@article{TomeiAdamsUccellinietal.2012,
  author    = {Tomei, Sara and Adams, Sharon and Uccellini, Lorenzo and Bedognetti, Davide and De Giorgi, Valeria and Erdenebileg, Narnygerel and Libera Ascierto, Maria and Reinboth, Jennifer and Liu, Qiuzhen and Bevilacqua, Generoso and Wang, Ena and Mazzanti, Chiara and Marincola, Francesco M.},
  title     = {Association between HRAS rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms with the risk of melanoma in the North American population},
  series = {Medical Oncology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Medical Oncology},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-012-0255-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126834},
  pages     = {3456-3461},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {HRAS belongs to the RAS genes superfamily. RAS genes are important players in several human tumors and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12628 has been shown to contribute to the risk of bladder, colon, gastrointestinal, oral, and thyroid carcinoma. We hypothesized that this SNP may affect the risk of cutaneous melanoma as well. HRAS gene contains a polymorphic region (rs112587690), a repeated hexanucleotide -GGGCCT- located in intron 1. Three alleles of this region, P1, P2, and P3, have been identified that contain two, three, and four repeats of the hexanucleotide, respectively. We investigated the clinical impact of these polymorphisms in a case-control study. A total of 141 melanoma patients and 118 healthy donors from the North America Caucasian population were screened for rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms. Genotypes were assessed by capillary sequencing or fragment analysis, respectively, and rs12628 CC and rs112587690 P1P1 genotypes significantly associated with increased melanoma risk (OR = 3.83, p = 0.003; OR = 11.3, p = 0.033, respectively), while rs112587690 P1P3 frequency resulted significantly higher in the control group (OR = 0.5, p = 0.017). These results suggest that rs12628 C homozygosis may be considered a potential risk factor for melanoma development in the North American population possibly through the linkage to rs112587690.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShenBialasHechtetal.2021,
  author    = {Shen, Chia-An and Bialas, David and Hecht, Markus and Stepanenko, Vladimir and Sugiyasu, Kazunori and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Polymorphism in squaraine dye aggregates by self-assembly pathway differentiation: panchromatic tubular dye nanorods versus J-aggregate nanosheets},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number    = {21},
  edition   = {60},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202102183},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256443},
  pages     = {11949-11958},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {A bis(squaraine) dye equipped with alkyl and oligoethyleneglycol chains was synthesized by connecting two dicyanomethylene substituted squaraine dyes with a phenylene spacer unit. The aggregation behavior of this bis(squaraine) was investigated in non-polar toluene/tetrachloroethane (98:2) solvent mixture, which revealed competing cooperative self-assembly pathways into two supramolecular polymorphs with entirely different packing structures and UV/Vis/NIR absorption properties. The self-assembly pathway can be controlled by the cooling rate from a heated solution of the monomers. For both polymorphs, quasi-equilibrium conditions between monomers and the respective aggregates can be established to derive thermodynamic parameters and insights into the self-assembly mechanisms. AFM measurements revealed a nanosheet structure with a height of 2 nm for the thermodynamically more stable polymorph and a tubular nanorod structure with a helical pitch of 13 nm and a diameter of 5 nm for the kinetically favored polymorph. Together with wide angle X-ray scattering measurements, packing models were derived: the thermodynamic polymorph consists of brick-work type nanosheets that exhibit red-shifted absorption bands as typical for J-aggregates, while the nanorod polymorph consists of eight supramolecular polymer strands of the bis(squaraine) intertwined to form a chimney-type tubular structure. The absorption of this aggregate covers a large spectral range from 550 to 875 nm, which cannot be rationalized by the conventional exciton theory. By applying the Essential States Model and considering intermolecular charge transfer, the aggregate spectrum was adequately reproduced, revealing that the broad absorption spectrum is due to pronounced donor-acceptor overlap within the bis(squaraine) nanorods. The latter is also responsible for the pronounced bathochromic shift observed for the nanosheet structure as a result of the slip-stacked arranged squaraine chromophores.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schmidt2009,
