@phdthesis{Loeffler2006,
  author    = {L{\"o}ffler, Daniela Inge Martina},
  title     = {Untersuchungen virulenzattenuierter Listeria monocytogenes St{\"a}mme als Impfstofftr{\"a}ger im Mausmodell},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18728},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Virulenzattenuierte St{\"a}mme des Gram-positiven Pathogens Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) stellen optimale Kandidaten als Tr{\"a}ger f{\"u}r heterologe Proteinantigene in die Maus dar. Lm repliziert nach Befreiung aus dem prim{\"a}ren phagosomalen Kompartiment sehr effizient und schnell im Zytosol sehr vieler nicht-phagozytischer Wirtszellen als auch in professionellen antigenpr{\"a}sentierenden Zellen (APC). Diese F{\"a}higkeit in relevante immunologische APCs einzudringen und zu replizieren, erlaubt die zielgerichtete {\"U}bertragung heterologer Antigene in die MHC-Klasse-I- und MHC-Klasse-II-Pr{\"a}sentationswege, um so eine effektive zellul{\"a}re Immunit{\"a}t zu etablieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die in vivo Effizienzen der Aktivierung von antigen-spezifischen CD8+ and CD4+ T-Zellen miteinander verglichen, sobald das plasmidkodierte Proteinantigen Ovalbumin (OVA) in Form von bakteriell exprimierten und exportierten Proteinen, von cDNA oder mRNA durch die jeweiligen virulenzattenuierten Lm \&\#61508;trpS St{\"a}mme in das Zytosol von antigenpr{\"a}sentierenden Zellen freigesetzt wurde. Die Freisetzung wurde durch ein Listeria-spezifisches Phagenlysin, welches von den Bakterien vorwiegend im Zytosol der Wirtszelle exprimiert wird, unterst{\"u}tzt. Die {\"U}bertragung dieser unterschiedlichen biologisch-aktiven Molek{\"u}le durch die autolysierenden Listerien f{\"u}hrte im Falle des Proteins und der mRNA erfolgreich zu einer MHC-Klasse-I-Pr{\"a}sentation eines Ovalbumin-Peptides (SIINFEKL), welche letztendlich eine adaptive zellul{\"a}re Immunit{\"a}t unter Beteiligung von T-Ged{\"a}chtniszellen induzierte. Dabei stellte sich die {\"U}bertragung des Proteins durch Lm als die effizienteste Strategie im Induzieren einer zellul{\"a}ren adaptiven Immunantwort mit gegen Ovalbumin gerichteten CD8 und CD4 T-Ged{\"a}chtniszellen heraus. Autolysierende Listerien, welche die plasmidkodierende OVA-DNA {\"u}bertrugen, l{\"o}sten dagegen keine OVA-spezifische T-Zellantwort aus. Da sich der Tr{\"a}gerstamm Lm \&\#61508;trpS aufgrund der Autolysiskassette zwar als virulenzattenuiert herausgestellt hatte, jedoch bei h{\"o}her Applikationsdosis dieses Stammes es nur zu einer unvollst{\"a}ndigen Lysis kam, wurden die jeweiligen Effizienzen weiterer noch st{\"a}rker attenuierter autolysierender Lm St{\"a}mme als {\"U}bertr{\"a}ger des Ovalbumins (Lm Mutanten \&\#61508;trpS hlyW491A und \&\#61508;(trpS aroA aroB)) bestimmt. Beide erm{\"o}glichten die OVA-Pr{\"a}sentation {\"u}ber MHC-Klasse-I-Molek{\"u}le mit nachfolgender klonaler Expansion spezifischer CD8+ T-Zellen in vergleichbaren signifikanten Werten zum WT Stamm \&\#61508;trpS. Ferner wurde zum ersten Mal eine signifikante Pr{\"a}sentation des OVAs {\"u}ber MHC-Klasse-I-Molek{\"u}le durch die autolysierende Mutante \&\#61508;trpS hlyW491A, welche die plasmidkodierende DNA freisetzte, nachgewiesen. Die autolysierende Lm \&\#61508;(trpS aroA aroB) Mutante in hoher CFU (5\&\#61620;107) stellte sich dabei als ein sehr vielversprechender Tr{\"a}ger des heterologen Proteinantigens heraus, da sie im Gegensatz zum autolysierenden Stamm Lm \&\#61508;trpS eine sehr geringe Lebersch{\"a}digung hervorrief. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde festgestellt, das durch Freisetzung von OVA Antigenen in das Zytosol oder ins Phagosom von APCs, welche von den jeweiligen Lm \&\#61508;(trpS aroA aroB) St{\"a}mmen als exportiertes, zellwandverankertes oder intrazellul{\"a}r verbleibendes Protein exprimiert wurden, vergleichbare H{\"a}ufigkeiten an proliferierten OVA-spezifischen CD8+ T-Zellen induzierten werden konnten. Es zeigten sich jedoch deutliche Unterschiede in der Aktivierung antigen-spezifischer CD4+ T-Zellen durch diese Lm \&\#61508;(trpS aroA aroB) OVA-Tr{\"a}gerst{\"a}mme. Die Strategie der {\"U}bertragung exportierter Proteine ins Phagosom oder ins Zytosol antigenpr{\"a}sentierender Zellen war die wirkungsvollste, um gleichzeitig effiziente MHC-Klasse-I- und MHC-Klasse-II-restringierte Antigenpr{\"a}sentationen in vivo zu induzieren. Es wurden alternative plasmidkodierende Lysiskassetten f{\"u}r die Freisetzung von DNA-Vakzinen (Baktofektion) aus den Bakterien konstruiert, die alle aus Lyseproteinen eines Listeria-spezifischen Phagens und einem vorangestellten zytosolischen listeriellen Promotor bestehen. Diese wurden in ihrer Effizienz mit der urspr{\"u}nglich eingesetzten Lysiskassette PactA-ply118 verglichen. Dabei wurde beobachtet, dass zwei von den vier neukonstruierten Lysiskassetten in einige Zellinien vergleichbare Baktofektionsraten erzielten. Jedoch ist die urspr{\"u}ngliche Phagenlysin-Kassette PactA-ply118 f{\"u}r die {\"U}bertragung von Plasmid-DNA in das Zytosol von Wirtszellen die wirksamste, da diese in vivo zu einer besonders hohen Attenuation der Bakterien f{\"u}hrte.},
