@article{SchmidLoisMetzetal.2022,
  author    = {Schmid, Andrea and Lois, Anna-Maria and Metz, Corona and Grunz, Jan-Peter and Veldhoen, Simon},
  title     = {Not all that looks fractured is broken - multipartite humeral epicondyles in children},
  series = {European Radiology},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {European Radiology},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00330-022-08670-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324987},
  pages     = {5045-5052},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective Multipartite epicondyles may mimic fractures in the setting of pediatric elbow trauma. This study examines the prevalence of multipartite epicondyles during skeletal development and their association with pediatric elbow fractures. Materials and methods In this retrospective analysis, 4282 elbow radiographs of 1265 elbows of 1210 patients aged 0-17 years were reviewed. The radiographs were analyzed by two radiologists in consensus reading, and the number of visible portions of the medial and lateral epicondyles was noted. For elbows in which epicondylar ossification was not yet visible, the epicondyles were already fused with the humerus or could not be sufficiently evaluated due to projection issues or because osteosynthesis material was excluded. In total, 187 elbows were included for the lateral and 715 for the medial epicondyle analyses. Results No multipartite medial epicondyles were found in patients without history of elbow fracture, whereas 9\% of these patients had multipartite lateral epicondyles (p < 0.01). Current or previous elbow fractures increased the prevalence of multipartite epicondyles, with significant lateral predominance (medial epicondyle + 9\% vs. lateral + 24\%, p < 0.0001). Including all patients regardless of a history of elbow fracture, multipartite medial epicondyles were observed in 3\% and multipartite lateral epicondyles in 18\% (p < 0.0001). There was no gender difference in the prevalence of multipartition of either epicondyle, regardless of a trauma history. Conclusion Multipartite medial epicondyles occur in patients with current or previous elbow fractures only, whereas multipartite lateral epicondyles may be constitutional. Elbow fractures increase the prevalence of multipartite epicondyles on both sides, with significant lateral predominance. Key Points • Multipartite medial epicondyles should be considered of traumatic origin. • Multipartite lateral epicondyles may be constitutional. • Elbow fractures increase the prevalence of multipartite epicondyles on both sides with lateral predominance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrunzPennigFieberetal.2021,
  author    = {Grunz, Jan-Peter and Pennig, Lenhard and Fieber, Tabea and Gietzen, Carsten Herbert and Heidenreich, Julius Frederik and Huflage, Henner and Gruschwitz, Philipp and Kuhl, Philipp Josef and Petritsch, Bernhard and Kosmala, Aleksander and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Gassenmaier, Tobias},
  title     = {Twin robotic x-ray system in small bone and joint trauma: Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment decisions},
  series = {European Radiology},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {European Radiology},
  issn      = {0938-7994},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00330-020-07563-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235233},
  pages     = {3600-3609},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objectives Trauma evaluation of extremities can be challenging in conventional radiography. A multi-use x-ray system with cone-beam CT (CBCT) option facilitates ancillary 3-D imaging without repositioning. We assessed the clinical value of CBCT scans by analyzing the influence of additional findings on therapy. Methods Ninety-two patients underwent radiography and subsequent CBCT imaging with the twin robotic scanner (76 wrist/hand/finger and 16 ankle/foot/toe trauma scans). Reports by on-call radiologists before and after CBCT were compared regarding fracture detection, joint affliction, comminuted injuries, and diagnostic confidence. An orthopedic surgeon recommended therapy based on reported findings. Surgical reports (N = 52) and clinical follow-up (N = 85) were used as reference standard. Results CBCT detected more fractures (83/64 of 85), joint involvements (69/53 of 71), and multi-fragment situations (68/50 of 70) than radiography (all p < 0.001). Six fractures suspected in radiographs were ruled out by CBCT. Treatment changes based on additional information from CBCT were recommended in 29 patients (31.5\%). While agreement between advised therapy before CBCT and actual treatment was moderate (κ = 0.41 [95\% confidence interval 0.35-0.47]; p < 0.001), agreement after CBCT was almost perfect (κ = 0.88 [0.83-0.93]; p < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence increased considerably for CBCT studies (p < 0.001). Median effective dose for CBCT was 4.3 μSv [3.3-5.3 μSv] compared to 0.2 μSv [0.1-0.2 μSv] for radiography. Conclusions CBCT provides advantages for the evaluation of acute small bone and joint trauma by detecting and excluding extremity fractures and fracture-related findings more reliably than radiographs. Additional findings induced therapy change in one third of patients, suggesting substantial clinical impact.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fischer2007,
  author    = {Fischer, Monika},
  title     = {Nicht operierte Sagittalnahtsynostosen im Verlauf},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-24310},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Zur Darstellung des Verlaufs bei nicht operierten Kindern mit Sagittalsynostose wurden 155 R{\"o}ntgenbilder von 52 Patienten im Alter zwischen 15 Tagen und 9 Jahren untersucht. Die Sch{\"a}deln{\"a}hte wurden hinsichtlich der Darstellbarkeit, Begrenzung, Z{\"a}hnelung und Aktivit{\"a}t beurteilt. Weiterhin wurden acht Strecken und vier Winkel gemessen, daraus zwei Indizes berechnet. Die Sagittalnaht war bei mehr als der H{\"a}lfte der Aufnahmen im ersten Lebensjahr partiell bzw. vollst{\"a}ndig darstellbar. Die Lambdanaht war ab dem zweiten Lebensmonat immer, die Coronarnaht bis auf wenige Ausnahmen darstellbar. Die Z{\"a}hnelung der N{\"a}hte entwickelte sich altersentsprechend. Der Anteil der N{\"a}hte, die keine erh{\"o}hte Aktivit{\"a}t aufwiesen, sank im Verlauf von 94\% auf 38\%. Bei den Messstrecken und Winkeln wurden die Ergebnisse aus der Literatur weitgehend best{\"a}tigt. Der Basiswinkel war im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv signifikant erh{\"o}ht. Der H{\"o}henindex n{\"a}herte sich im Verlauf der Altersnorm an, wohingegen sich die Parameter innere Sch{\"a}delbreite und Breiten-L{\"a}ngen-Index signifikant von der Altersnorm entfernten. Der Skaphozephalus w{\"a}chst sich nicht aus, aber einzelne Merkmale, wie die parietale W{\"o}lbung,n{\"a}hern sich wieder etwas der Norm an. Sichere Hinweise f{\"u}r ein {\"U}bergreifen der Synostose auf andere N{\"a}hte wurden nicht gefunden. Im weiteren wurden digitale und konventionelle R{\"o}ntgenaufnahmen von 33 Patienten mit Kraniostenosen verglichen. Untersucht wurde die Beurteilbarkeit hinsichtlich Sch{\"a}rfe und Kontrast. Der Zeitabstand zwischen konventioneller und digitaler R{\"o}ntgenaufnahme lag im Mittel bei 24 Monaten. Die Vorteile des digitalen R{\"o}ntgens hinsichtlich der Beurteilbarkeit konnten deutlich gezeigt werden. Somit ist das optimierte digitale R{\"o}ntgensystem dem konventionellen vorzuziehen.},
  subject      = {Kraniostenose},
  language  = {de}
}