@article{SpinnerWilleSchwerdtfegeretal.2015,
  author    = {Spinner, Christoph D and Wille, Florian and Schwerdtfeger, Christiane and Thies, Philipp and Tanase, Ursula and Von Figura, Guido and Schmid, Roland M and Heinz, Werner J and Klinker, Hartwig Hf},
  title     = {Pharmacokinetics of chewed vs. swallowed raltegravir in a patient with AIDS and MAI infection: some new conflicting data},
  series = {AIDS Research and Therapy},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {AIDS Research and Therapy},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12981-014-0041-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144058},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: While HIV, AIDS and atypical Mycobacterium infections are closely linked, the use of Integrase-Inhibitor based cART, notably raltegravir-based regimens is more widespread. RAL should be double-dosed to 800 mg semi-daily in situation of rifampicin co-medication, because RAL is more rapidly metabolized due to rifampicin-induced Uridine-5'-diphosph-gluronosyl-transferase (UGT1A1). Recently, it was speculated that chewed RAL might lead to increased absorption, which might compensate the inductive effect of rifampicin-rapid metabolized RAL, as part of cost-saving effects in countries with high-tuberculosis prevalence and less economic power. Methods: We report measurement of raltegravir pharmacokinetics in a 34-year AIDS-patient suffering from disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection with necessity of parenteral rifampicin treatment. RAL levels were measured with HPLC (internal standard: carbamazepine, LLQ 11 ng/ml, validation with Valistat 2.0 program (Arvecon, Germany)). For statistical analysis, a two-sided Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples was used. Results: High intra-personal variability in raltegravir serum levels was seen. Comparable C\(_{max}\) concentrations were found for 800 mg chewed and swallowed RAL, as well as for 400 mg chewed and swallowed RAL. While C\(_{max}\) seems to be more dependent from overall RAL dosing than from swallowed or chewed tablets, increased AUC(12) is clearly linked to higher RAL dosages per administration. Anyway, chewed raltegravir showed a rapid decrease in serum levels. Conclusions: We found no evidence that chewed 400 mg semi-daily raltegravir in rifampicin co-medication leads to optimized pharmacokinetics. There is need for more data from randomized trials for further recommendations.},
  language  = {en}
}