@phdthesis{Patra2005,
  author    = {Patra, Amiya Kumar},
  title     = {Modulation of the NFAT signaling pathway by protein kinase B (PKB) ; a perspective study in the context of thymocyte development and T cell function},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-13315},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {To analyze the role of protein kinase B(PKB)on developmental and functional aspects of T cells, we have generated transgenic mouse lines expressing a constitutively active form of PKB (myrPKB) in early stages of T cell development.Peripheral CD4+ T cells from PKB tg mice are hyperreactive, more efficient in producing th1 and th2 cytokines and show faster and CD28 co-stimulation independent cell cycle progression.Interestingly PKB tg T cells are resistant to CsA treatment in proliferation and cytokine production.Further analysis show PKB tg CD4+ T cells have a drastically reduced nuclear translocation of NFAT proteins and this is due to a direct interaction between PKB and NFAT. To study whether the negative regulatiopn of NFATs by PKB affects T cell development, we analyzed double tg mice expressing both, a constitutively active version of calcineurin (dCam) and myrPKB. dCam tg mice have a severe block in thymocyte development at the DN3 stage.But in the dCam/PKB double tg mice this developmental block is significantly rescued.This rescue of thymocyte development by PKB is due to the expression of RAG1 and subsequent TCRb chain expression. CsA treatment of neonatal thymic lobes from dCam mice restores normal thymocyte development, indicating involvement of NFATs in the severe block in dCam thymocyte development.Confocal studies clearly established that compared to dCam DN cells there is a significant reduction in the nuclear levels of NFATc1 and NFATc3 in dCam/PKB cells.Downregulation of nuclear NFAT levels by myrPKB thus seems to be an essential parameter in dCam cells to proceed with normal differentiation. In summary, the data from PKB tg peripheral CD4+ T cells and dCam/PKB double tg thymocytes clearly establish PKB as an important modulator of T cell development and function and PKB as a novel negative regulator of NFAT activation.},
  subject      = {T-Lymphozyt},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DrechslerGroetzingerHermanns2012,
  author    = {Drechsler, Johannes and Groetzinger, Joachim and Hermanns, Heike M.},
  title     = {Characterization of the Rat Oncostatin M Receptor Complex Which Resembles the Human, but Differs from the Murine Cytokine Receptor},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0043155},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133879},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Evaluation of a pathophysiological role of the interleukin-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) for human diseases has been complicated by the fact that mouse models of diseases targeting either OSM or the OSM receptor (OSMR) complex cannot fully reflect the human situation. This is due to earlier findings that human OSM utilizes two receptor complexes, glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) (type I) and gp130/OSMR (type II), both with wide expression profiles. Murine OSM on the other hand only binds to the gp130/OSMR (type II) receptor complex with high affinity. Here, we characterize the receptor usage for rat OSM. Using different experimental approaches (knock-down of the OSMR expression by RNA interference, blocking of the LIFR by LIF-05, an antagonistic LIF variant and stably transfected Ba/F3 cells) we can clearly show that rat OSM surprisingly utilizes both, the type I and type II receptor complex, therefore mimicking the human situation. Furthermore, it displays cross-species activities and stimulates cells of human as well as murine origin. Its signaling capacities closely mimic those of human OSM in cell types of different origin in the way that strong activation of the Jak/STAT, the MAP kinase as well as the PI3K/Akt pathways can be observed. Therefore, rat disease models would allow evaluation of the relevance of OSM for human biology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Blank2009,
  author    = {Blank, Gregor},
  title     = {Einfluss blockierender und stimulierender CD28-spezifischer monoklonaler Antik{\"o}rper auf die Reifung und Hom{\"o}ostase von T-Zellen der Maus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37496},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Die Kostimulation {\"u}ber den CD28 Oberfl{\"a}chenrezeptor spielt eine entscheidende Rolle sowohl in der Proliferation von T-Zellen, in deren Differenzierung zu Effektorzellen, als auch in der Entwicklung und Kontrolle von regulatorischen T-Zellen. Diese Schl{\"u}sselrolle macht CD28 zu einer interessanten Zielstruktur, um den Einfluss monoklonaler Antik{\"o}rper auf die Entwicklung und Hom{\"o}ostase von T-Zellen zu analysieren. Die hier verwendeten Antik{\"o}rper lassen sich funktionell in zwei verschiedene Kategorien einteilen: zum Einen in konventionelle Antik{\"o}rper (E18 mAk), welche die physiologische Rezeptor-Liganden Interaktion blockieren, und zum Anderen in superagonistische Antik{\"o}rper (D665 mAk), die in der Lage sind ruhende T-Zellen ohne eine Ligation des T-Zell Rezeptors voll zu aktivieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte in verschiedenen in-vitro und in-vivo Experimenten gezeigt werden, dass eine Behandlung mit dem CD28 Superagonisten keinen Einfluss auf die Differenzierung von T-Zellen im Thymus nimmt, und die Zusammensetzung der einzelnen Zellpopulationen in diesem Organ unbeeinflusst bleibt. Bei Verwendung blockierender anti-Maus CD28 mAk zeigte sich in s{\"a}mtlichen Untersuchungen eine beeintr{\"a}chtigte Entwicklung von regulatorischen T-Zellen innerhalb des Thymus, w{\"a}hrend die anderen Zellpopulationen unbeeinflusst blieben. Auch in Analysen peripherer Lymphknoten lag der Anteil regulatorischer T-Zellen nach Behandlung mit E18 mAk unter den Kontrollwerten. Durch eine chronische Blockade von CD28 mittels E18 mAk ließ sich die Gesamtanzahl an Tregs in peripheren Lymphknoten, Milz und Thymus drastisch senken, ohne dass es zu einem vollst{\"a}ndigen Verschwinden dieser Zellpopulation kam. Auch die absolute Zahl an CD4 positiven T-Zellen innerhalb der peripheren Lymphknoten, Milz und Thymus der behandelten Tiere lag deutlich unter der Kontrolle. Diese Beobachtungen waren 13 Wochen nach Beendigung der Antik{\"o}rper-Applikationen vollst{\"a}ndig reversibel und zu keinem Zeitpunkt des Experimentes ergaben sich klinische oder serologische Hinweise auf die Entwicklung von Autoimmunit{\"a}t trotz niedriger Treg- Zahlen {\"u}ber mehrere Wochen.},
  subject      = {Antigen CD28},
  language  = {de}
}