@article{AintablianStrozniakHeueretal.2023,
  author    = {Aintablian, Arpa and Strozniak, Sandra and Heuer, Marion and Lutz, Manfred B.},
  title     = {M-MDSC in vitro generation from mouse bone marrow with IL-3 reveals high expression and functional activity of arginase 1},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130600},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317769},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent major regulators of immune responses, which can control T cells via their inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)- and arginase 1 (Arg1)-mediated effector functions. While GM-CSF is well documented to promote MDSC development, little is known about this potential of IL-3, an established growth factor for mast cells. Here, we show that IL-3, similar to GM-CSF, generates monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) from murine bone marrow (BM) cells after 3 days of in vitro culture. At this time point, predominantly CD11b+ CD49a+ monocytic and CD11b+ CD49a- FcεR I- neutrophilic cells were detectable, while CD11blow/neg FcεR I+ mast cells accumulated only after extended culture periods. Both growth factors were equivalent in generating M-MDSC with respect to phenotype, cell yield and typical surface markers. However, IL-3 generated M-MDSC produced less TNF, IL-1β and IL-10 after activation with LPS + IFN-γ but showed higher Arg1 expression compared to GM-CSF generated M-MDSC. Arg1 was further induced together with iNOS after MDSC activation. Accordingly, an increased Arg1-dependent suppressor activity by the IL-3 generated M-MDSC was observed using respective iNOS and Arg1 inhibitors. Together, these data indicate that M-MDSC can be generated in vitro by IL-3, similar to GM-CSF, but with increased Arg1 expression and Arg1-mediated suppression capacity. This protocol now allows further in vitro studies on the role of IL-3 for MDSC biology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LutzStroblSchuleretal.2017,
  author    = {Lutz, Manfred B. and Strobl, Herbert and Schuler, Gerold and Romani, Nikolaus},
  title     = {GM-CSF monocyte-derived cells and Langerhans cells as part of the dendritic cell family},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  number    = {1388},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2017.01388},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158730},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14\(^{+}\) peripheral blood monocytes. Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). The novel ontogenetic findings opened discussions on the terminology of DCs versus Mphs. Here, we bring forward arguments to facilitate definitions of BM-DCs, MoDCs, and LCs. We propose a group model of terminology for all DC subsets that attempts to encompass both ontogeny and function.},
  language  = {en}
}