  subject      = {Listeria monocytogenes},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HeydarianRuehlRawaletal.2022,
  author    = {Heydarian, Motaharehsadat and R{\"u}hl, Eva and Rawal, Ravisha and Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera},
  title     = {Tissue models for Neisseria gonorrhoeae research — from 2D to 3D},
  series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  issn      = {2235-2988},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcimb.2022.840122},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-263046},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen that causes gonorrhea, the second most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Disease progression, drug discovery, and basic host-pathogen interactions are studied using different approaches, which rely on models ranging from 2D cell culture to complex 3D tissues and animals. In this review, we discuss the models used in N. gonorrhoeae research. We address both in vivo (animal) and in vitro cell culture models, discussing the pros and cons of each and outlining the recent advancements in the field of three-dimensional tissue models. From simple 2D monoculture to complex advanced 3D tissue models, we provide an overview of the relevant methodology and its application. Finally, we discuss future directions in the exciting field of 3D tissue models and how they can be applied for studying the interaction of N. gonorrhoeae with host cells under conditions closely resembling those found at the native sites of infection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaoNagpalSchneideretal.2015,
  author    = {Gao, Shiqiang and Nagpal, Jatin and Schneider, Martin W. and Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera and Nagel, Georg and Gottschalk, Alexander},
  title     = {Optogenetic manipulation of cGMP in cells and animals by the tightly light-regulated guanylyl-cyclase opsin CyclOp},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {8046},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms9046},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148197},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Cyclic GMP (cGMP) signalling regulates multiple biological functions through activation of protein kinase G and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. In sensory neurons, cGMP permits signal modulation, amplification and encoding, before depolarization. Here we implement a guanylyl cyclase rhodopsin from Blastocladiella emersonii as a new optogenetic tool (BeCyclOp), enabling rapid light-triggered cGMP increase in heterologous cells (Xenopus oocytes, HEK293T cells) and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Among five different fungal CyclOps, exhibiting unusual eight transmembrane topologies and cytosolic N-termini, BeCyclOp is the superior optogenetic tool (light/dark activity ratio: 5,000; no cAMP production; turnover (20 °C) ~17 cGMPs\(^{-1}\)). Via co-expressed CNG channels (OLF in oocytes, TAX-2/4 in C. elegans muscle), BeCyclOp photoactivation induces a rapid conductance increase and depolarization at very low light intensities. In O\(_2\)/CO\(_2\) sensory neurons of C. elegans, BeCyclOp activation evokes behavioural responses consistent with their normal sensory function. BeCyclOp therefore enables precise and rapid optogenetic manipulation of cGMP levels in cells and animals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WolfAkrapMargetal.2013,
  author    = {Wolf, Annette and Akrap, Nina and Marg, Berenice and Galliardt, Helena and Heiligentag, Martyna and Humpert, Fabian and Sauer, Markus and Kaltschmidt, Barbara and Kaltschmidt, Christian and Seidel, Thorsten},
  title     = {Elements of Transcriptional Machinery Are Compatible among Plants and Mammals},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0053737},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131203},