  author    = {Schmidt, Michael Alexander},
  title     = {Molekulargenetische Untersuchung des MAOA-LPR-Polymorphismus an einer Patientengruppe mit Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40860},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In mehreren klinischen und außerklinischen Populationen werden die allelischen Variationen der Monoaminoxidase-A mit aggressivem, {\"a}ngstlichem und abh{\"a}ngigem Verhalten in Verbindung gebracht. In unserer Studie haben wir den Einfluss von Allelvariationen der Monoaminoxidase-A auf aggressivit{\"a}tsassoziierte Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmale und die Erkrankungswahrscheinlichkeit f{\"u}r Probanden mit Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen untersucht. Die Hypothese ist, dass ein geschlechtsspezifischer Zusammenhang zwischen der Allelvariation mit konsekutiv geringerer Enzymaktivit{\"a}t und Cluster-B-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen nach DSM-VI, antisozialen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen, sowie den Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen „Suche nach neuen Erfahrungen" (TPQ), Neurotizismus, Vertr{\"a}glichkeit und Gewissenhaftigkeit bestehen k{\"o}nnte (NEO-PI-R). Der Genotyp des MAOA-Polymorphismus MAO-LPR wurde an 566 Patienten mit Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen und an 281 Probanden einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe untersucht. Der MAOA-LPR-Genotyp zeigt eine signifikante Korrelation mit Cluster-B-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen nach DSM-IV (chi2=7.77, p=0.005, df=1). Dabei sind 26\% der Probanden mit einer Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rung aus dem B-Cluster homo- oder hemizygot f{\"u}r den MAOA-Genotyp, der zur Auspr{\"a}gung einer Variante mit geringer Enzymaktivit{\"a}t f{\"u}hrt. Im Vergleich weisen dagegen nur 16.4\% der Probanden aus der Kontrollgruppe diesen Genotyp auf. Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Allelvariationen der MAOA-Aktivit{\"a}t und Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen, die mit impulsivem und aggressivem Verhalten in Verbindung gebracht werden, erweisen sich als unbest{\"a}ndig. Eine Korrelation mit Cluster-C-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen kann nicht nachgewiesen werden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen Hemi- und Homzygotit{\"a}t der MAOA-LPR-Variante mit konsekutiv geringer Enzymaktivit{\"a}t und Cluster-B-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen. F{\"u}r den Einfluss der mit geringerer MAOA-Aktivit{\"a}t einhergehenden Variationen des Genotyps auf Aggression, Impulsivit{\"a}t und gewaltt{\"a}tiges Verhalten beim Menschen gibt es Hinweise (Shih et al. 1999). Immer h{\"a}ufiger werden Beweise f{\"u}r ein Zusammenwirken von genetischen Determinanten und Umwelteinfl{\"u}ssen gefunden. Unsere Erkenntnisse unterst{\"u}tzen weiterhin die These, dass die genetische Determination der MAOA-Aktivit{\"a}t auch in bestimmtem Maße zur Auspr{\"a}gung des Gleichgewichts zwischen hyper- (impulsiv-aggressiv) und hyporeaktivem ({\"a}ngstlich-depressiv) Verhalten beitr{\"a}gt.},
  subject      = {Monoaminoxidase},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schmid2006,
  author    = {Schmid, Jan Stefan},
