@phdthesis{Wagner2010,
  author    = {Wagner, Katrin},
  title     = {Manuelle versus automatisierte Bestimmung von Schilddr{\"u}senantik{\"o}rpern: Vergleich des VarELISA mit dem KRYPTOR},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52011},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In dieser Studie wurden zwei Immunoassays zur Bestimmung von TG- und TPO-Antik{\"o}rpern hinsichtlich diagnostischer Trennsch{\"a}rfe sowie klinischer Relevanz in der Diagnostik der chronischen lymphozyt{\"a}ren Thyreoiditis-Hashimoto (CLT) untersucht. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurden zwei Patientengruppen erfasst: ein Kollektiv mit der Diagnose CLT (n=203) und das sogenannte Normalkollektiv, das 205 Probanden umfasste. Die diagnostischen Kriterien zur Diagnosestellung CLT ergaben sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von klinischem Befund, Ultraschalluntersuchung und Antik{\"o}rpertiter. Verglichen wurden der an der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Nuklearmedizin der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg f{\"u}r die Routinediagnostik eingesetzte manuelle VarELISA TG und TPO Antibodies Assay, PHARMACIA Diagnostics mit dem automatisierten BRAHMS anti-TGn bzw. anti-TPOn KRYPTOR Assay. Die Bestimmung der Ergebnisse bei TPO-AK zeigte, dass die von KRYPTOR gemessenen Werte im Mittel um 2670,51 U/ml h{\"o}her lagen als bei VarELISA. Bei TG-AK wurden die Konzentrationen auf der Plattform KRYPTOR allerdings um 325,07 U/ml niedriger gemessen als bei VarELISA; es zeigte sich bei TG-AK somit ein umgekehrtes Verh{\"a}ltnis. Des Weiteren wurde eine relativ gute {\"U}bereinstimmung zwischen beiden Assays (Kappa-Koeffizient nach Cohen = 0,63) bei der Bestimmung der TPO-Antik{\"o}rper festgestellt; 86,8\% der Seren wurden als konkordant bewertet. Demgegen{\"u}ber stehen 65,4\% in ihrem subjektiven Urteil {\"u}bereinstimmende Ergebnisse bei der TG-Antik{\"o}rper Bestimmung, was f{\"u}r eine schwache {\"U}bereinstimmung der TG-AK-Werte spricht (Kappa-Koeffizient nach Cohen = 0,31). Zudem ist die diagnostische Trennsch{\"a}rfe bei TPO-AK h{\"o}her (Area under Curve = 0,929) als bei TG-AK (Area under Curve = 0,805); somit unterscheidet KRYPTOR bei der Bestimmung der TPO-AK besser zwischen „gesunden" und „erkrankten" Patienten als VarELISA. Bei der Messung der TPO-AK auf der Plattform KRYPTOR zeigte sich bei dem dem Cut-Off (vom Hersteller auf 60 U/ml festgelegt) am n{\"a}chsten liegenden Wert (59,9 U/ml) sowohl eine hohe Sensitivit{\"a}t (81,4\%) als auch Spezifit{\"a}t (97,6\%). Bei der TG-AK Messung lag bei dem Cut-Off Wert von 59,8 U/ml bei hoher Spezifit{\"a}t (99,5\%) die Sensitivit{\"a}t sehr niedrig (43,6\%), d.h. viele Patienten wurden als falsch negativ eingestuft. Aus der Auswertung geht ein optimaler Schwellenwert von 67,2 U/ml f{\"u}r TPO-AK und 40,7 U/ml f{\"u}r TG-AK hervor, wobei der vom Hersteller angegebene Cut-Off Wert f{\"u}r beide AK 60 U/ml betr{\"a}gt. Mittels neu ermitteltem Cut-Off Wert (67,2 U/ml) konnte bei TPO-AK eine Steigerung der Spezifit{\"a}t auf 99,5\% bei unver{\"a}nderter Sensitivit{\"a}t erreicht werden. Dementsprechend erbrachte der Cut-Off Wert von 40,7 U/ml eine Steigerung der Sensitiv{\"a}t auf 50\% bei gleich bleibender Spezifit{\"a}t bei TG-AK. Die Bestimmung des Antik{\"o}rperprofils in den beiden Testsystemen zeigte somit, insbesondere bei TG-AK, h{\"a}ufig diskrepante Ergebnisse. Dies belegt erneut die bekannte Problematik bei der Labordiagnostik der CLT. Urs{\"a}chlich sind Affinit{\"a}tsunterschiede und unterschiedliche Kalibrierungen der verwendeten Tests sowie das Fehlen einer Standardisierung zu diskutieren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus best{\"a}tigen die Ergebnisse die Notwendigkeit einer Definition eines institutionellen Cut-Offs.},
  subject      = {Schilddr{\"u}se},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TraubHusseiniWeber2021,
  author    = {Traub, Jan and Husseini, Leila and Weber, Martin S.},
  title     = {B cells and antibodies as targets of therapeutic intervention in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders},
  series = {Pharmaceuticals},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Pharmaceuticals},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1424-8247},
