@article{LeonhardtSpielbergWeberetal.2015,
  author    = {Leonhardt, Ines and Spielberg, Steffi and Weber, Michael and Albrecht-Eckardt, Daniela and Bl{\"a}ss, Markus and Claus, Ralf and Barz, Dagmar and Scherlach, Kirstin and Hertweck, Christian and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen and H{\"u}nniger, Kerstin and Kurzai, Oliver},
  title     = {The fungal quorum-sensing molecule farnesol activates innate immune cells but suppresses cellular adaptive immunity},
  series = {mBio},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {mBio},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1128/mBio.00143-15},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143756},
  pages     = {e00143-15},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Farnesol, produced by the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans, is the first quorum-sensing molecule discovered in eukaryotes. Its main function is control of C. albicans filamentation, a process closely linked to pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the effects of farnesol on innate immune cells known to be important for fungal clearance and protective immunity. Farnesol enhanced the expression of activation markers on monocytes (CD86 and HLA-DR) and neutrophils (CD66b and CD11b) and promoted oxidative burst and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-\(\alpha\)] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1 \(\alpha\)]). However, this activation did not result in enhanced fungal uptake or killing. Furthermore, the differentiation of monocytes to immature dendritic cells (iDC) was significantly affected by farnesol. Several markers important for maturation and antigen presentation like CD1a, CD83, CD86, and CD80 were significantly reduced in the presence of farnesol. Furthermore, farnesol modulated migrational behavior and cytokine release and impaired the ability of DC to induce T cell proliferation. Of major importance was the absence of interleukin 12 (IL-12) induction in iDC generated in the presence of farnesol. Transcriptome analyses revealed a farnesol-induced shift in effector molecule expression and a down-regulation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor during monocytes to iDC differentiation. Taken together, our data unveil the ability of farnesol to act as a virulence factor of C. albicans by influencing innate immune cells to promote inflammation and mitigating the Th1 response, which is essential for fungal clearance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DuehringGermerodtSkerkaetal.2015,
  author    = {D{\"u}hring, Sybille and Germerodt, Sebastian and Skerka, Christine and Zipfel, Peter F. and Dandekar, Thomas and Schuster, Stefan},
  title     = {Host-pathogen interactions between the human innate immune system and Candida albicans - understanding and modeling defense and evasion strategies},
  series = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  number    = {625},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.00625},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151621},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The diploid, polymorphic yeast Candida albicans is one of the most important human pathogenic fungi. C. albicans can grow, proliferate and coexist as a commensal on or within the human host for a long time. However, alterations in the host environment can render C. albicans virulent. In this review, we describe the immunological cross-talk between C. albicans and the human innate immune system. We give an overview in form of pairs of human defense strategies including immunological mechanisms as well as general stressors such as nutrient limitation, pH, fever etc. and the corresponding fungal response and evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, Computational Systems Biology approaches to model and investigate these complex interactions are highlighted with a special focus on game-theoretical methods and agent-based models. An outlook on interesting questions to be tackled by Systems Biology regarding entangled defense and evasion mechanisms is given.},
  language  = {en}
}