@article{ScheerMessnerHazanetal.1987,
  author    = {Scheer, Ulrich and Messner, Karin and Hazan, Rachel and Raska, Ivan and Hansmann, Paul and Falk, Heinz and Spiess, Eberhard and Franke, Werner W.},
  title     = {High sensitivity immunolocalization of double and single-stranded DNA by a monoclonal antibody},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41063},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {A monoclonal antibody (AK 30-10) is described which specifically reacts with DNA both in double and single-stranded forms but not with other molecules and structures, including deoxyribonucleotides and RNAs. When used in immunocytochemical experiments on tissue sections and permeabilized cultured cells, this antibody detects DNA-containing structures, even when the DNA is present in very small amounts. Examples of high resolution detection include the DNA present in amplified extrachromosomal nucleoli, chromomeres of lampbrush chromosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts and mycoplasmal particles. In immunoelectron microscopy using the immunogold technique, the DNA was localized in distinct substructures such as the "fibrillar centers" of nucleoli and certain stromal centers in chloroplasts. The antibody also reacts with DNA of chromatin of living cells, as shown by microinjection into cultured mitotic cells and into nuclei of amphibian oocytes. The potential value and the limitations of immunocytochemical DNA detection are discussed.},
  subject      = {Cytologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Koerner2004,
  author    = {K{\"o}rner, Ulrich},
  title     = {Funktionelle Rolle von HMGN-Proteinen w{\"a}hrend der Embryonalentwicklung von Xenopus laevis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-9166},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {HMGN Proteine sind Architekturelemente des Chromatins und besitzen die F{\"a}higkeit, Chromatin aufzulockern. Sie erm{\"o}glichen anderen Proteinen den Zugang zu Nukleosomen und unterst{\"u}tzen DNA-abh{\"a}ngige Prozesse wie Replikation, Transkription und DNA-Reparatur. In dieser Arbeit wurde die funktionelle Rolle der HMGN Proteine w{\"a}hrend der Embryogenese am Beispiel des s{\"u}dafrikanischen Krallenfroschs Xenopus laevis untersucht. Dabei wurde entdeckt, dass sowohl die Expression als auch die zellul{\"a}re Verteilung der HMGN Proteine entwicklungsspezifisch reguliert ist. Eine Manipulation der HMGN Proteinmengen w{\"a}hrend der Embryonalentwicklung f{\"u}hrte zu schweren Fehlentwicklungen in Postblastula Embryonen. In der Oogenese waren sowohl Xenopus HMGN mRNAs als auch Xenopus HMGN Proteine in allen Oozytenstadien nachweisbar. Interessanterweise waren HMGN Proteine in sp{\"a}teren Oozytenstadien nur im Zytoplasma zu finden und nicht mit Lampenb{\"u}rstenchromosomen assoziiert. Im Zuge der Maturation der Oozyten zu Eiern verschwinden die Proteine g{\"a}nzlich. W{\"a}hrend der Embryogenese waren HMGN Proteine dann erst wieder ab der Blastula detektierbar, zeitgleich mit der transkriptionellen Aktivierung des embryonalen Genoms. Gleichzeitig wiesen ihre Expressionsmuster, zumindest auf mRNA-Ebene, auf Gewebspezifit{\"a}t hin. Whole mount in situ-Hybridisierungen und RT-PCR-Analysen zeigten eine erh{\"o}hte mRNA-Menge in mesodermalen und neuroektodermalen Geweben von Schwanzknospenstadien. Nach Injektion rekombinanter HMGN Proteine ({\"U}berexpression) oder Morpholino-Antisense-Oligonukleotiden (knock-down) in die Zygote entwickelten sich Embryonen mit offenen R{\"u}cken, stark verk{\"u}rzten und gebogenen K{\"o}rperachsen und deformierten Kopfstrukturen als Hauptmerkmale. Histologische Analysen und insbesondere die Magnetresonanz Bildgebung deuteten auf Fehler in der Mesodermdifferenzierung hin. Die Analysen zeigen, dass eine bestimmte kritische zellul{\"a}re HMGN Proteinmenge f{\"u}r eine korrekte Embryonalentwicklung von Xenopus laevis notwendig ist. Durch „animal cap assays" und RT-PCR-Expressionsanalysen Mesoderm-spezifischer Gene konnte schließlich gezeigt werden, dass HMGN Proteine die Regulation Mesoderm-spezifischer Gene beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass auch die HMGN-Genexpression w{\"a}hrend der Mesodermdifferenzierung reguliert wird. Durch eine Analyse des Expressionsbeginns entwicklungsrelevanter Gene w{\"a}hrend der Midblastula Transition konnte gezeigt werden, dass ver{\"a}nderte HMGN Proteinmengen den Expressionsbeginn spezifischer Gene wie Xbra und chordin beeinflussen. Damit konnte zum ersten Mal ein Einfluss dieser ubiquit{\"a}ren Chromatinproteine auf die Expression spezifischer Gene gefunden werden. Die durch HMGN Proteine verursachte fehlerhafte Expression von Xbra und chordin als Schl{\"u}sselgene der Mesodermdifferenzierung kann die Fehlentwicklungen mesodermaler Strukturen erkl{\"a}ren.},
  subject      = {Glatter Krallenfrosch},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LandoEndesfelderBergeretal.2012,
  author    = {Lando, David and Endesfelder, Ulrike and Berger, Harald and Subramanian, Lakxmi and Dunne, Paul D. and McColl, James and Klenerman, David and Carr, Antony M. and Sauer, Markus and Allshire, Robin C. and Heilemann, Mike and Laue, Ernest D.},
  title     = {Quantitative single-molecule microscopy reveals that CENP-A\(^{Cnp1}\) deposition occurs during G2 in fission yeast},
