@article{Reiners2011,
  author    = {Reiners, Christoph},
  title     = {Clinical Experiences with Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75475},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The risk of developing thyroid cancer increases considerably after exposure to external or internal radiation, especially in children below the age of 10. After the Chernobyl reactor accident, the yearly incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus increased to approximately 40 per 1.000.000 in girls and to roughly 20 per 1.000.000 in boys compared to approximately 0.5 cases per 1.000.000 prior to the accident. Typically, young children with thyroid cancer after radiation exposure present in ≈95\% of the cases as papillary cancers, in ≈50\% as invasive tumors growing outside the thyroid capsule, in ≈65\% with lymph node metastases and in ≈15\% with distant metastases. A joint Belarusian-German project starting in April 1993 that combined treatment with surgery and radioiodine was organized in 237 selected children from Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout and had advanced stages of thyroid cancer. The study group included 141 girls and 96 boys. Their median age at the time of the accident was 1.7 years; whereas the median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.4 years. With the exception of two cases with follicular histology, the majority of the patients had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancers. In 63\%, the tumor had grown outside the thyroid capsule and invaded the tissue of the neck (pT4). Nearly all of the selected cases (96\%) showed-up with lymph node metastases (pN1) and 43\% of the patients with distant metastases mainly to the lungs (pM1). In 58\% of the children, complete remissions of thyroid cancer could be achieved until December 31st 2010 and in 34\% of the children, stable partial remissions; in the remaining 8\% of the patients, partial remissions were observed. The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer increased considerably in children and adolescents who were affected by the Chernobyl reactor accident. In spite of the fact, that thyroid cancers in young children seem to behave more aggressively than in older patients, the results of combined treatment with thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement are excellent.},
  subject      = {Chernobyl},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Thies2015,
  author    = {Thies, Elena-Daphne Doroth{\´e}e},
  title     = {Die Prognose des differenzierten Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinoms in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der zum Erreichen eines erkrankungsfreien Zustands ben{\"o}tigten Zahl der I-131-Therapien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110981},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Ziel: Absch{\"a}tzung der Risiken des Rezidivs des differenzierten Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinoms, der Karzinom-bedingten Mortalit{\"a}t und der Karzinom-bedingten Reduktion der Lebenserwartung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Anzahl der zum Erreichen eines krankheitsfreien Zustands ben{\"o}tigten I-131-Therapien (Radioiodtherapien) und der f{\"u}r die Krankheitsfreiheit ben{\"o}tigten kumulativen Aktivit{\"a}t. Methoden: Analyse anhand von in der W{\"u}rzburger Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinom-Datenbank erfassten Verlaufsdaten unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung eigener zus{\"a}tzlicher Erhebungen zum follow-up.von 896 Patienten, die nach einer oder mehreren Radioiodtherapien im Therapieverlauf Erkrankungsfreiheit erreichten (negative TSH-stimulierte Thyreoglobulin-Messung in Kombination mit einer negativen I-131-Ganzk{\"o}rperszintigraphie). Ergebnisse: Die erfassbare Nachsorgedauer betrug in Median 9.0 Jahre (Spannbreite 0.1-31.8 Jahre). Rezidiv-Raten nach 5 und 10 Jahren und am Ende der Nachsorge betrugen 1,0±0,3\%, 4,0±0,7\% und 6,2±1,1\%. Die Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinom-bedingte Sterberate betrug jeweils 0,1±0,1\%, 0,5±0,3\% und 3,4±1,1\%. Mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl von ben{\"o}tigten Radioiodtherapien nahm die Rezidivrate zu (p=0.001). Die Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinom-bedingte Sterblichkeitsrate ist ab 4 ben{\"o}tigten Radioiodtherapien erh{\"o}ht. Bei Patienten, die nach einer Radioiodtherapie krankheitsfrei waren, finden sich zwischen Niedrig- und Hochrisikopatienten keine Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich Rezidiv- und Sterblichkeitsrate. Bei Patienten, die zwei Radioiodtherapien ben{\"o}tigten, waren Rezidiv- und Sterblichkeitsrate der Hochrisikopatienten erh{\"o}ht. Bez{\"u}glich der kumulativ ben{\"o}tigten Aktivit{\"a}t zeigten sich nur bei Patienten, die eine kumulative Aktivit{\"a}t von {\"u}ber 22,2 GBq ben{\"o}tigten, erh{\"o}hte Rezidiv- und Sterberaten. Im vorliegenden Studienkollektiv mit einer inh{\"a}rent guten Prognose zeigte sich eine uneingeschr{\"a}nkte Lebenserwartung unabh{\"a}ngig von der ben{\"o}tigen Anzahl der Radioiodtherapien oder der ben{\"o}tigten kumulativen Aktivit{\"a}t. Fazit: Falls mehr als eine Radioiodtherapie oder eine hohe kumulative I-131 Aktivit{\"a}t ben{\"o}tigt wird, um einen krankheitsfreien Zustand zu erreichen, muss mit einer Rezidiv- und Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinom-bedingten Sterblichkeits-Rate gerechnet werden, vor allem bei Hochrisikopatienten.},
  subject      = {Differentiated thyroid carcinoma},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChifuHeinzeFussetal.2020,
  author    = {Chifu, Irina and Heinze, Britta and Fuss, Carmina T. and Lang, Katharina and Kroiss, Matthias and Kircher, Stefan and Ronchi, Cristina L. and Altieri, Barbara and Schirbel, Andreas and Fassnacht, Martin and Hahner, Stefanie},