  title     = {Einfluss des Interleukin-6 -174 G->C Genpolymorphismus auf die Akutphase-Reaktion bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20721},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Chronisch nierenkranke Menschen weisen im Vergleich zur gesunden Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung eine stark erh{\"o}hte Pr{\"a}valenz f{\"u}r kardiovaskul{\"a}re Erkrankungen auf. Die j{\"a}hrliche kardiovaskul{\"a}re Mortalit{\"a}t ist nach statistischer Korrektur des Mortalit{\"a}tsrisikos f{\"u}r Alter, Geschlecht und Diabetes mellitus um 10 bis 20fach h{\"o}her als in der gesunden Bev{\"o}lkerung. Chronische Inflammationsprozesse spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Atherogenese und stehen in enger Assoziation zum erh{\"o}hten kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risiko sowie zur erh{\"o}hten kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Mortalit{\"a}t. Akutphaseproteinen - insbesondere dem C-reaktiven Protein - kommen als Marker chronischer Inflammationsprozesse in der Pr{\"a}diktion kardiovaskul{\"a}rer Ereignisse eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Bisherige Studien f{\"u}hren zum Ergebnis einer 35 - 40 \%igen Heritabilit{\"a}t des CRP-Baselinespiegels und weisen Interleukin-6 als zentralen Regulator der CRP-Genexpression bzw. der Akutphase-Reaktion aus. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der genannten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse resultierte die Aufgabenstellung dieser Arbeit in der Untersuchung des Interleukin-6 -174 G->C Poly-morphismus hinsichtlich seines vorstellbaren Einflusses auf die Akutphase-Reaktion in einem chronisch nierenkranken, nicht dialysepflichtigen Patientenkollektiv (n = 224). Die Genotypisierung erfolgte durch Heteroduplexanalyse. In der Zusammenschau lassen die erzielten Resultate aus der Sicht eines kodominanten bzw. dominant-rezessiven Modells den Schluss zu, dass der Interleukin-6 -174 G->C Polymorphismus keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Modulation der Akutphase-Reaktion sowie auf ein erh{\"o}htes kardiovaskul{\"a}res Risiko nimmt. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang konnte allerdings zwischen bestehender koronarer Herzkrankheit bzw. peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit und erh{\"o}hten CRP-, Fibrinogen-, Kreatinin-, Harnstoff-Spiegeln bzw. erniedrigter Kreatininclearance nachgewiesen werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Rueppell2000,
  author    = {R{\"u}ppell, Olav},
  title     = {Queen size dimorphism in ants},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-1914},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Many polymorphisms are linked to alternative reproductive strategies. In animals, this is particularly common in males. Ant queens are an important exception. The case of ant queen size dimorphisms has not been studied in sufficient detail, and thus this thesis aimed at elucidating causes and consequences of the different size of small (microgynous) and large (macrogynous)ant queens using the North American ant species Leptothorax rugatulus as a model system. Employing neutral genetic markers, no evidence for a taxonomically relevant separation of the gene pools of macrogynes and microgynes was found. Queens in polygynous colonies were highly related to each other, supporting the hypothesis that colonies with more than one queen commonly arise by secondary polygyny, i.e. by the adoption of daughter queens into their natal colonies. These results and conclusions are also true for the newly discovered queen size polymorphism in Leptothorax cf. andrei. Several lines of evidence favor the view that macrogynes predominantly found their colonies independently, while microgynes are specialized for dependent colony founding by readoption. Under natural conditions, mother and daughter size are highly correlated and this is also true for laboratory colonies. However, the size of developing queens is influenced by queens present in the colony. Comparing populations across the distribution range, it turns out that queen morphology (head width and ovariole number) is more differentiated among populations than worker morphology (coloration, multivariate size and shape), colony characteristics (queen and worker number per colony) or neutral genetic variation. Northern and southern populations differed consistently which indicates the possibility of two different species. The queen size dimorphism in L. rugatulus did neither influence the sex ratio produced by a colony, nor its ratio of workers to gynes. However, the sex ratio covaried strongly across populations with the average number of queens per colony in accordance with sex ratio theory. At the colony level, sex ratio could not be explained by current theory and a hypothesis at the colony-level was suggested. Furthermore, queen body size has no significant influence on the amount of reproductive skew among queens. Generally, the skew in L. rugatulus is low, and supports incomplete control models, rather than the classic skew models. In eight of fourteen mixed or microgynous colonies, the relative contributions of individual queens to workers, gynes and males were significantly different. This was mainly due to the fact that relative body size was negatively correlated with the ratio of gynes to workers produced. This supports the kin conflict over caste determination hypothesis which views microgyny as a selfish reproductive tactic.},
