@phdthesis{Bauer2020,
  author    = {Bauer, Nikolaus Johannes},
  title     = {Drug Monitoring von Lopinavir, Efavirenz und Nevirapin im Rahmen der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit HIV-Infektion in Kapstadt, S{\"u}dafrika},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21464},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214647},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Der Nutzen von Therapeutischem Drug Monitoring (TDM) bei der Behandlung von HIV-infizierten Kindern in L{\"a}ndern mit geringen finanziellen Ressourcen ist bisher nicht gr{\"u}ndlich erforscht worden. Pharmakokinetische Studien antiretroviraler Medikamente haben bei Kindern eine hohe intra- und interpersonale Varianz gezeigt. Dies k{\"o}nnte den kontinuierlichen Prozessen von Reifung, Wachstum und K{\"o}rperzusammensetzung geschuldet sein. Deswegen k{\"o}nnte TDM zu einer sichereren und erfolgreicheren Behandlung von HIV bei Kindern in S{\"u}dafrika beitragen. Diese Untersuchung einer p{\"a}diatrischen HIV-Kohorte zeigte, dass 73,5 \% der Patienten innerhalb des empfohlenen therapeutischen Bereichs ihrer Medikamentenkonzentration waren. Aufgrund einer hohen interpersonalen Varianz antiretroviraler Medikamentenkonzentrationen, eine großen Zahl an Komedikationen mit Interaktionspotential, das Risiko f{\"u}r Non-Adh{\"a}renz und Zeichen m{\"o}glicher Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen, kann TDM die Effizienz und Sicherheit der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit HIV verbessern.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schultheiss2020,
  author    = {Schultheiß, Michael},
  title     = {Die Rolle des Therapeutischen Drug Monitoring bei der antiretroviralen Therapie kritisch kranker S{\"a}uglinge mit HIV-Infektion - eine pharmakokinetische Untersuchung in S{\"u}dafrika},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-20310},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203106},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric antiretroviral therapy is unclear. A little pharmacokinetic datum from clinical practice exists beyond controlled approval studies including clinically stable children. The aim of this study is to quantify LPV exposure of critically ill infants in an ICU and-by identifying risk factors for inadequate exposure-to define sensible indications for TDM in pediatric HIV care; in addition, assume total drug adherence in ICU to compare LPV exposure with a setting of unknown adherence. In this prospective investigation, 15 blood samples from critically ill infants in the pediatric ICU at Tygerberg Hospital were analyzed for LPV-serum concentrations. They were then compared to those of 22 blood samples from out-patient children. Serum-level measurements were performed with an established high-performance liquid chromatography method. All LPV-serum levels of ICU patients were higher than a recommended Ctrough (= 1.000 ng/ml), 60\% of levels were higher than Cmax (8.200 ng/ml). Partly, serum levels reached were extremely high (Maximum: 28.778 ng/ml). Low bodyweight and age correlated significantly with high LPV concentrations and were risk factors for serum levels higher than Cmax. Significantly fewer serum levels from infants in ICU care (mean: 11.552 ng/ml ± SD 7760 ng/ml) than from out-patient children (mean: 6.756 ng/ml ± SD 6.003 ng/ml) were subtherapeutic (0 vs. 28\%, p = 0.008). Under total adherence in the ICU group, there were no subtherapeutic serum levels, while, in out-patient, children with unknown adherence 28\% of serum levels were found subtherapeutic. Low bodyweight and age are risk factors for reaching potentially toxic LPV levels in this extremely fragile population. TDM can be a reasonable tool to secure sufficient and safe drug exposure in pediatric cART.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {de}
}