@article{SiwkaSchwinnBaczkoetal.1994,
  author    = {Siwka, Wieslaw and Schwinn, Andreas and Baczko, Knut and Pardowitz, Iancu and Mhalu, Fred and Shao, John and Rethwilm, Axel and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {vpu and env sequence variability of HIV-1 isolates from Tanzania},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61355},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaurerSerflingterMeulenetal.1991,
  author    = {Maurer, Bernd and Serfling, Edgar and ter Meulen, Volker and Rethwilm, Axel},
  title     = {Transcription factor AP-1 modulates the activity of the human foamy virus long terminal repeat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61444},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The human foamy virus (HFV) contains within the UJ region of its long terminal repeat (L TR) three perfect consensus sequences for the binding of the inducible transcription factor AP-1. Results of DNase I footprint protection and gel retardation assays demonstrated that proteins in extracts of HeLa and BHK-21 cells as weil as bacterially expressed Jun and Fos proteins bind to these AP-1 sites. By conducting transient expression assays using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids carrying LTR sequences with point-mutated AP-1 sites it was found that the three AP-1 sites contribute to the optimal activity ofthe HFV promoter. It is shown that lnduction of the HFV L TR by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and serum factors is mediated through the AP-1 sites.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RethwilmBaunachMorietal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Baunach, Gerald and Mori, Kazuyasu and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Transactivation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86436},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {To study the activation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of HSRV, HIVl and HIV2 were examined with respect to their ability to function as transcriptional promoters in virus infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using plasmids in which the L TRs of the three viruses were coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CA T) gene revealed (i) the level of cat gene expression directed by the HSRV LTR was markedly increased in HSRV infected cells compared to uninfected cells, (ii) cat gene expression driven by the HIV1 LTR, but not by the HIV2 LTR could be enhanced upon HSRV infection, whereas (iii) neither in HIV1 nor in HIV2 infected cells an effect on HSRV LTR driven cat geneexpression was detected.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RethwilmMoriMaureretal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Mori, Kazuyasu and Maurer, Bernd and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Transacting transcriptional activation of human spumaretrovirus LTR in infected cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61488},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was examined with respect to its ability to function as transcriptional promotor in virus-infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using a plasmid in which the 3' L TR of HSRV was coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol cetyltransferase (cat) gene revealed that the Ievei of HSRV LTR-directed cat gene expression was markedly increased in HSRV-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. Northern blot analysis of cat mRNA from transfected cultures suggests that transactivation of HSRVdirected gene expression occurs at the transcriptionallevel.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RethwilmErlweinBaunachetal.1991,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Erlwein, Otto and Baunach, Gerald and Mauerer, Bernd and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {The transcriptional transactivator of human foamy virus maps to the bel 1 genomic region},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47342},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The human foamy virus (HFV) genome possesses three open reading frames (bel I, 2, and 3) located between env and the 3' long terminal repeat. By analogy to other human retroviruses this region was selected as the most Iikely candidate to encode the viral transactivator. ResuIts presented here confirmed this and showed further that a deletion introduced only into the bell open reading frame of a plasmid derived from an infectious molecular clone of HFV abolished transactivation. In contrast, deletions in bel 2 and bel 3 had only minor effects on the ability to transactivate. The role of the bel I genomic region as a transactivator was further investigated by eukaryotic expression of a genome fragment of HFV spanning the bel I open reading frame. A construct expressing bell under control of a heterologous promoter was found to transactivate the HFV long terminal repeat in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, it is shown that the U3 region of the HFV long terminal repeat is sufficient to respond to the HFV transactivator.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerKrennCzubetal.1993,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, J. and Krenn, V. and Czub, S. and Schindler, C. and Kneitz, C. and Kerkau, T. and Stahl-Henning, C. and Coulibaly, C. and Hunsmann, G. and Rethwilm, Axel and ter Meulen, Volker and M{\"u}ller-Hermelink, H. K.},
  title     = {The thymus in SIV infection},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80265},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {HIV-Infektion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpannausHartlWoehrletal.2012,
  author    = {Spannaus, Ralf and Hartl, Maximilian J. and W{\"o}hrl, Birgitta M. and Rethwilm, Axel and Bodem, Jochen},
  title     = {The prototype foamy virus protease is active independently of the integrase domain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75370},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Recently, contradictory results on foamy virus protease activity were published. While our own results indicated that protease activity is regulated by the viral RNA, others suggested that the integrase is involved in the regulation of the protease. Results: To solve this discrepancy we performed additional experiments showing that the protease-reverse transcriptase (PR-RT) exhibits protease activity in vitro and in vivo, which is independent of the integrase domain. In contrast, Pol incorporation, and therefore PR activity in the viral context, is dependent on the integrase domain. To further analyse the regulation of the protease, we incorporated Pol in viruses by expressing a GagPol fusion protein, which supported near wild-type like infectivity. A GagPR-RT fusion, lacking the integrase domain, also resulted in wild-type like Gag processing, indicating that the integrase is dispensable for viral Gag maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrate with a trans-complementation assays that the PR in the context of the PR-RT protein supports in trans both, viral maturation and infectivity. Conclusion: We provide evidence that the FV integrase is required for Pol encapsidation and that the FV PR activity is integrase independent. We show that an active PR can be encapsidated in trans as a GagPR-RT fusion protein.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GowSimpsonSchliephakeetal.1992,
  author    = {Gow, J. W. and Simpson, K. and Schliephake, Andreas and Behan, W. M. and Morrison, L. J. and Cavanagh, H. and Rethwilm, Axel and Behan, P. O.},
  title     = {Search for retrovirus in the chronic fatigue syndrome},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61436},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Aim: To examine peripheral blood and skeletal muscle from patients with chronic fadgue syndrome for exogenous retrovirus. Methods: Blood samples from 30 patients and muscle biopsy specimens of 15 patients were examined for retroviral sequences by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reacdon (PCR), and Southern blotting hybridisation. Sera were examined for human foamy virus by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Results: No difference between the padent and control populations was found for any of the PCR primer sets used (gag, pol, env, and tax regions of HTLV VII). An endogenous gag band was observed in both the padent and control groups. All sera were negative for antibody to human foamy virus. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is no evidence of retroviral involvement in the chronic fatigue syndrome.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JocherRethwilmKapposetal.1990,
  author    = {Jocher, R. and Rethwilm, Axel and Kappos, L. and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Search for retroviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61462},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {DNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 1 patient with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) as well as DNAs from brain and spinal cord of 5 MS cases and 3 controls were examined for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-related sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The primers used were derived from the HTLV-1 gag, env and tax genes. Amplified products were separated on agarase gels, blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridized to specific radiolabelled oligonucleotides. The sensitivity of amplification and hybridization was one copy of target DNA in 10\8^5\) cellular genomes. None of the specimens was positive for HTLV-1 sequences except the TSP probe. These negative data are all the more significant because brain -material from MS patients was used in these studies. Our studies thus fail to support speculations that HTLV-I is involved in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MoriRethwilmSchwinnetal.1990,
  author    = {Mori, Kazuyasu and Rethwilm, Axel and Schwinn, Andreas and Horak, Ivan},
  title     = {Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human t-cells expressing antisense RNA},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86426},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}