@phdthesis{Horn2019,
  author    = {Horn, Stephan},
  title     = {Resistenzentwicklung von \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) gegen Tobramycin und Colistin bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose unter Suppressionstherapie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-174159},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Tobramycin und Colistin sind zwei Standardantibiotika bei der inhalativen Behandlung von Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose (CF), die chronisch mit Pseudomonas aeruginosa besiedelt sind. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Resistenzentwicklung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa gegen Tobramycin und Colistin bei 1844 Isolaten beobachtet. Die Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-Isolate wurden von 22 Patienten mit CF gewonnen, die eine alternierende Inhalationstherapie mit Tobramycin und Colistin erhalten hatten. Eine Tobramycinresistenz wurde bei 30,4\% der Isolate und bei 72,7\% der Patienten beobachtet. Im Gegensatz hierzu waren alle Isolate sensibel gegen{\"u}ber Colistin, und es entwickelte auch kein Patient eine Colistin-Resistenz. In molekulargenetischen Analysen ausgew{\"a}hlter Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-Isolate hatte es den Anschein, dass die Patienten im Verlauf der Erkrankung jeweils nur mit einem Genotyp besiedelt waren. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass eine Resistenzentwicklung gegen Tobramycin unter Inhalationstherapie stattfindet, w{\"a}hrend eine Resistenzentwicklung gegen Colistin die Ausnahme zu bleiben scheint.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HebestreitLandsAlarieetal.2018,
  author    = {Hebestreit, Helge and Lands, Larry C. and Alarie, Nancy and Schaeff, Jonathan and Karila, Chantal and Orenstein, David M. and Urquhart, Don S. and Hulzebos, Erik H. J. and Stein, Lothar and Schindler, Christian and Kriemler, Susi and Radtke, Thomas},
  title     = {Effects of a partially supervised conditioning programme in cystic fibrosis: an international multi-centre randomised controlled trial (ACTIVATE-CF): study protocol},
  series = {BMC Pulmonary Medicine},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {BMC Pulmonary Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12890-018-0596-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227960},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background Physical activity (PA) and exercise have become an accepted and valued component of cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Regular PA and exercise can positively impact pulmonary function, improve physical fitness, and enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, motivating people to be more active is challenging. Supervised exercise programs are expensive and labour intensive, and adherence falls off significantly once supervision ends. Unsupervised or partially supervised programs are less costly and more flexible, but compliance can be more problematic. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a partially supervised exercise intervention along with regular motivation on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 6 months in a large international group of CF patients. Secondary endpoints include patient reported HRQoL, as well as levels of anxiety and depression, and control of blood sugar. Methods/design It is planned that a total of 292 patients with CF 12 years and older with a FEV1 ≥ 35\% predicted shall be randomised. Following baseline assessments (2 visits) patients are randomised into an intervention and a control group. Thereafter, they will be seen every 3 months for assessments in their centre for one year (4 follow-up visits). Along with individual counselling to increase vigorous PA by at least 3 h per week on each clinic visit, the intervention group documents daily PA and inactivity time and receives a step counter to record their progress within a web-based diary. They also receive monthly phone calls from the study staff during the first 6 months of the study. After 6 months, they continue with the step counter and web-based programme for a further 6 months. The control group receives standard care and keeps their PA level constant during the study period. Thereafter, they receive the intervention as well. Discussion This is the first large, international multi-centre study to investigate the effects of a PA intervention in CF with motivational feedback on several health outcomes using modern technology. Should this relatively simple programme prove successful, it will be made available on a wider scale internationally. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01744561; Registration date: December 6, 2012.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JobstWielpuetzTriphanetal.2015,
  author    = {Jobst, Bertram J. and Wielp{\"u}tz, Mark O. and Triphan, Simon M.F. and Anjorin, Angela and Ley-Zaporozhan, Julia and Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich and Biederer, J{\"u}rgen and Ley, Sebastian and Sedlaczek, Oliver},