  doi       = {10.3390/ph14010037},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222957},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The first description of neuromyelitis optica by Eug{\`e}ne Devic and Fernand Gault dates back to the 19th century, but only the discovery of aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a major subset of affected patients in 2004 led to a fundamentally revised disease concept: Neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are now considered autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, bringing the pivotal pathogenetic role of B cells and plasma cells into focus. Not long ago, there was no approved medication for this deleterious disease and off-label therapies were the only treatment options for affected patients. Within the last years, there has been a tremendous development of novel therapies with diverse treatment strategies: immunosuppression, B cell depletion, complement factor antagonism and interleukin-6 receptor blockage were shown to be effective and promising therapeutic interventions. This has led to the long-expected official approval of eculizumab in 2019 and inebilizumab in 2020. In this article, we review current pathogenetic concepts in NMOSD with a focus on the role of B cells and autoantibodies as major contributors to the propagation of these diseases. Lastly, by highlighting promising experimental and future treatment options, we aim to round up the current state of knowledge on the therapeutic arsenal in NMOSD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SenecalIsabelleFritzleretal.2014,
  author    = {Senecal, Jean-Luc and Isabelle, Catherine and Fritzler, Marvin J. and Targoff, Ira N. and Goldstein, Rose and Gagne, Michel and Raynauld, Jean-Pierre and Joyal, France and Troyanov, Yves and Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine},
  title     = {An Autoimmune Myositis-Overlap Syndrome Associated With Autoantibodies to Nuclear Pore Complexes Description and Long-Term Follow-up of the Anti-Nup Syndrome},
  series = {Medicine},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Medicine},
  number    = {24},
  issn      = {0025-7974},
  doi       = {10.1097/MD.0000000000000223},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114829},
  pages     = {361-372},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Autoimmune myositis encompasses various myositis-overlap syndromes, each being identified by the presence of serum marker autoantibodies. We describe a novel myositis-overlap syndrome in 4 patients characterized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes. The clinical phenotype was characterized by prominent myositis in association with erosive, anti-CCP, and rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, mild interstitial lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, and weight loss. The myositis was typically chronic, relapsing, and refractory to corticosteroids alone, but remitted with the addition of a second immuno-modulating drug. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence for liver disease. The prognosis was good with 100\% long-term survival (mean follow-up 19.5 yr). By indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, sera from all 4 patients displayed a high titer of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) with a distinct punctate peripheral (rim) fluorescent pattern of the nuclear envelope characteristic of nuclear pore complexes. Reactivity with nuclear pore complexes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In a cohort of 100 French Canadian patients with autoimmune myositis, the nuclear pore complex fluorescent ANA pattern was restricted to these 4 patients (4\%). It was not observed in sera from 393 adult patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 112), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 35), systemic lupus (n = 94), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 45), or other rheumatic diseases (n = 107), nor was it observed in 62 normal adults. Autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes were predominantly of IgG isotype. No other IgG autoantibody markers for defined connective tissue diseases or overlap syndromes were present, indicating a selective and highly focused immune response. In 3 patients, anti-nuclear pore complex autoantibody titers varied in parallel with myositis activity, suggesting a