784-021-03781-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307629}, pages = {4681-4689}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objectives To investigate plaque inhibition of 0.1\% octenidine mouthwash (OCT) vs. placebo over 5 days in the absence of mechanical plaque control. Materials and methods For this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multi-center phase 3 study, 201 healthy adults were recruited. After baseline recording of plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), collection of salivary samples, and dental prophylaxis, subjects were randomly assigned to OCT or placebo mouthwash in a 3:1 ratio. Rinsing was performed twice daily for 30 s. Colony forming units in saliva were determined before and after the first rinse. At day 5, PI, GI, and tooth discoloration index (DI) were assessed. Non-parametric van Elteren tests were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Treatment with OCT inhibited plaque formation more than treatment with placebo (PI: 0.36 vs. 1.29; p < 0.0001). OCT reduced GI (0.04 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.003) and salivary bacterial counts (2.73 vs. placebo 0.24 lgCFU/ml; p < 0.0001). Tooth discoloration was slightly higher under OCT (DI: 0.25 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.0011). Mild tongue staining and dysgeusia occurred. Conclusions OCT 0.1\% mouthwash inhibits plaque formation over 5 days. It therefore can be recommended when regular oral hygiene is temporarily compromised. Clinical relevance When individual plaque control is compromised, rinsing with octenidine mouthwash is recommended to maintain healthy oral conditions while side effects are limited.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ramirez2024, author = {Ramirez, Yesid A.}, title = {Structural basis of ubiquitin recognition and rational design of novel covalent inhibitors targeting Cdu1 from \(Chlamydia\) \(Trachomatis\)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19168}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191683}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The WHO-designated neglected-disease pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for the most frequently diagnosed sexually transmitted infection worldwide. CT infections can lead to infertility, blindness and reactive arthritis, among others. CT acts as an infectious agent by its ability to evade the immune response of its host, which includes the impairment of the NF-κB mediated inflammatory response and the Mcl1 pro-apoptotic pathway through its deubiquitylating, deneddylating and transacetylating enzyme ChlaDUB1 (Cdu1). Expression of Cdu1 is also connected to host cell Golgi apparatus fragmentation, a key process in CT infections. Cdu1 may this be an attractive drug target for the treatment of CT infections. However, a lead molecule for the development of novel potent inhibitors has been unknown so far. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic searches allocate Cdu1 in the CE clan of cysteine proteases. The adenovirus protease (adenain) also belongs to this clan and shares a high degree of structural similarity with Cdu1. Taking advantage of topological similarities between the active sites of Cdu1 and adenain, a target-hopping approach on a focused set of adenain inhibitors, developed at Novartis, has been pursued. The thereby identified cyano-pyrimidines represent the first active-site directed covalent reversible inhibitors for Cdu1. High-resolution crystal structures of Cdu1 in complex with the covalently bound cyano-pyrimidines as well as with its substrate ubiquitin have been elucidated. The structural data of this thesis, combined with enzymatic assays and covalent docking studies, provide valuable insights into Cdu1s activity, substrate recognition, active site pocket flexibility and potential hotspots for ligand interaction. Structure-informed drug design permitted the optimization of this cyano-pyrimidine based scaffold towards HJR108, the first molecule of its kind specifically designed to disrupt the function of Cdu1. The structures of potentially more potent and selective Cdu1 inhibitors are herein proposed. This thesis provides important insights towards our understanding of the structural basis of ubiquitin recognition by Cdu1, and the basis to design highly specific Cdu1 covalent inhibitors.}, subject = {Ubiquitin}, language = {en} }