@phdthesis{Martens2020,
  author    = {Martens, Johannes},
  title     = {Development of an In-Silico Model of the Arterial Epicardial Vasculature},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18247},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182478},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In dynamic CE MR perfusion imaging the passage of an intravenously injected CA bolus through tissue is monitored to assess the myocardial pefusion state. To enable this, knowledge of the shape of CA wash-in through upstream epicardial vessels is required, the so-called AIF. For technical reasons this cannot be quantified directly in the supplying vessels and is thus measured in the left ventricle, which introduces the risk of systematic errors in quantification of MBF due to bolus dispersion in coronary vessels. This means occuring CA dispersion must be accounted in the quantification process in order to produce reliable and reproducible results. In order to do this, CFD simulations are performed to analyze and approximate these errors and deepen insights and knowledge gained from previous CFD analyses on both idealized as well as realistic and pathologically altered 3D geometries. In a first step, several different procedures and approaches are undertaken in order to accelerate the performed workflow, however, maintaining a sufficient degree of numerical accuracy. In the end, the implementation of these steps makes the analysis of the cardiovascular 3D model of unprecedented detail including vessels at pre-arteriolar level feasible at all. The findings of the Navier-Stokes simulations are thus validated with regard to different aspects of cardiac blood flow. These include the distribution of VBF into the different myocardial regions, the areals, which can be associated to the large coronary arteries as well as the fragmentation of VBF into vessels of different diameters. The subsequently performed CA transport simulations yield results on the one hand confirming previous studies. On the other hand, interesting additional knowledge about the behavior of CA dispersion in coronary arteries is obtained both regarding travelled distance as well as vessel diameters. The relative dispersion of the so-called vascular transport function, a characterizing feature of vascular networks, shows a linear decrease with vessel diameter. This results in asymptotically decreased additional dispersion of the CA time curve towards smaller and more distal vessels. Nonetheless, perfusion quantification errors are subject to strong regional variability and reach an average value of \$(-28\pm16)\$ \\% at rest across the whole myocardium. Depending on the distance from the inlet and the considered coronary tree, MBF errors up to 62 \\% are observed.},
  subject      = {Computerunterst{\"u}tztes Verfahren},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hapke2023,
  author    = {Hapke, Nils},
  title     = {Cardiac antigen derived T cell epitopes in the frame of myocardial infarction},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-30196},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301963},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Cardiovascular disease and the acute consequence of myocardial infarc- tion remain one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in all western societies. While much progress has been made in mitigating the acute, life-threatening ischemia caused by infarction, heart failure of the damaged my- ocardium remains prevalent. There is mounting evidence for the role of T cells in the healing process after myocardial infarction, but relevant autoantigens, which might trigger and regulate adaptive immune involvement have not been discov- ered in patients. In this work, we discovered an autoantigenic epitope in the adrenergic receptor beta 1, which is highly expressed in the heart. This autoantigenic epitope causes a pro-inflammatory immune reaction in T cells isolated from pa- tients after myocardial infarction (MI) but not in control patients. This immune reaction was only observed in a subset of MI patients, which carry at least one allele of the HLA-DRB1*13 family. Interestingly, HLA-DRB1*13 was more com- monly expressed in patients in the MI group than in the control group. Taken together, our data suggests antigen-specific priming of T cells in MI patients, which leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The primed T cells react to a cardiac derived autoantigen ex vivo and are likely to exhibit a similar phenotype in vivo. This immune phenotype was only observed in a certain sub- set of patients sharing a common HLA-allele, which was more commonly ex- pressed in MI patients, suggesting a possible role as a risk factor for cardiovas- cular disease. While our results are observational and do not have enough power to show strong clinical associations, our discoveries provide an essential tool to further our understanding of involvement of the immune system in cardiovascu- lar disease. We describe the first cardiac autoantigen in the clinical context of MI and provide an important basis for further translational and clinical research in cardiac autoimmunity.},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gaal2022,
  author    = {Gaal, Chiara Claudia},
  title     = {Cardiac Antigens and T cell Specificity after Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-26004},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260047},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), subsuming atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and subsequent myocardial infarction, are the leading cause of death in the European Union (over 4 million deaths annually), with devastating individual and economic consequences. Recent studies revealed that T cells play a crucial role in post-MI inflammation, healing and remodelling processes. Nevertheless, the specificity profile of adaptive immune responses in the infarcted myocardium has not yet been differentiated. The experiments portrayed in this thesis sought to assess whether post-MI CD4+ T cell responses in mice are triggered by heart specific antigens, and eventually identify relevant epitopes. We were able to create a murine antigen atlas including a list of 206 epitopes for I-Ab and 193 epitopes for I-Ad presented on MHC-II in the context of MI. We sought to consecutively test this panel by in vitro T cell proliferation and antigen recall assays ex vivo. The elispot assay was used as a readout for antigen-specific stimulation by measurement of IL-2 and IFN-γ production, currently the most sensitive approach available to detect even small counts of antigen producing cells. Splenocytes as well as lymphocytes from mediastinal lymph nodes were purified from animals 7 days or 56 days after EMI conducted by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. We were able to provide evidence that post-MI T cell responses in Balb/c mice are triggered by heart-specific antigens and that MYHCA, especially MYHCA614-628, is relevant for that response. Moreover, a significant specific T cell response after MI in C57BL/6J mice was observed for α actin, cardiac muscle 1 [ACTC1], myosin-binding protein C3 [MYBPC3] and myosin heavy chain α [MYHCA] derived heart specific antigens. Generally, the epitopes of interest for Balb/c as well as C57BL/6J could be further investigated and may eventually be modulated in the future.},
  subject      = {Regulatorische T-Lymphozyt},
  language  = {en}
}