pathogenic link to pathophysiology. The nuclear pore complex proteins, that is, nucleoporins (nup), recognized by these sera were heterogeneous and included Nup358/RanBP2 (n = 2 patients), Nup90 (n = 1), Nup62 (n = 1), and gp210 (n = 1). Taken together the data suggest that nup autoantigens themselves drive the anti-nup autoimmune response. Immunogenetically, the 4 patients shared the DQA1*0501 allele associated with an increased risk for autoimmune myositis. In conclusion, we report an apparent novel subset of autoimmune myositis in our population of French Canadian patients with connective tissue diseases. This syndrome is recognized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes that react with nups, consistent with an "anti-nupsyndrome.''},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesBieringerHanetal.2013,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Bieringer, Maria and Han, Jung Woo and Kendl, Sabine and Khosravi, Mojtaba and Plattet, Philippe},
  title     = {Experimental Adaptation of Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) to the Human Entry Receptor CD150},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0057488},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96537},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Canine distemper virus (CDV), a close relative of measles virus (MV), is widespread and well known for its broad host range. When the goal of measles eradication may be achieved, and when measles vaccination will be stopped, CDV might eventually cross the species barrier to humans and emerge as a new human pathogen. In order to get an impression how fast such alterations may occur, we characterized required adaptive mutations to the human entry receptors CD150 (SLAM) and nectin-4 as first step to infect human target cells. Recombinant wild-type CDV-A75/17red adapted quickly to growth in human H358 epithelial cells expressing human nectin-4. Sequencing of the viral attachment proteins (hemagglutinin, H, and fusion protein, F) genes revealed that no adaptive alteration was required to utilize human nectin-4. In contrast, the virus replicated only to low titres (102 pfu/ml) in Vero cells expressing human CD150 (Vero-hSLAM). After three passages using these cells virus was adapted to human CD150 and replicated to high titres (105 pfu/ml). Sequence analyses revealed that only one amino acid exchange in the H-protein at position 540 Asp→Gly (D540G) was required for functional adaptation to human CD150. Structural modelling suggests that the adaptive mutation D540G in H reflects the sequence alteration from canine to human CD150 at position 70 and 71 from Pro to Leu (P70L) and Gly to Glu (G71E), and compensates for the gain of a negative charge in the human CD150 molecule. Using this model system our data indicate that only a minimal alteration, in this case one adaptive mutation, is required for adaptation of CDV to the human entry receptors, and help to understand the molecular basis why this adaptive mutation occurs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RudelPrustySiegletal.2014,
  author    = {Rudel, Thomas and Prusty, Bhupesh K. and Siegl, Christine and Gulve, Nitish and Mori, Yasuko},
  title     = {GP96 Interacts with HHV-6 during Viral Entry and Directs It for Cellular Degradation},
  doi       = {10. 1371/journal.pone.0113962},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111068},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {CD46 and CD134 mediate attachment of Human Herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B to host cell, respectively. But many cell types interfere with viral infection through rapid degradation of viral DNA. Hence, not all cells expressing these receptors are permissive to HHV-6 DNA replication and production of infective virions suggesting the involvement of additional factors that influence HHV-6 propagation. Here, we used a proteomics approach to identify other host cell proteins necessary for HHV-6 binding and entry. We found host cell chaperone protein GP96 to interact with HHV-6A and HHV-6B and to interfere with virus propagation within the host cell. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), GP96 is transported to the cell surface upon infection with HHV-6 and interacts with HHV-6A and -6B through its C-terminal end. Suppression of GP96 expression decreased initial viral binding but increased viral DNA replication. Transient expression of human GP96 allowed HHV-6 entry into CHO-K1 cells even in the absence of CD46. Thus, our results suggest an important role for GP96 during HHV-6 infection, which possibly supports the cellular degradation of the virus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RudelFaulstichBoettcheretal.2013,