  title     = {Morpho-Functional 1H-MRI of the Lung in COPD: Short-Term Test-Retest Reliability},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0137282},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151365},
  pages     = {e0137282},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose Non-invasive end-points for interventional trials and tailored treatment regimes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for monitoring regionally different manifestations of lung disease instead of global assessment of lung function with spirometry would be valuable. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (1H-MRI) allows for a radiation-free assessment of regional structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term reproducibility of a comprehensive morpho-functional lungMRI protocol in COPD. Materials and Methods 20 prospectively enrolled COPD patients (GOLD I-IV) underwent 1H-MRI of the lung at 1.5T on two consecutive days, including sequences for morphology, 4D contrast-enhanced perfusion, and respiratory mechanics. Image quality and COPD-related morphological and functional changes were evaluated in consensus by three chest radiologists using a dedicated MRI-based visual scoring system. Test-retest reliability was calculated per each individual lung lobe for the extent of large airway (bronchiectasis, wall thickening, mucus plugging) and small airway abnormalities (tree in bud, peripheral bronchiectasis, mucus plugging), consolidations, nodules, parenchymal defects and perfusion defects. The presence of tracheal narrowing, dystelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary trunk ectasia, right ventricular enlargement and, finally, motion patterns of diaphragma and chest wall were addressed. Results Median global scores [10(Q1:8.00; Q3:16.00) vs. 11(Q1:6.00; Q3:15.00)] as well as category subscores were similar between both timepoints, and kappa statistics indicated "almost perfect" global agreement (\(\kappa\)= 0.86, 95\%CI = 0.81-0.91). Most subscores showed at least "substantial" agreement of MRI1 and MRI2 (\(\kappa\)= 0.64-1.00), whereas the agreement for the diagnosis of dystelectasis/effusion (\(\kappa\)= 0.42, 95\%CI = 0.00-0.93) was "moderate" and of tracheal abnormalities (\(\kappa\)= 0.21, 95\%CI = 0.00-0.75) "fair". Most MRI acquisitions showed at least diagnostic quality at MRI1 (276 of 278) and MRI2 (259 of 264). Conclusion Morpho-functional 1H-MRI can be obtained with reproducible image quality and high short-term test-retest reliability for COPD-related morphological and functional changes of the lung. This underlines its potential value for the monitoring of regional lung characteristics in COPD trials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HircheKnoopHebestreitetal.2014,
  author    = {Hirche, T. O. and Knoop, C. and Hebestreit, H. and Shimmin, D. and Sol{\´e}, A. and Elborn, J. S. and Ellemunter, H. and Aurora, P. and Hogardt, M. and Wagner, T. O. F.},
  title     = {Practical Guidelines: Lung Transplantation in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis},
  series = {Pulmonary Medicine},
  volume    = {2014},
  journal   = {Pulmonary Medicine},
  organization    = {ECORN-CF Study Group},
  issn      = {2090-1836},
  doi       = {10.1155/2014/621342},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121569},
  pages     = {621342},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {There are no European recommendations on issues specifically related to lung transplantation (LTX) in cystic fibrosis (CF). The main goal of this paper is to provide CF care team members with clinically relevant CF-specific information on all aspects of LTX, highlighting areas of consensus and controversy throughout Europe. Bilateral lung transplantation has been shown to be an important therapeutic option for end-stage CF pulmonary disease. Transplant function and patient survival after transplantation are better than in most other indications for this procedure. Attention though has to be paid to pretransplant morbidity, time for referral, evaluation, indication, and contraindication in children and in adults. This review makes extensive use of specific evidence in the field of lung transplantation in CF patients and addresses all issues of practical importance. The requirements of pre-, peri-, and postoperative management are discussed in detail including bridging to transplant and postoperative complications, immune suppression, chronic allograft dysfunction, infection, and malignancies being the most important. Among the contributors to this guiding information are 19 members of the ECORN-CF project and other experts. The document is endorsed by the European Cystic Fibrosis Society and sponsored by the Christiane Herzog Foundation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ruf2013,
  author    = {Ruf, Katharina},
