@article{KuemmelLindenberger2020, author = {K{\"u}mmel, Reiner and Lindenberger, Dietmar}, title = {Energy in Growth Accounting and the Aggregation of Capital and Output}, series = {Biophysical Economics and Sustainability}, volume = {5}, journal = {Biophysical Economics and Sustainability}, doi = {10.1007/s41247-020-00068-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241135}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We review the physical aggregation of value added and capital in terms of work performance and information processing and its relation to the deflated monetary time series of output and capital. In growth accounting it complements the time series of labor and energy, measured in hours worked per year and kilowatt-hours consumed per year, respectively. This aggregation is the conceptual basis on which those energy-dependent production functions have been constructed that reproduce economic growth of major industrial countries in the 20th century with small residuals and output elasticities that are for energy much larger and for labor much smaller than the cost shares of these factors. Accounting for growth in such a way, which deviates from that of mainstream economics, may serve as a first step towards integrating the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics into economics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schuerger2024, author = {Sch{\"u}rger, Peter}, title = {Information-Theoretical Studies on Time-Dependent Quantum Systems}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-35221}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-352215}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this thesis, we apply the information-theoretic approach in the context of quantum dynamics and wave packet motion: Information-theoretic measures are calculated from position and momentum densities, which are obtained from time-dependent quantum wave functions. The aim of this thesis is to benchmark, analyze and interpret these quantities and relate their features to the wave packet dynamics. Firstly, this is done for the harmonic oscillator (HO) with and without static disorder. In the unperturbed HO, the analytical study of coherent and squeezed states reveals time-dependent entropy expressions related to the localization of the wave function. In the disordered HO, entropies from classical and quantum dynamics are compared for short and long times. In the quantum case, imprints of wave packet revivals are found in the entropy. Then, the energy dependence of the entropy for very long times is discussed. Secondly, this is donefor correlated electron-nuclear motion. Here, entropies derived from the total, electronic and nuclear density, respectively, are calculated in position and momentum space for weak and strong adiabatic electronic coupling. The correlation between electron and nucleus is investigated using different correlation measures, where some of these functions are sensitive to the nodal structure of the wave function. An analytic ansatz to interpret the information-theoretical quantities is applied as well.}, subject = {St{\"o}rungstheorie}, language = {en} } @article{WaelbroeckCamusTastenoyetal.1993, author = {Waelbroeck, M. and Camus, J. and Tastenoy, M. and Lambrecht, G. and Mutschler, E. and Kropfgans, M. and Sperlich, J. and Wiesenberger, F. and Tacke, R. and Christophe, J.}, title = {Thermodynamics of antagonist binding to rat muscarinic \(M_2\) receptors: antimuscarinics of the pridinol, sila-pridinol, diphenidol and sila-diphenidol type}, series = {British Journal of Pharmacology}, volume = {109}, journal = {British Journal of Pharmacology}, number = {2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128439}, pages = {360-370}, year = {1993}, abstract = {1 We studied the effect of temperature on the binding to rat heart \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors of antagonists related to the carbon/silicon pairs pridinol/sila-pridinol and diphenidol/sila-diphenidol (including three germanium compounds) and six structurally related pairs of enantiomers [(R)- and (S)-procyclidine, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl, (R)- and (S)-tricyclamol, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl methiodide, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro-diphenidol and (R)- and (S)-hexbutinol]. Binding affinities were determined in competition experiments using \([^3H]\)-N-methyl-scopolamine chloride as radioligand. The reference drugs were scopolamine and N-methyl-scopolamine bromide. 2 The affinity of the antagonists either increased or decreased with temperature, van 't Hoff plots were linear in the 278-310°K temperature range. Binding of all antagonists was entropy driven. Enthalpy changes varied from large negative values (down to \(-29 kJ mol^{-1}\)) to large positive values (up to \(+ 30 kJ mol^{-1}\)). 3 (R)-configurated drugs had a 10 to 100 fold greater affinity for \(M_2\) receptors than the corresponding (S)-enantiomers. Enthalpy and entropy changes of the respective enantiomers were different but no consistent pattern was observed. 4 When silanols \((R_3SiOH)\) were compared to carbinols \((R_3COH)\), the affinity increase caused by C/Si exchange varied between 3 and 10 fold for achiral drugs but was negligible in the case of chiral drugs. Silanols induced more favourable enthalpy and less favourable entropy changes than the corresponding carbinols when binding. Organogermanium compounds \((R_4Ge)\) when compared to their silicon counterparts (R4Si) showed no significant difference in affinity as well as in enthalpy and entropy changes. 5 Exchange of a cyclohexyl by a phenyl moiety was associated with an increase or a decrease in drug affinity (depending on the absolute configuration in the case of chiral drugs) and generally also with a more favourable enthalpy change and a less favourable entropy change of drug binding. 6 Replacement of a pyrrolidino by a piperidino group and increasing the length of the alkylene chain bridging the amino group and the central carbon or silicon atom were associated with either an increase or a decrease of entropy and enthalpy changes of drug binding. However, there was no clear correlation between these structural variations and the thermodynamic effects. 7 Taken together, these results suggest that hydrogen bond-forming OH groups and, to a lesser extent, polarizable phenyl groups contribute significantly to the thermodynamics of interactions between these classes of muscarinic antagonists and \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors.}, language = {en} }