  subject      = {Ameisen},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MitchellMacarthurGanetal.2014,
  author    = {Mitchell, Anna L. and Macarthur, Katie D. R. and Gan, Earn H. and Baggott, Lucy E. and Wolff, Anette S. B. and Skinningsrud, Beate and Platt, Hazel and Short, Andrea and Lobell, Anna and Kampe, Olle and Bensing, Sophie and Betterle, Corrado and Kasperlik-Zaluska, Anna and Zurawek, Magdalena and Fichna, Marta and Kockum, Ingrid and Eriksson, Gabriel Nordling and Ekwall, Olov and Wahlberg, Jeanette and Dahlqvist, Per and Hulting, Anna-Lena and Penna-Martinez, Marissa and Meyer, Gesine and Kahles, Heinrich and Badenhoop, Klaus and Hahner, Stephanie and Quinkler, Marcus and Falorni, Alberto and Phipps-Green, Amanda and Merriman, Tony R. and Ollier, William and Cordell, Heather J. and Undlien, Dag and Czarnocka, Barbara and Husebye, Eystein and Pearce, Simon H. S.},
  title     = {Association of Autoimmune Addison's Disease with Alleles of STAT4 and GATA3 in European Cohorts},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0088991},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117105},
  pages     = {e88991},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Gene variants known to contribute to Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) susceptibility include those at the MHC, MICA, CIITA, CTLA4, PTPN22, CYP27B1, NLRP-1 and CD274 loci. The majority of the genetic component to disease susceptibility has yet to be accounted for. Aim: To investigate the role of 19 candidate genes in AAD susceptibility in six European case-control cohorts. Methods: A sequential association study design was employed with genotyping using Sequenom iPlex technology. In phase one, 85 SNPs in 19 genes were genotyped in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts (691 AAD, 715 controls). In phase two, 21 SNPs in 11 genes were genotyped in German, Swedish, Italian and Polish cohorts (1264 AAD, 1221 controls). In phase three, to explore association of GATA3 polymorphisms with AAD and to determine if this association extended to other autoimmune conditions, 15 SNPs in GATA3 were studied in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts, 1195 type 1 diabetes patients from Norway, 650 rheumatoid arthritis patients from New Zealand and in 283 UK Graves' disease patients. Meta-analysis was used to compare genotype frequencies between the participating centres, allowing for heterogeneity. Results: We report significant association with alleles of two STAT4 markers in AAD cohorts (rs4274624: P = 0.00016; rs10931481: P = 0.0007). In addition, nominal association of AAD with alleles at GATA3 was found in 3 patient cohorts and supported by meta-analysis. Association of AAD with CYP27B1 alleles was also confirmed, which replicates previous published data. Finally, nominal association was found at SNPs in both the NF-kappa B1 and IL23A genes in the UK and Italian cohorts respectively. Conclusions: Variants in the STAT4 gene, previously associated with other autoimmune conditions, confer susceptibility to AAD. Additionally, we report association of GATA3 variants with AAD: this adds to the recent report of association of GATA3 variants with rheumatoid arthritis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KressHuettenhoferLandryetal.2013,
  author    = {Kress, Michaela and H{\"u}ttenhofer, Alexander and Landry, Marc and Kuner, Rohini and Favereaux, Alexandre and Greenberg, David and Bednarik, Josef and Heppenstall, Paul and Kronenberg, Florian and Malcangio, Marzia and Rittner, Heike and {\"U}{\c{c}}eyler, Nurcan and Trajanoski, Zlatko and Mouritzen, Peter and Birklein, Frank and Sommer, Claudia and Soreq, Hermona},
  title     = {microRNAs in nociceptive circuits as predictors of future clinical applications},
  series = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience},