  author    = {Rudel, Thomas and Faulstich, Michaela and B{\"o}ttcher, Jan-Peter and Meyer, Thomas F. and Fraunholz, Martin},
  title     = {Pilus Phase Variation Switches Gonococcal Adherence to Invasion by Caveolin-1-Dependent Host Cell Signaling},
  series = {PLoS Pathogens},
  journal   = {PLoS Pathogens},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1003373},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96679},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Many pathogenic bacteria cause local infections but occasionally invade into the blood stream, often with fatal outcome. Very little is known about the mechanism underlying the switch from local to invasive infection. In the case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, phase variable type 4 pili (T4P) stabilize local infection by mediating microcolony formation and inducing anti-invasive signals. Outer membrane porin PorBIA, in contrast, is associated with disseminated infection and facilitates the efficient invasion of gonococci into host cells. Here we demonstrate that loss of pili by natural pilus phase variation is a prerequisite for the transition from local to invasive infection. Unexpectedly, both T4P-mediated inhibition of invasion and PorBIA-triggered invasion utilize membrane rafts and signaling pathways that depend on caveolin-1-Y14 phosphorylation (Cav1-pY14). We identified p85 regulatory subunit of PI3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase Cγ1 as new, exclusive and essential interaction partners for Cav1-pY14 in the course of PorBIA-induced invasion. Active PI3K induces the uptake of gonococci via a new invasion pathway involving protein kinase D1. Our data describe a novel route of bacterial entry into epithelial cells and offer the first mechanistic insight into the switch from local to invasive gonococcal infection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RovitusoDuffySchroeteretal.2015,
  author    = {Rovituso, Damiano M. and Duffy, Catharina E. and Schroeter, Michael and Kaiser, Claudia C. and Kleinschnitz, Christoph and Bayas, Antonios and Elsner, Rebecca and Kuerten, Stefanie},
  title     = {The brain antigen-specific B cell response correlates with glatiramer acetate responsiveness in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {14265},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep14265},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148172},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {B cells have only recently begun to attract attention in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Suitable markers for the prediction of treatment success with immunomodulatory drugs are still missing. Here we evaluated the B cell response to brain antigens in n = 34 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients treated with glatiramer acetate (GA) using the enzyme-linked immunospot technique (ELISPOT). Our data demonstrate that patients can be subdivided into responders that show brain-specific B cell reactivity in the blood and patients without this reactivity. Only in patients that classified as B cell responders, there was a significant positive correlation between treatment duration and the time since last relapse in our study. This correlation was GA-specific because it was absent in a control group that consisted of interferon-\(\beta\) (IFN-\(\beta\))-treated RRMS patients (n = 23). These data suggest that GA has an effect on brain-reactive B cells in a subset of patients and that only this subset benefits from treatment. The detection of brain-reactive B cells is likely to be a suitable tool to identify drug responders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfeifferGuglielmiDombertJablonkaetal.2014,
  author    = {Pfeiffer-Guglielmi, Brigitte and Dombert, Benjamin and Jablonka, Sibylle and Hausherr, Vanessa and van Thriel, Christoph and Schobel, Nicole and Jansen, Ralf-Peter},