  title     = {Effekt maximaler Belastung auf zirkulierende endotheliale und mesenchymale Progenitorzellen bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose und gesunden Probanden},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-90189},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Mukoviszidose als h{\"a}ufigste der seltenen Erkrankungen ist trotz intensiver For-schung und Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten nach wie vor mit einer deutlich verk{\"u}rzten Lebenserwartung assoziiert. In den letzten Jahren hat sich gezeigt, dass k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t einen wichtigen Beitrag nicht nur zur Lebensqualit{\"a}t von Mukoviszidosepatienten leisten kann, sondern auch einen Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf als solches hat. Die genauen Mechanismen des positiven Effekts von Sport auf den Krankheitsverlauf sind jedoch noch nicht hinreichend gekl{\"a}rt. Neben vielen anderen Mechanismen wie verbesserter Sekretelimination aus den Atemwegen, Training des Herz-Kreislaufsystems und Regulierung der {\"u}beraktiven epithelialen Natriumkan{\"a}le wird zunehmend auch ein Anstoßen von Reparaturmechanismen durch Sport diskutiert. Dabei scheinen CD34+-Progenitorzellen und MSCs eine Rolle spielen zu k{\"o}nnen. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwiefern eine maximale Aus-dauerbelastung die Anzahl zirkulierender CD34+-Progenitorzellen und mesen-chymaler Progenitorzellen im peripheren Blut ver{\"a}ndert, was sekund{\"a}r mit Repa-raturvorg{\"a}ngen im Lungengewebe assoziiert sein k{\"o}nnte. Hierf{\"u}r wurde bei 7 Patienten mit Mukoviszidose sowie 9 gesunden Probanden eine Spiroergometrie bis zur subjektiven Ersch{\"o}pfung und vor sowie zehn Minuten nach Beendigung der Aktivit{\"a}t eine Blutentnahme durchgef{\"u}hrt. Neben einer Analyse des Blutbildes inklusive Differenzierung und Bestimmung von Entz{\"u}ndungsparametern erfolgte mittels Durchflusszytometrie die Quantifizierung von CD34+ und mesenchymalen Progenitorzellen. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der CD34+ Progenitorzellen in beiden Studiengruppen nach Belastung, w{\"a}hrend die mesenchymalen Stammzellen keine signifikante {\"A}nderung der Anzahl zeigten. Der Anstieg der CD34+-Progenitorzellen nach k{\"o}rperlicher Belastung ist in der Literatur mehrfach beschrieben und wird als eine Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die Pr{\"a}vention von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen durch Sport genannt. Auch bei akuten wie chronischen Lungenerkrankungen scheinen h{\"a}matopoetische und endotheliale Progenitorzellen eine Rolle bei Reparaturvorg{\"a}ngen zu spielen. Die Rolle der mesenchymalen Stammzellen ist dagegen noch nicht hinreichend gekl{\"a}rt. Insgesamt erschwert die Heterogenit{\"a}t der Gruppe der mesenchymalen Stammzellen eine genaue Quantifizierung, ihr geringes Vorkommen im peripheren Blut stellt eine weitere Schwierigkeit bei der Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung dar. Nachdem zumindest der Nachweis von ansteigenden endothelialen Progenitorzellen auch bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose gelingt, sollte in weiteren Studien die Rolle der mesenchymalen Stammzellen weiter untersucht werden. Insbesondere die Charakterisierung der Zellen in der Zellkultur sowie eine Untersuchung von Zytokinen, die f{\"u}r ein Homing von mesenchymalen Stammzellen verantwortlich sein k{\"o}nnten, scheint wesentlich, um den Mechanismus der Reparaturvorg{\"a}nge besser zu verstehen und so m{\"o}g-licherweise die Therapie der Mukoviszidose zu erweitern.},
  subject      = {Mukoviszidose},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BiedererMirsadraeeBeeretal.2012,
  author    = {Biederer, J{\"u}rgen and Mirsadraee, S. and Beer, M. and Molinari, F. and Hintze, C. and Bauman, G. and Both, M. and Van Beek, E. J. R. and Wild, J. and Puderbach, M.},
  title     = {MRI of the lung (3/3)—current applications and future perspectives},
  series = {Insights into Imaging},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Insights into Imaging},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13244-011-0142-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124348},
  pages     = {373-386},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background MRI of the lung is recommended in a number of clinical indications. Having a non-radiation alternative is particularly attractive in children and young subjects, or pregnant women. Methods Provided there is sufficient expertise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be considered as the preferential modality in specific clinical conditions such as cystic fibrosis and acute pulmonary embolism, since additional functional information on respiratory mechanics and regional lung perfusion is provided. In other cases, such as tumours and pneumonia in children, lung MRI may be considered an alternative or adjunct to other modalities with at least similar diagnostic value. Results In interstitial lung disease, the clinical utility of MRI remains to be proven, but it could provide additional information