@phdthesis{Kieslich2000,
  author    = {Kieslich, Christian},
  title     = {Numerische Chromosomen-Aberrationen im Carcinoma ductale in situ der Mamma unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung neuerer Klassifikationen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-1180443},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Das duktale Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) der Mamma stellt eine Neoplasie mit sowohl heterogener Morphologie als auch variierendem biologischen Verhaltens dar. Dies f{\"u}hrte in der Vergangenheit zur Etablierung zahlreicher pathohistologischer Klassifikationssysteme mit dem Ziel, das Risiko einer malignen Transformation in ein invasives Carcinom und die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Lokalrezidivs nach Tumorektomie anhand histologischer Kriterien abzusch{\"a}tzen. Zur Untersuchung solcher Klassifikationsparameter auf ihre Wichtigkeit sollte der genetische Hintergrund am Beispiel der chromosomalen Trisomie untersucht werden und mit diesen korreliert werden. Die Ergebnisse einer DNA-in situ-Hybridisierung an Paraffin-Material mit spezifischen Proben f{\"u}r die Chromosomen 1, 7, 8 und 18 zeigen, daß Trisomien in dieser Neoplasie ein h{\"a}ufiges Ereignis darstellen (56 Prozent aller F{\"a}lle) und daß diese mit den histologischen Parametern der Nekrose und einem hohen Kernatypiegrad korrelieren. Dieser Befund wird durch die Tatsache untermauert, daß solche Beziehungen sogar im gleichen Tumor gefunden werden, wenn dieser eine heterogene Morphologie aufwies. So l{\"a}ßt sich die große Bedeutung der Klassifikationsparameter Nekrose und Kern-Atypie auch durch die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit unterstreichen. Eine Trisomie des Chromosoms 18 konnte nur in F{\"a}llen von einer Koinzidenz mit mikroinvasiven Herden detektiert werden. Dies deckt sich mit s{\"a}mtlichen Angaben der Literatur, bei denen eine Trisomie 18 nie bei streng intraduktalem DCIS, sondern nur bei mikroinvasiven oder invasiven Mamma-Karzinomen gefunden wurde. Folglich w{\"a}re es wichtig, mit weiteren Untersuchungen die Bedeutung dieser Aberration im Invasionsgeschehen und in der Diagnosestellung einer Mikroinvasion des DCIS zu analysieren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Flegler2012,
  author    = {Flegler, Katharina},
  title     = {Untersuchung der Expression von Knochensialoprotein (BSP) an Gewebe von Knochenmetastasen mittels Immunhistologie : Vergleich eines Antik{\"o}rpers gegen nicht-glykosyliertes BSP mit einem Antik{\"o}rper gegen glykosyliertes BSP},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71642},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Knochensialoprotein (BSP) ist ein Protein der extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix im Knochen und mineralisierten Geweben, wird aber auch von verschiedenen Tumorzellen exprimiert (Bellahcene et al., 1994, 1997, 1998). Dies ist assoziiert mit einer schlechten Prognose und einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r eine sp{\"a}tere Entwicklung von Knochenmetastasen. Diel et al. (1999) konnte zeigen, dass ein erh{\"o}hter Serum-BSP-Wert bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom zu einem geh{\"a}uften Auftreten von Knochenmetastasen im Laufe der Erkrankung f{\"u}hrt. BSP scheint ein Marker f{\"u}r die Entstehung von Knochenmetastasen zu sein. In der Literatur ist ein Antik{\"o}rper beschrieben, der ein Epitop des BSP erkennt, welches im BSP aus Tumorzellen nicht glykosyliert ist, im BSP aus mineralisiertem Gewebe allerdings schon (Armbruster et al., 2009). Im Tiermodell konnte gezeigt werden, dass Knochenmetastasen verhindert werden k{\"o}nnen bei gleichzeitiger Gabe von Tumorzellen und Antik{\"o}rpern gegen BSP beziehungsweise, dass bei vorhandenen Knochenmetastasen eine Behandlung der Tiere mit einem Anti-BSP-Antik{\"o}rper die Metastasen zur{\"u}ckbildet (B{\"a}uerle et al., 2005, 2006). In der aktuellen Arbeit wird die Expression von BSP an menschlichem Gewebe von Knochenmetastasen mit unterschiedlichen Prim{\"a}rtumoren mittels Immunhistochemie untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 35 F{\"a}lle von Knochenmetastasen mit Prim{\"a}rtumor eines Mammakarzinoms untersucht, wobei 22,9\% eine BSP Expression aufweisen, davon 5,7\% eine starke. Knochenmetastasen mit dem Prim{\"a}rtumor Prostatakarzinom sind mit 8 F{\"a}llen repr{\"a}sentiert, wobei 75\% positiv f{\"u}r BSP sind, davon 25\% stark positiv. Die einzelnen F{\"a}lle zeigen eine starke BSP Expression im Stroma und eine schwache BSP Expression der Tumorzellen. Diese Ergebnisse des Antik{\"o}rpers gegen normal glykosyliertes BSP wurden verglichen mit dem Antik{\"o}rper gegen nicht glykosyliertes BSP. Der Nachweis von BSP in Tumorzellen zeigt dasselbe Ergebnis, BSP im Stroma wird durch den Antik{\"o}rper gegen nicht- glykosyliertes BSP intensiver dargestellt. Daraus l{\"a}sst sich folgern, dass der Antik{\"o}rper gegen nicht- glykosyliertes BSP nicht spezifisch f{\"u}r die Isoform des BSP aus Tumorzellen ist, sondern gleichermaßen in der Routinediagnostik von BSP eingesetzt werden kann. Die Untersuchung k{\"o}nnte sogar darauf hinweisen, dass dieser Antik{\"o}rper die nicht- glykosylierte Isoform im Stroma erkennt und damit bei Untersuchung des Stromas die bessere Alternative darstellt.},