  title     = {Axonal and dendritic localization of mRNAs for glycogen-metabolizing enzymes in cultured rodent neurons},
  series = {BMC Neuroscience},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {BMC Neuroscience},
  number    = {70},
  issn      = {1471-2202},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2202-15-70},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116049},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Localization of mRNAs encoding cytoskeletal or signaling proteins to neuronal processes is known to contribute to axon growth, synaptic differentiation and plasticity. In addition, a still increasing spectrum of mRNAs has been demonstrated to be localized under different conditions and developing stages thus reflecting a highly regulated mechanism and a role of mRNA localization in a broad range of cellular processes. Results: Applying fluorescence in-situ-hybridization with specific riboprobes on cultured neurons and nervous tissue sections, we investigated whether the mRNAs for two metabolic enzymes, namely glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP), the key enzymes of glycogen metabolism, may also be targeted to neuronal processes. If it were so, this might contribute to clarify the so far enigmatic role of neuronal glycogen. We found that the mRNAs for both enzymes are localized to axonal and dendritic processes in cultured lumbar spinal motoneurons, but not in cultured trigeminal neurons. In cultured cortical neurons which do not store glycogen but nevertheless express glycogen synthase, the GS mRNA is also subject to axonal and dendritic localization. In spinal motoneurons and trigeminal neurons in situ, however, the mRNAs could only be demonstrated in the neuronal somata but not in the nerves. Conclusions: We could demonstrate that the mRNAs for major enzymes of neural energy metabolism can be localized to neuronal processes. The heterogeneous pattern of mRNA localization in different culture types and developmental stages stresses that mRNA localization is a versatile mechanism for the fine-tuning of cellular events. Our findings suggest that mRNA localization for enzymes of glycogen metabolism could allow adaptation to spatial and temporal energy demands in neuronal events like growth, repair and synaptic transmission.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NyawaleMoremiMohamedetal.2022,
  author    = {Nyawale, Helmut A. and Moremi, Nyambura and Mohamed, Mohamed and Njwalila, Johnson and Silago, Vitus and Krone, Manuel and Konje, Eveline T. and Mirambo, Mariam M. and Mshana, Stephen E.},
  title     = {High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Mwanza, northwestern Tanzania: a population-based survey},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph191811664},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288134},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been documented worldwide. However, the evidence of the extent to which transmission has occurred in different countries is still to be established. Understanding the magnitude and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 through seroprevalence studies is important in designing control and preventive strategies in communities. This study investigated the seropositivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies in the communities of three different districts in the Mwanza region, Tanzania. A household cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2021 using the modified African Centre for Disease and Prevention (ACDC) survey protocol. A blood sample was obtained from one member of each of the selected households who consented to take part in the survey. Immunochromatographic rapid test kits were used to detect IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, followed by descriptive data analysis. Overall, 805 participants were enrolled in the study with a median age of 35 (interquartile range (IQR):27-47) years. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 50.4\% (95\%CI: 46.9-53.8\%). The IgG and IgM seropositivity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 49.3\% and 7.2\%, respectively, with 6.1\% being both IgG and IgM seropositive. A history of runny nose (aOR: 1.84, 95\%CI: 1.03-3.5, p = 0.036), loss of taste (aOR: 1.84, 95\%CI: 1.12-4.48, p = 0.023), and living in Ukerewe (aOR: 3.55, 95\%CI: 1.68-7.47, p = 0.001) and Magu (aOR: 2.89, 95\%CI: 1.34-6.25, p= 0.007) were all independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgM seropositivity. Out of the studied factors, living in the Ukerewe district was independently associated with IgG seropositivity (aOR 1.29, CI 1.08-1.54, p = 0.004). Twenty months after the first case of COVID-19 in Tanzania, about half of the studied population in Mwanza was seropositive for SARS-CoV-2.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Nitschke2006,