that will be beneficial in research, or at some stage in clinical practice. Customised protocols for chest imaging combine fast breath-hold acquisitions from a "buffet" of sequences. Having introduced details of imaging protocols in previous articles, the aim of this manuscript is to discuss the advantages and limitations of lung MRI in current clinical practice. Conclusion New developments and future perspectives such as motion-compensated imaging with self-navigated sequences or fast Fourier decomposition MRI for non-contrast enhanced ventilation- and perfusion-weighted imaging of the lung are discussed. Main Messages • MRI evolves as a third lung imaging modality, combining morphological and functional information. • It may be considered first choice in cystic fibrosis and pulmonary embolism of young and pregnant patients. • In other cases (tumours, pneumonia in children), it is an alternative or adjunct to X-ray and CT. • In interstitial lung disease, it serves for research, but the clinical value remains to be proven. • New users are advised to make themselves familiar with the particular advantages and limitations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Brenner2011,
  author    = {Brenner, Sophie Anna},
  title     = {Optimierte Lungenbildgebung an einem offenen MRT bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose - Darstellung der Morphologie und Funktion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71805},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Evaluierung von morphologischen und funktionellen Techniken zur Untersuchung der Lunge am Niederfeld MRT bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose. Patienten mit Mukoviszidose und lungengesunde Probanden wurden an einem Niederfeld-MRT (0,2 Tesla) mittels coronaren TrueFISP, FLASH 2D und FLASH 3D Sequenzen untersucht. T1 und T2*-Messungen wurden w{\"a}hrend Atmung von Raumluft und Atmung von 100 \% Sauerstoff durchgef{\"u}hrt und die Parameterkarten pixelweise berechnet. Die f{\"u}r die Lungenbildgebung am Niederfeld-MRT optimierten 2D und 3D FLASH Sequenzen zeigten ein signifikant besseres Signalverhalten als die Standardsequenz TrueFISP. Zur Beurteilung der Parenchymver{\"a}nderungen wurde ein MR-Score in Anlehnung an den Chrispin-Norman-Score angewandt. Es zeigte sich eine gute Korrelation zwischen dem MR-Score der FLASH-Sequenzen und dem etablierten CN-Score der konventionellen Bildgebung mit einer geringen Interobservariabili{\"a}t f{\"u}r die 2D und 3D FLASH Sequenzen. Schließlich konnte eine O2-gest{\"u}tze funktionelle Bildgebung der Lunge bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose am offenen Niederfeld-MRT etabliert werden. Es zeigten sich gute Korrelationen zwischen der relativen {\"A}nderung der T1 Relaxationszeit und der spirometrisch bestimmten Lungenfunktion. Ein solcher Zusammenhang konnte f{\"u}r die T2*-Messungen nicht hergestellt werden. Aufgrund der Patientenfreundlichkeit ist diese Technik insbesondere f{\"u}r die Untersuchung von Kindern geeignet.},
  subject      = {MRT},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kieser2008,
  author    = {Kieser, Stephanie Beatrix},
  title     = {Effekt eines 6-monatigen Trainings auf die k{\"o}rperliche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Mukoviszidose},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26530},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {K{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t ist ein wichtiges Element im Leben von Patienten mit Cystischer Fibrose. Die k{\"o}rperliche Fitness gilt zur Zeit als einer der besten Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die Langzeit-Mortalit{\"a}t bei Patienten mit CF. Bisherige Studien f{\"u}hrten ausschließlich {\"u}berwachtes Training durch. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, ob ein un{\"u}berwachtes regelm{\"a}ßiges k{\"o}rperliches Heimtraining bei Mukoviszidosepatienten {\"u}ber 6 Monate durchf{\"u}hrbar ist und eine Verbesserung der k{\"o}rperlichen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit erm{\"o}glicht. Es wurden 48 Patienten in Trainingsgruppe (n=23) und Kontrollgruppe (n=25) randomisiert. Die Untersuchungen ergaben im Verlauf eine signifikante Verbesserung der maximalen Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2 max;p=0.0017) und der maximalen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit (W:p=0.0293) bei der Trainingsgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass un{\"u}berwachtes k{\"o}rperliches Training bei CF-Patienten einen Leistungszuwachs bringt und damit Konsequenzen f{\"u}r ihre Lebensqualit{\"a}t und Lebenserwartung hat.},
  subject      = {Mukoviszidose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Bulitta2006,