  number    = {33},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnmol.2013.00033},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154597},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Neuro-immune alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, and non-coding RNAs - and microRNAs (miRNAs) in particular - regulate both immune and neuronal processes. Specifically, miRNAs control macromolecular complexes in neurons, glia and immune cells and regulate signals used for neuro-immune communication in the pain pathway. Therefore, miRNAs may be hypothesized as critically important master switches modulating chronic pain. In particular, understanding the concerted function of miRNA in the regulation of nociception and endogenous analgesia and defining the importance of miRNAs in the circuitries and cognitive, emotional and behavioral components involved in pain is expected to shed new light on the enigmatic pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, migraine and complex regional pain syndrome. Specific miRNAs may evolve as new druggable molecular targets for pain prevention and relief. Furthermore, predisposing miRNA expression patterns and inter-individual variations and polymorphisms in miRNAs and/or their binding sites may serve as biomarkers for pain and help to predict individual risks for certain types of pain and responsiveness to analgesic drugs. miRNA-based diagnostics are expected to develop into hands-on tools that allow better patient stratification, improved mechanism-based treatment, and targeted prevention strategies for high risk individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kelber2009,
  author    = {Kelber, Christina},
  title     = {The olfactory system of leafcutting ants: neuroanatomy and the correlation to social organization},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47769},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In leaf-cutting ants (genera Atta and Acromyrmex), the worker caste exhibits a pronounced size-polymorphism, and division of labor is largely dependent on worker size (alloethism). Behavioral studies have shown a rich diversity of olfactory-guided behaviors, and the olfactory system seems to be highly developed and very sensitive. To allow fine-tuned behavioral responses to different tasks, adaptations within the olfactory system of different sized workers are expected. In a recent study, two different phenotypes of the antennal lobe of Atta vollenweideri workers were found: MG- and RG-phenotype (with and without a macroglomerulus, MG). The existence of the macroglomerulus is correlated to the body size of workers, with small workers showing the RG-phenotype and large workers showing the MG-phenotype. In the MG, the information about the releaser component of the trail-pheromone is processed. In the first part of my PhD-project, I focus on quantifying behavioral differences between different sized workers in Atta vollenweideri. The study analyzes the trail following behavior; which can be generally performed by all workers. An artificial trail consisting of the releaser component of the trail-pheromone in decreasing concentration was used to test the trail-following performance of individual workers. The trail-following performance of the polymorphic workers is depended of the existence of the MG in the antennal lobe. Workers possessing the MG-phenotype were significantly better in following a decreasing trail then workers showing the RG-phenotype. In the second part I address the question if there are more structural differences, besides the MG, in the olfactory system of different sized workers. Therefore I analyze whether the glomerular numbers are related to worker size. The antennal lobes of small workers contain ~390 glomeruli (low-number; LN-phenotype), and in large workers I found a substantially higher number of ~440 glomeruli (high-number; HN-phenotype). All LN-phenotype workers and some of the small HN-phenotype workers do not possess an MG (LN-RG-phenotype and HN-RG-phenotype) at all, whereas the remaining majority of HN-phenotype workers do possess an MG (HN-MG-phenotype). Mass-stainings of antennal olfactory receptor neurons revealed that the sensory tracts divide the antennal lobe into six clusters of glomeruli (T1-T6). In the T4-cluster ~50 glomeruli are missing in the LN-phenotype workers. Selective staining of single sensilla and their associated receptor neurons showed that T4-glomeruli are innervated