@article{KrausHackenbergShehataDieleretal.2022,
  author    = {Kraus, Fabian and Hackenberg, Stephan and Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa and Hagen, Rudolf},
  title     = {High-sensitivity FEES\(^{®}\) with the professional image enhancement technology "PIET"},
  series = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
  volume    = {279},
  journal   = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1434-4726},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00405-021-07067-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266822},
  pages     = {293-298},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Purpose Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES\(^{®}\)) is a standard diagnostic tool in dysphagia. The combination of FEES® and narrow band light (narrow band imaging; NBI) provides a more precise and detailed investigation method. So far, this technique could only be performed with the NBI illumination. The new version of the "professional image enhancement technique" (PIET) provides another image enhancing system. This study investigates the eligibility of PIET in the FEES\(^{®}\) procedure. Methods Both techniques, NBI and PIET, were compared using a target system. Furthermore, the image enhancement during FEES\(^{®}\) was performed and recorded with the two systems during daily routine. Results Performing an image enhancement during FEES\(^{®}\) is possible with both systems PIET and NBI. On the target system, the contrast of the PIET showed a brighter and a more detailed picture. In dysphagia patients, no difference between PIET and NBI was detected. Conclusion PIET proved to be non-inferior to NBI during image enhancement FEES\(^{®}\). So far, image enhancement FEES\(^{®}\) was exclusively connected to NBI. With the PIET system, an alternative endoscopy technology is available for certain indications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmithBrayHoffmanetal.2015,
  author    = {Smith, Craig J. and Bray, Benjamin D. and Hoffman, Alex and Meisel, Andreas and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Wolfe, Charles D. A. and Tyrrell, Pippa J. and Rudd, Anthony G.},
  title     = {Can a novel clinical risk score improve pneumonia prediction in acute stroke care? A UK multicenter cohort study},
  series = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1161/JAHA.114.001307},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144602},
  pages     = {e001307},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Pneumonia frequently complicates stroke and has amajor impact on outcome. We derived and internally validated a simple clinical risk score for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), and compared the performance with an existing score (A\(^{2}\)DS\(^{2}\)). Methods and Results We extracted data for patients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme multicenter UK registry. The data were randomly allocated into derivation (n=11 551) and validation (n=11 648) samples. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to the derivation data to predict SAP in the first 7 days of admission. The characteristics of the score were evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (discrimination) and by plotting predicted versus observed SAP frequency in deciles of risk (calibration). Prevalence of SAP was 6.7\% overall. The final 22-point score (ISAN: prestroke Independence [modified Rankin scale], Sex, Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) exhibited good discrimination in the ischemic stroke derivation (C-statistic 0.79; 95\% CI 0.77 to 0.81) and validation (C-statistic 0.78; 95\% CI 0.76 to 0.80) samples. It was well calibrated in ischemic stroke and was further classified into meaningful risk groups (low 0 to 5, medium6 to 10, high 11 to 14, and very high >= 15) associated with SAP frequencies of 1.6\%, 4.9\%, 12.6\%, and 26.4\%, respectively, in the validation sample. Discrimination for both scores was similar, although they performed less well in the intracerebral hemorrhage patients with an apparent ceiling effect. Conclusions The ISAN score is a simple tool for predicting SAP in clinical practice. External validation is required in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cohorts.},
  language  = {en}
}