  title     = {Impact of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on Clinical Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma},
  series = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  issn      = {1664-2392},
  doi       = {10.3389/fendo.2020.597878},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216494},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chemokine receptors have a negative impact on tumor progression in several human cancers and have therefore been of interest for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. However, their clinical and prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemokine receptor profile in ACC and to analyse its association with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. A chemokine receptor profile was initially evaluated by quantitative PCR in 4 normal adrenals, 18 ACC samples and human ACC cell line NCI-H295. High expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both healthy and malignant adrenal tissue and ACC cells was confirmed. In the next step, we analyzed the expression and cellular localization of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in ACC by immunohistochemistry in 187 and 84 samples, respectively. These results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome. We detected strong membrane expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in 50\% of ACC samples. Strong cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was more frequent among samples derived from metastases compared to primaries (p=0.01) and local recurrences (p=0.04). CXCR4 membrane staining positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 (r=0.17, p=0.028). CXCR7 membrane staining negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.254, p=0.03) but positively with tumor size (r=0.3, p=0.02). No differences in progression-free or overall survival were observed between patients with strong and weak staining intensities for CXCR4 or CXCR7. Taken together, high expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both local tumors and metastases suggests that some ACC patients might benefit from CXCR4/CXCR7-targeted therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Offenberger2011,
  author    = {Offenberger, Katrin},
  title     = {Prognosefaktoren des differenzierten Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinoms : Retrospektive Analyse bei 1174 Patienten des interdisziplin{\"a}ren Tumorregisters der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65534},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Analyse wurden Prognosefaktoren des differenzierten Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinomes untersucht anhand eines Patientenkollektiv von 1174 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 01.01.1980 bis 31.12.2004 an der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Nuklearmedizin der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg eine Behandlung erhielten bzw. betreut wurden. Analysiert wurden sowohl tumorbezogene Prognosefaktoren wie Histologie, Tumorstadien, Lymphknotenstatus und Fernmetastasierung, zudem patientenspezifische Faktoren wie Alter und Geschlecht. Bez{\"u}glich dieser Prognosefaktoren konnten wir die Daten fr{\"u}herer Jahre am Patientengut der W{\"u}rzburger nuklearmedizinischen Klinik best{\"a}tigen. Außerdem wurde die Auswirkung auf das krankheitsfreie {\"U}berleben in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der postoperativen Tumorfreiheit und nach einer erfolgten Radioiodtherapie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden kritisch in den Kontext der aktuellen Studienlage gestellt.},
  subject      = {Schilddr{\"u}se},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Verburg2008,
  author    = {Verburg, Frederik Anton},
  title     = {The course of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients in whom the initial I-131 ablative treatment was successful},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33346},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Objective: The objective of this study was to study recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who after initial therapy consisting of total thyroidectomy and I-131 ablation, were cured defined as a negative TSH-stimulated Tg-levels and a negative I-131 whole body scan (WBS) at the first follow-up after ablation. Methods: Retrospective data for differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients from three university hospitals were pooled. Out of 1993 patients, 526 cured patients were included. All patients received at least one more TSH-stimulated WBS and Tg-measurement within 5 years after initial treatment. Results: 12 patients (2.1\%) developed a recurrence after an average interval of 35 months (range: 12-59 months) following administration I-131 ablation. Overall disease-free survival according to the method of Kaplan-Meier was 96.6\%. There was no difference in disease-free survival between high- and low-risk patients (p=0.61). Recurrence was first discovered by Tg-measurement during levothyroxin therapy in 7 patients, and by TSH-stimulated Tg-measurement in 5 patients. I-131 WBS did not contribute to the detection of recurrences. Multivariate analysis showed that age TNM-stage (p=0.015) and histology (p=0.032) were independent predictors of disease-free survival. Conclusion: Recurrence is a rare event in patients with DTC who received total thyroidectomy with subsequent I-131 ablation, and who had a negative first follow-up TSH-stimulated I-131 WBS and negative concurrent Tg. In the study population there were no recurrences after more than 5 years of follow-up.},
  subject      = {Schilddr{\"u}senkrebs},
  language  = {en}
}