by receptor neurons from the main type of olfactory sensilla, the Sensilla trichodea curvata which are also projecting to glomeruli in all other clusters. The other type of olfactory sensilla, the Sensilla basiconica, exclusively innervates T6-glomeruli. Quantitative analyses revealed a correlation between the number of Sensilla basiconica and the volume of T6 glomeruli in different sized workers. The results of both behavioral and neuroanatomical studies in Atta vollenweideri suggest that developmental plasticity of antennal-lobe phenotypes promotes differences in olfactory-guided behavior which may underlie task specialization within ant colonies. The last part of my project focuses on the evolutionary origin of the macroglomerulus and the number of glomeruli in the antennal lobe. I compared the number, volumes and position of the glomeruli of the antennal lobe of 25 different species from all three major Attini groups (lower, higher and leaf-cutting Attini). The antennal lobes of all investigated Attini comprise a high number of glomeruli (257-630). The highest number was found in Apterostigma cf. mayri. This species is at a basal position within the Attini phylogeny, and a high number of glomeruli might have been advantageous in the evolution of the advanced olfactory systems of this Taxa. The macroglomerulus can be found in all investigated leaf-cutting Attini, but in none of the lower and higher Attini species. It is found only in large workers, and is located close to the entrance of the antennal nerve in all investigated species. The results indicate that the presence of a macroglomerulus in large workers of leaf-cutting Attini is a derived overexpression of a trait in the polymorphic leaf-cutting species. It presumably represents an olfactory adaptation to elaborate foraging and mass recruitment systems, and adds to the complexity of division of labor and social organization known for this group.},
  subject      = {Gehirn},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JuhaszGondaHullametal.2015,
  author    = {Juhasz, Gabriella and Gonda, Xenia and Hullam, Gabor and Eszlari, Nora and Kovacs, David and Lazary, Judit and Pap, Dorottya and Petschner, Peter and Elliott, Rebecca and Deakin, John Francis William and Muir Anderson, Ian and Antal, Peter and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Bagdy, Gyorgy},
  title     = {Variability in the effect of 5-HTTLPR on depression in a large European population: the role of age, symptom profile, type and intensity of life stressors},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0116316},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143703},
  pages     = {e0116316},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Although 5-HTTLPR has been shown to influence the risk of life stress-induced depression in the majority of studies, others have produced contradictory results, possibly due to weak effects and/or sample heterogeneity. Methods In the present study we investigated how age, type and intensity of life-stressors modulate the effect of 5-HTTLPR on depression and anxiety in a European population cohort of over 2300 subjects. Recent negative life events (RLE), childhood adversity (CHA), lifetime depression, Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI) depression and anxiety scores were determined in each subject. Besides traditional statistical analysis we calculated Bayesian effect strength and relevance of 5-HTTLPR genotypes in specified models. Results The short (s) low expressing allele showed association with increased risk of depression related phenotypes, but all nominally significant effects would turn to non-significant after correction for multiple testing in the traditional analysis. Bayesian effect strength and relevance analysis, however, confirmed the role of 5-HTTLPR. Regarding current (BSI) and lifetime depression 5-HTTLPR-by-RLE interactions were confirmed. Main effect, with other words direct association, was supported with BSI anxiety. With more frequent RLE the prevalence or symptoms of depression increased in ss carriers. Although CHA failed to show an interaction with 5-HTTLPR, in young subjects CHA sensitized towards the depression promoting effect of even mild RLE. Furthermore, the direct association of anxiety with the s allele was driven by young (\(\leq\)30) individuals. Limitations Our study is cross-sectional and applies self-report questionnaires. Conclusions Albeit 5-HTTLPR has only weak/moderate effects, the s allele is directly associated with anxiety and modulates development of depression in homogeneous subgroups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Huennerkopf2005,
