@article{StoreyStaplinHaynesetal.2018,
  author    = {Storey, Benjamin C. and Staplin, Natalie and Haynes, Richard and Reith, Christina and Emberson, Jonathan and Herrington, William G. and Wheeler, David C. and Walker, Robert and Fellstr{\"o}m, Bengt and Wanner, Christoph and Landray, Martin J. and Baigent, Colin},
  title     = {Lowering LDL cholesterol reduces cardiovascular risk independently of presence of inflammation},
  series = {Kidney International},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Kidney International},
  organization    = {The SHARP Collaborative Group},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.011},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240067},
  pages     = {1000-1007},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Markers of inflammation, including plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and it has been suggested that this association is causal. However, the relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular disease has not been extensively studied in patients with chronic kidney disease. To evaluate this, we used data from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) to assess associations between circulating CRP and LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of vascular and non-vascular outcomes. Major vascular events were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiac death, stroke or arterial revascularization, with an expanded outcome of vascular events of any type. Higher baseline CRP was associated with an increased risk of major vascular events (hazard ratio per 3x increase 1.28; 95\% confidence interval 1.19-1.38). Higher baseline LDL cholesterol was also associated with an increased risk of major vascular events (hazard ratio per 0.6 mmol/L higher LDL cholesterol; 1.14, 1.06-1.22). Higher baseline CRP was associated with an increased risk of a range of non-vascular events (1.16, 1.12-1.21), but there was a weak inverse association between baseline LDL cholesterol and non-vascular events (0.96, 0.92-0.99). The efficacy of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin/ezetimibe on major vascular events, in the randomized comparison, was similar irrespective of CRP concentration at baseline. Thus, decisions to offer statin-based therapy to patients with chronic kidney disease should continue to be guided by their absolute risk of atherosclerotic events. Estimation of such risk may include plasma biomarkers of inflammation, but there is no evidence that the relative beneficial effects of reducing LDL cholesterol depends on plasma CRP concentration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrieterJeyaseelanRuethetal.2021,
  author    = {Krieter, Detlef H. and Jeyaseelan, Jarline and R{\"u}th, Marieke and Lemke, Horst-Dieter and Wanner, Christoph and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Clinical hemocompatibility of double-filtration lipoprotein apheresis comparing polyethersulfone and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer membranes},
  series = {Artificial Organs},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Artificial Organs},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.1111/aor.13944},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258307},
  pages     = {1104-1113},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Activation of the complement system and leukocytes by blood-membrane interactions may further promote arteriosclerosis typically present in patients on lipoprotein apheresis. As clinical data on the hemocompatibility of lipoprotein apheresis are scarce, a controlled clinical study comparing two different types of plasma separation and fractionation membranes used in double-filtration lipoprotein apheresis was urgently needed, as its outcome may influence clinical decision-making. In a prospective, randomized, crossover controlled trial, eight patients on double-filtration lipoprotein apheresis were subjected to one treatment with recent polyethersulfone (PES) plasma separation and fractionation membranes and one control treatment using a set of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) membranes. White blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PC) counts, complement factor C5a and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) concentrations were determined in samples drawn at defined times from different sites of the extracorporeal blood and plasma circuit. With a nadir at 25 minutes, WBCs in EVAL decreased to 33.5 ± 10.7\% of baseline compared with 63.8 ± 22.0\% at 20 minutes in PES (P < .001). The maximum C5a levels in venous blood reentering the patients were measured at 30 minutes, being 30.0 ± 11.2 µg/L with EVAL and 12.3 ± 9.0 µg/L with PES (P < .05). The highest C5a concentrations were found in plasma after the plasma filters (EVAL 56.1 ± 22.0 µg/L at 15 minutes vs PES 23.3 ± 15.2 µg/L at 10 minutes; P < .001). PC did not significantly decrease over time with both membrane types, whereas TAT levels did not rise until the end of the treatment without differences between membranes. Regarding lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol removal, both membrane sets performed equally. Compared with EVAL, PES membranes cause less leukocyte and complement system activation, the classical parameters of hemocompatibility of extracorporeal treatment procedures, at identical treatment efficacy. Better hemocompatibility may avoid inflammation-promoting effects through blood-material interactions in patients requiring double-filtration lipoprotein apheresis.},
  language  = {en}
}