  author    = {Nitschke, Cindy},
  title     = {Humorale und zellul{\"a}re Immunantwort gegen das Prion-Protein},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18409},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Das Prion-Protein spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung von {\"u}bertragbaren spongiformen Enzephalopathien. Studien aus den letzten Jahren haben gezeigt, dass die Entwicklung einer Therapie f{\"u}r Prionenerkrankungen eine Induktion von Autoantik{\"o}rpern gegen das Prion-Protein voraussetzt. In dieser Arbeit wurden aktive Immunisierungsstrategien gegen das zellul{\"a}re Prion-Protein beschrieben und die zellul{\"a}ren und humoralen Immunantworten sowie deren Einfluss auf die Entstehung einer Prionenerkrankung analysiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Immunisierung mit rek. mPrP und Adjuvants eine Aktivierung und Proliferation von PrP-spezifischen T-Zellen in Prnp0/0-M{\"a}usen induziert wurde. Desweiteren konnten in PrP-defizienten M{\"a}usen spezifische Antik{\"o}rper gegen das Prion-Protein nachgewiesen werden, die in der Lage waren, die pathogene Form des PrPs (PrPSc) zu detektieren und den PrPSc-Gehalt in Zellkultur zu reduzieren. Durch die Immunisierung mit rek. mPrP und CpG-1826 konnten in CD4+-T-Zellen erh{\"o}hte Zytokinspiegel von TNF\&\#61537; und IFN\&\#61543; induziert werden. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte keine T-Zell-Antwort und nur geringe Antik{\"o}rperkonzentrationen nach Proteinimmunisierung in Wildtypm{\"a}usen nachgewiesen werden. Die induzierten Antik{\"o}rper in Wildtypm{\"a}usen waren nicht in der Lage den PrPSc-Gehalt in Zellkultur zu reduzieren. In einem zweiten Ansatz wurde die Immunisierung mit zwei unterschiedlichen PrP-exprimierenden DNA-Vektoren durchgef{\"u}hrt. Hierf{\"u}r wurden der pCG-PrP-Vektor, der das Maus-PrP exprimiert, und der pCG-PrP-P30-Vektor, der zus{\"a}tzlich zum PrP f{\"u}r das P30-Th-Epitop des Tetanustoxins kodiert, verwendet. Dieses P30-Epitop wurde schon in fr{\"u}heren Arbeiten genutzt, um die Toleranz gegen k{\"o}rpereigene Proteine zu brechen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass durch die DNA-Immunisierung eine PrP-spezifische Antik{\"o}rperantwort in Prnp0/0-M{\"a}usen induziert werden konnte. In Wildtypm{\"a}usen wurden allerdings nur geringe Antik{\"o}rpertiter nachgewiesen. Die Antik{\"o}rper aus den Prnp0/0-M{\"a}usen waren in der Lage PrPSc zu erkennen, und den PrPSc-Gehalt in Zellkultur zu reduzieren. Durch die DNA-Immunisierung wurde eine PrP-spezifische Aktivierung und Proliferation von T-Zellen in Prnp0/0-M{\"a}usen erreicht, die nach Immunisierung mit pCG-PrP-P30 st{\"a}rker war als nach Immunisierung mit pCG-PrP. Nach DNA-Vakzinierung konnte in Wildtypm{\"a}usen eine unspezifische Erh{\"o}hung der Zytokinantwort mit erh{\"o}hten TNF\&\#61537;- und IFN\&\#61543;-Spiegeln nachgewiesen werden. Im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde eine Kombination aus DNA- und Proteinimmunisierung durchgef{\"u}hrt, um die Toleranz gegen das Prion-Protein zu brechen. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse waren vergleichbar mit denen, die nach DNA-Immunisierung allein erreicht wurden. Die Inokulation der immunisierten Wildtypm{\"a}use mit einem Maus-adaptierten Scrapiestamm (RML) zeigte keinen Schutz dieser Tiere vor einer Prionenerkrankung. Alle M{\"a}use aus der immunisierten und nicht immunisierten Gruppe erkrankten im gleichen Zeitraum an Scrapie, zeigten PrPSc Akkumulation im Gehirn und in der Milz und f{\"u}r Prionenerkrankungen typische histopathologische Ver{\"a}nderungen. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen sollten neue Immunisierungsstrategien entwickelt werden, um die Toleranz gegen das Prion-Protein zu brechen und einen Schutz vor Prionenerkrankungen zu induzieren.},
  subject      = {Prion},
  language  = {de}
}