  author    = {H{\"u}nnerkopf, Regina},
  title     = {Assoziationsstudien von Kandidatengenen (VMAT2, DAT, BDNF) mit Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-15049},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Mit Hilfe von Assoziationsstudien wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit versucht, die Rolle verschiedener Kandidatengene (vesikul{\"a}rer Monoamintransporter VMAT2, Dopamintransporter DAT, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BDNF) bei Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen n{\"a}her zu beleuchten. C. Robert Cloninger postuliert in seiner biosozialen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitstheorie eine genetische Grundlage von Temperamentfaktoren, die im dopaminergen, serotoninergen und noradrenergen Transmittersystem zu finden sei. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher untersucht, ob Gene in Schl{\"u}sselpositionen monoaminerger Transmittersysteme - das Gen des vesikul{\"a}ren Monoamintransporters und des Dopamintransporters - die Auspr{\"a}gung von Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsfaktoren beeinflussen. Außerdem wurde nach einer Assoziation von Genvarianten des vesikul{\"a}ren Monoamintransporters mit suizidalem Verhalten und der Panikst{\"o}rung geforscht. Weiterhin flossen Ergebnisse zum Dopaminrezeptor D4 und zum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ein. In dieser Arbeit konnte ein Zusammenwirken von Genvarianten des vesikul{\"a}ren Monoamintransporters und des Dopaminrezeptors D4 auf die Auspr{\"a}gung der Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsdimension TPQ-Novelty Seeking (F2,244 = 3,851, p = 0,023) gezeigt werden. Auch ergab sich, dass die Gene des Dopamintransporters und des Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factors die Dimensionen TPQ-Harm Avoidance (F1,266 = 6,868, p = 0,009) und NEO-PI-R-Neurotizismus (F1,266 = 6,027, p = 0,015) modulieren. Letztgenannte Ergebnisse weisen deutlich darauf hin, dass mehrere Gene bei der Auspr{\"a}gung von Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsdimensionen interagieren, die mit {\"a}ngstlichem und depressivem Verhalten in Verbindung stehen. Da Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsz{\"u}ge die Entstehung von suizidalem Verhalten und die Entwicklung von Angsterkrankungen beeinflussen und weil diese Verhaltensabnormit{\"a}ten entscheidend durch monoaminerge Prozesse modifiziert werden, wurde auch nach einer Assoziation von Varianten des vesikul{\"a}ren Monoamintransporters mit dem Suizid und der Panikst{\"o}rung gesucht. In beiden F{\"a}llen fielen die Ergebnisse negativ aus. Eine m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rung daf{\"u}r ist, dass der vesikul{\"a}re Monoamintransporter urs{\"a}chlich nicht in Zusammenhang mit suizidalem Verhalten und der Panikst{\"o}rung steht. M{\"o}glicherweise spielt jedoch nur der hier untersuchte allelische Marker keine Rolle. Andere polymorphe Regionen dieses Gens k{\"o}nnten dagegen die Entwicklung solcher Verhaltensabnormit{\"a}ten beg{\"u}nstigen. Auch k{\"o}nnen Einschr{\"a}nkungen, die durch das Studiendesign bedingt waren, f{\"u}r die hier beschriebenen Resultate verantwortlich sein. Die Bereitschaft zu suizidalem Verhalten wird - nach zahlreichen Studienergebnissen - ganz entscheidend von Prozessen im serotoninergen System gepr{\"a}gt. Bei der Ausbildung der Panikst{\"o}rung wirken verschiedene monoaminerge Neurotransmitter, wie Noradrenalin, Dopamin und Serotonin zusammen. So scheint der vesikul{\"a}re Monoamintransporter, der zu all diesen {\"U}bertr{\"a}gerstoffen eine Affinit{\"a}t besitzt, nach wie vor in diesem Zusammenhang ein interessantes Kandidatengen. Zuk{\"u}nftig sind Untersuchungen in Form von familienbasierten Studien oder Zwillings-Adoptionsstudien n{\"o}tig, um weiterf{\"u}hrende Erkenntnisse zur genetischen Grundlage von suizidalem Verhalten und der Panikst{\"o}rung zu gewinnen. TPQ: Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire; Cloninger, 1987 NEO-PI-R: NEO-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsinventar, revidiert; Costa, McCrae, 1992},
  language  = {de}
}