  subject      = {Knochensialoprotein},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchlerethHeylKrampitzetal.2013,
  author    = {Schlereth, Katharina and Heyl, Charlotte and Krampitz, Anna-Maria and Mernberger, Marco and Finkernagel, Florian and Scharfe, Maren and Jarek, Michael and Leich, Ellen and Rosenwald, Andreas and Stiewe, Thorsten},
  title     = {Characterization of the p53 Cistrome - DNA Binding Cooperativity Dissects p53's Tumor Suppressor Functions},
  series = {PLOS Genetics},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLOS Genetics},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {1553-7404},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1003726},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127579},
  pages     = {e1003726},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {p53 protects us from cancer by transcriptionally regulating tumor suppressive programs designed to either prevent the development or clonal expansion of malignant cells. How p53 selects target genes in the genome in a context-and tissue-specific manner remains largely obscure. There is growing evidence that the ability of p53 to bind DNA in a cooperative manner prominently influences target gene selection with activation of the apoptosis program being completely dependent on DNA binding cooperativity. Here, we used ChIP-seq to comprehensively profile the cistrome of p53 mutants with reduced or increased cooperativity. The analysis highlighted a particular relevance of cooperativity for extending the p53 cistrome to non-canonical binding sequences characterized by deletions, spacer insertions and base mismatches. Furthermore, it revealed a striking functional separation of the cistrome on the basis of cooperativity; with low cooperativity genes being significantly enriched for cell cycle and high cooperativity genes for apoptotic functions. Importantly, expression of high but not low cooperativity genes was correlated with superior survival in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, in contrast to most p53-activated genes, p53-repressed genes did not commonly contain p53 binding elements. Nevertheless, both the degree of gene activation and repression were cooperativity-dependent, suggesting that p53-mediated gene repression is largely indirect and mediated by cooperativity-dependently transactivated gene products such as CDKN1A, E2F7 and non-coding RNAs. Since both activation of apoptosis genes with non-canonical response elements and repression of pro-survival genes are crucial for p53's apoptotic activity, the cistrome analysis comprehensively explains why p53-induced apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest, strongly depends on the intermolecular cooperation of p53 molecules as a possible safeguard mechanism protecting from accidental cell killing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoelkerWeigelStrehletal.2018,
  author    = {V{\"o}lker, Hans-Ullrich and Weigel, Michael and Strehl, Annette and Frey, Lea},
  title     = {Levels of uPA and PAI-1 in breast cancer and its correlation to Ki67-index and results of a 21-multigene-array},
  series = {Diagnostic Pathology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Diagnostic Pathology},
  number    = {67},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13000-018-0737-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176960},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Conventional parameters including Ki67, hormone receptor and Her2/neu status are used for risk stratification for breast cancer. The serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) play an important role in tumour invasion and metastasis. Increased concentrations in tumour tissue are associated with more aggressive potential of the disease. Multigene tests provide detailed insights into tumour biology by simultaneously testing several prognostically relevant genes. With OncotypeDX\(^{®}\), a panel of 21 genes is tested by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The purpose of this pilot study was to analyse whether a combination of Ki67 and uPA/PAI-1 supplies indications of the result of the multigene test. Methods: The results of Ki67, uPA/PAI-1 and OncotypeDX\(^{®}\) were analysed in 25 breast carcinomas (luminal type, pT1/2, max pN1a, G2). A statistical and descriptive analysis was performed. Results: With a proliferation index Ki67 of < 14\%, the recurrence score (RS) from the multigene test was on average in the low risk range, with an intermediate RS usually resulting if Ki67 was > 14\%. Not elevated values of uPA and PAI-1 showed a lower rate of proliferation (average 8.5\%) than carcinomas with an increase of uPA and/or PAI-1 (average 13.9\%); p = 0.054, Student's t-test. When Ki67 was > 14\% and uPA and/or PAI-1 was raised, an intermediate RS resulted. These differences were significant when compared to cases with Ki67 < 14\% with non-raised uPA/PAI-1 (p < 0.03, Student's t-test). Without taking into account the proliferative activity, an intermediate RS was also verifiable if both uPA and PAI-1 showed raised values. Conclusion: A combination of the values Ki67 and uPA/PAI-1 tended to depict the RS to be expected. From this it can be deduced that an appropriate analysis of this parameter combination may be undertaken before the multigene test in routine clinical practice. The increasing cost pressure makes it necessary to base the implementation of a multigene test on ancillary variables and to potentially leave it out if not required in the event of a certain constellation of results (Ki67 raised, uPA and PAI-1 raised).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnStrisselAlAbboodietal.2022,
  author    = {An, Ran and Strissel, Pamela L. and Al-Abboodi, Majida and Robering, Jan W. and Supachai, Reakasame and Eckstein, Markus and Peddi, Ajay and Hauck, Theresa and B{\"a}uerle, Tobias and Boccaccini, Aldo R. and Youssef, Almoatazbellah and Sun, Jiaming and Strick, Reiner and Horch, Raymund E. and Boos, Anja M. and Kengelbach-Weigand, Annika},
  title     = {An innovative arteriovenous (AV) loop breast cancer model tailored for cancer research},
  series = {Bioengineering},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Bioengineering},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2306-5354},
  doi       = {10.3390/bioengineering9070280},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278919},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Animal models are important tools to investigate the pathogenesis and develop treatment strategies for breast cancer in humans. In this study, we developed a new three-dimensional in vivo arteriovenous loop model of human breast cancer with the aid of biodegradable materials, including fibrin, alginate, and polycaprolactone. We examined the in vivo effects of various matrices on the growth of breast cancer cells by imaging and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that vascularized breast cancer microtissues could be engineered and recapitulate the in vivo situation and tumor-stromal interaction within an isolated environment in an in vivo organism. Alginate-fibrin hybrid matrices were considered as a highly powerful material for breast tumor engineering based on its stability and biocompatibility. We propose that the novel tumor model may not only serve as an invaluable platform for analyzing and understanding the molecular mechanisms and pattern of oncologic diseases, but also be tailored for individual therapy via transplantation of breast cancer patient-derived tumors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LoebLinsmeierHerbertetal.2023,
  author    = {L{\"o}b, Sanja and Linsmeier, Eva and Herbert, Saskia-Laureen and Schlaiß, Tanja and Kiesel, Matthias and Wischhusen, J{\"o}rg and Salmen, Jessica and Kranke, Peter and Quenzer, Anne and Kurz, Florian and Weiss, Claire and Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena and W{\"o}ckel, Achim and Diessner, Joachim},
  title     = {Prognostic effect of HER2 evolution from primary breast cancer to breast cancer metastases},
  series = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology},
  volume    = {149},
  journal   = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00432-022-04486-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324068},
  pages     = {5417-5428},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Purpose Therapeutic options for breast cancer (BC) treatment are constantly evolving. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)-low BC entity is a new subgroup, representing about 55\% of all BC patients. New antibody-drug conjugates demonstrated promising results for this BC subgroup. Currently, there is limited information about the conversion of HER2 subtypes between primary tumor and recurrent disease. Methods This retrospective study included women with BC at the University Medical Centre Wuerzburg from 1998 to 2021. Data were retrieved from patients' records. HER2 evolution from primary diagnosis to the first relapse and the development of secondary metastases was investigated. Results In the HR-positive subgroup without HER2 overexpression, HER2-low expression in primary BC was 56.7 vs. 14.6\% in the triple-negative subgroup (p < 0.000). In the cohort of the first relapse, HER2-low represented 64.1\% of HR-positive vs. 48.2\% of the triple-negative cohort (p = 0.03). In patients with secondary metastases, HER2-low was 75.6\% vs. 50\% in the triple negative subgroup (p = 0.10). The subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients numerically increased in the course of disease; the HER2-negative overall cohort decreased. A loss of HER2 expression from primary BC to the first relapse correlated with a better OS (p = 0.018). No clinicopathological or therapeutic features could be identified as potential risk factors for HER2 conversion. Conclusion HER2 expression is rising during the progression of BC disease. In view of upcoming therapeutical options, the re-analysis of newly developed metastasis will become increasingly important.},
  language  = {en}
}