  pages     = {e53737},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In the present work, the objective has been to analyse the compatibility of plant and human transcriptional machinery. The experiments revealed that nuclear import and export are conserved among plants and mammals. Further it has been shown that transactivation of a human promoter occurs by human transcription factor NF-\(\kappa\) B in plant cells, demonstrating that the transcriptional machinery is highly conserved in both kingdoms. Functionality was also seen for regulatory elements of NF-\(\kappa\) B such as its inhibitor I\(\kappa\)B isoform \(\alpha\) that negatively regulated the transactivation activity of the p50/RelA heterodimer by interaction with NF-\(\kappa\)B in plant cells. Nuclear export of RelA could be demonstrated by FRAP-measurements so that RelA shows nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling as reported for RelA in mammalian cells. The data reveals the high level of compatibility of human transcriptional elements with the plant transcriptional machinery. Thus, Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts might provide a new heterologous expression system for the investigation of the human NF-\(\kappa\)B signaling pathways. The system successfully enabled the controlled manipulation of NF-\(\kappa\)B activity. We suggest the plant protoplast system as a tool for reconstitution and analyses of mammalian pathways and for direct observation of responses to e. g. pharmaceuticals. The major advantage of the system is the absence of interference with endogenous factors that affect and crosstalk with the pathway.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hartmann2024,
  author    = {Hartmann, Oliver},
  title     = {Development of somatic modified mouse models of Non-Small cell lung cancer},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-36340},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363401},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {In 2020, cancer was the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths. Lung cancer was the most common cancer, with 2.21 million cases per year in both sexes. This non-homogeneous disease is further subdivided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC, 15\%) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 85\%). By 2023, the American Cancer Society estimates that NSCLC will account for 13\% of all new cancer cases and 21\% of all estimated cancer deaths. In recent years, the treatment of patients with NSCLC has improved with the development of new therapeutic interventions and the advent of targeted and personalised therapies. However, these advances have only marginally improved the five-year survival rate, which remains alarmingly low for patients with NSCLC. This observation highlights the importance of having more appropriate experimental and preclinical models to recapitulate, identify and test novel susceptibilities in NSCLC. In recent years, the Trp53fl/fl KRaslsl-G12D/wt mouse model developed by Tuveson, Jacks and Berns has been the main in vivo model used to study NSCLC. This model mimics ADC and SCC to a certain extent. However, it is limited in its ability to reflect the genetic complexity of NSCLC. In this work, we use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing with targeted mutagenesis and gene deletions to recapitulate the conditional model. By comparing the Trp53fl/fl KRaslsl- G12D/wt with the CRISPR-mediated Trp53mut KRasG12D, we demonstrated that both showed no differences in histopathological features, morphology, and marker expression. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing revealed a very high similarity in their transcriptional profile. Adeno-associated virus-mediated tumour induction and the modular design of the viral vector allow us to introduce additional mutations in a timely manner. CRISPR-mediated mutation of commonly mutated tumour suppressors in NSCLC reliably recapitulated the phenotypes described in patients in the animal model. Lastly, the dual viral approach could induce the formation of lung tumours not only in constitutive Cas9 expressing animals, but also in wildtype animals. Thus, the implementation of CRISPR genome editing can rapidly advance the repertoire of in vivo models for NSCLC research. Furthermore, it can reduce the necessity of extensive breeding.},
  subject      = {CRISPR/Cas-Methode},
  language  = {en}
}