  author    = {Bulitta, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Innovative techniques for selecting the dose of antibiotics in empiric therapy - focus on beta-lactams and cystic fibrosis patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-19353},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Background: Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling and simulations were applied to identify optimal dosage regimens for antibiotics. As the emergence of bacterial resistance is increasing and as only a few new antibiotics became available during the last decade, optimal use of established agents and preserving their effectiveness seems vital. Objectives: 1) To find the descriptor of body size and body composition which allows to achieve target concentrations and target effects in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) most precisely. 2) To identify the mode of administration with the highest probability of successful treatment for intravenous beta-lactams. 3) To develop formulas for optimal dose selection for patients of various body size. General methods: Drug analysis in plasma and urine was performed by HPLC or LC-MS/MS in a single laboratory, at the IBMP. Drug analysis was not done by the author of this thesis. We used non-compartmental analysis and parametric population PK analysis for all studies. We used non-parametric bootstrapping to assess the uncertainty of PK parameters for our meta-analysis of the PK in CF-patients and healthy volunteers. Plasma concentration time profiles for several thousand virtual subjects were simulated by MCS which account for average PK parameters, their between subject variability (BSV), and patient specific demographic data. Convincing literature data show that the duration of non-protein bound concentration above MIC (fT>MIC) best predicts the microbiological and clinical success of beta-lactams and the area under the non-protein bound concentration curve divided by the MIC (fAUC/MIC) best predicts success for quinolones. We used PKPD targets from literature that were based on the fT>MIC or fAUC/MIC, respectively. Achieving a PKPD target was used as a surrogate measure for successful treatment. In our MCS, we calculated the fT>MIC or fAUC/MIC for all simulated concentration profiles and compared it to the value of the PKPD target. The fraction of subjects who achieved the target at the respective MIC approximates the probability of target attainment (PTA). The PTA can be interpreted as probability of successful treatment under certain assumptions. Studies in CF-patients Methods: We had data from ten studies (seven beta-lactams and three quinolones) in CF-patients which all included a healthy volunteer control group. Clinical procedures were very similar for all ten studies. Both subject groups had study conditions as similar as possible. We had data on 90 CF-patients (average +/- SD, age: 21+/-3.6 yrs) and on 111 healthy volunteers (age: 25+/-3.5 yrs). We compared the average clearance and volume of distribution between CF-patients and healthy volunteers for various body size descriptors including total body weight (WT), fat-free mass (FFM), and predicted normal weight (PNWT). We considered linear and allometric scaling of PK parameters by body size and used a meta-analysis based on population PK parameters for the comparison of CF-patients and healthy volunteers. Target concentrations can be achieved more precisely, if a size descriptor reduces the random, unexplained BSV. Therefore, we studied the reduction of unexplained BSV for each size descriptor relative to linear scaling by WT, since doses for CF-patients are commonly selected as mg/kg WT. Results: Without accounting for body size, average total clearance was 15\% lower (p=0.005) and volume of distribution at steady-state was 17\% lower (p=0.001) in CF-patients compared to healthy volunteers. For linear scaling by WT, average total clearance in CF-patients divided by total clearance in healthy volunteers was 1.15 (p=0.013). This ratio was 1.06 (p=0.191) for volume of distribution. A ratio of 1.0 indicates that CF-patients and healthy volunteers of the same body size have identical average clearances or volumes of distribution. For allometric scaling by FFM or PNWT, the ratio of total clearance and volume of distribution between CF-patients and healthy volunteers was within 0.80 and 1.25 for almost all drugs and the average ratio was close to 1. Allometric scaling by FFM or PNWT reduced the unexplained BSV in renal clearance by 24 to 27\% (median of 10 drugs) relative to linear scaling by WT. The unexplained BSV was reduced for seven or eight of the ten drugs by more than 15\% and the remaining two or three drugs had essentially unchanged (+/-15\%) unexplained BSVs in renal clearance. Conclusions: The PK in CF-patients was comparable to the PK in healthy volunteers after accounting for body size and body composition by allometric scaling with FFM or PNWT. Target concentrations and target effects in CF-patients can be achieved most precisely by dose selection based on an allometric size model with FFM or PNWT. Future studies are warranted to study the clinical superiority of allometric dosing by FFM or PNWT compared to dose selection as mg/kg WT in CF-patients.},
  subject      = {Populationskinetik},
  language  = {en}
}