  series = {Open Biology},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Open Biology},
  number    = {120078},
  doi       = {10.1098/rsob.120078},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134682},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The inheritance of the histone H3 variant CENP-A in nucleosomes at centromeres following DNA replication is mediated by an epigenetic mechanism. To understand the process of epigenetic inheritance, or propagation of histones and histone variants, as nucleosomes are disassembled and reassembled in living eukaryotic cells, we have explored the feasibility of exploiting photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM). PALM of single molecules in living cells has the potential to reveal new concepts in cell biology, providing insights into stochastic variation in cellular states. However, thus far, its use has been limited to studies in bacteria or to processes occurring near the surface of eukaryotic cells. With PALM, one literally observes and 'counts' individual molecules in cells one-by-one and this allows the recording of images with a resolution higher than that determined by the diffraction of light (the so-called super-resolution microscopy). Here, we investigate the use of different fluorophores and develop procedures to count the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A\(^{Cnp1}\) with single-molecule sensitivity in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). The results obtained are validated by and compared with ChIP-seq analyses. Using this approach, CENP-A\(^{Cnp1}\) levels at fission yeast (S. pombe) centromeres were followed as they change during the cell cycle. Our measurements show that CENP-A(Cnp1) is deposited solely during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DejungSubotaBuceriusetal.2016,
  author    = {Dejung, Mario and Subota, Ines and Bucerius, Ferdinand and Dindar, G{\"u}lcin and Freiwald, Anja and Engstler, Markus and Boshart, Michael and Butter, Falk and Janzen, Chistian J.},
  title     = {Quantitative proteomics uncovers novel factors involved in developmental differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei},
  series = {PLoS Pathogens},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS Pathogens},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1005439},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146362},
  pages     = {e1005439},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Developmental differentiation is a universal biological process that allows cells to adapt to different environments to perform specific functions. African trypanosomes progress through a tightly regulated life cycle in order to survive in different host environments when they shuttle between an insect vector and a vertebrate host. Transcriptomics has been useful to gain insight into RNA changes during stage transitions; however, RNA levels are only a moderate proxy for protein abundance in trypanosomes. We quantified 4270 protein groups during stage differentiation from the mammalian-infective to the insect form and provide classification for their expression profiles during development. Our label-free quantitative proteomics study revealed previously unknown components of the differentiation machinery that are involved in essential biological processes such as signaling, posttranslational protein modifications, trafficking and nuclear transport. Furthermore, guided by our proteomic survey, we identified the cause of the previously observed differentiation impairment in the histone methyltransferase DOT1B knock-out strain as it is required for accurate karyokinesis in the first cell division during differentiation. This epigenetic regulator is likely involved in essential chromatin restructuring during developmental differentiation, which might also be important for differentiation in higher eukaryotic cells. Our proteome dataset will serve as a resource for detailed investigations of cell differentiation to shed more light on the molecular mechanisms of this process in trypanosomes and other eukaryotes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VellmerHartlebFraderaSolaetal.2022,
  author    = {Vellmer, Tim and Hartleb, Laura and Fradera Sola, Albert and Kramer, Susanne and Meyer-Natus, Elisabeth and Butter, Falk and Janzen, Christian J.},
  title     = {A novel SNF2 ATPase complex in Trypanosoma brucei with a role in H2A.Z-mediated chromatin remodelling},
  series = {PLoS Pathogens},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {PLoS Pathogens},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1010514},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301372},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A cascade of histone acetylation events with subsequent incorporation of a histone H2A variant plays an essential part in transcription regulation in various model organisms. A key player in this cascade is the chromatin remodelling complex SWR1, which replaces the canonical histone H2A with its variant H2A.Z. Transcriptional regulation of polycistronic transcription units in the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been shown to be highly dependent on acetylation of H2A.Z, which is mediated by the histone-acetyltransferase HAT2. The chromatin remodelling complex which mediates H2A.Z incorporation is not known and an SWR1 orthologue in trypanosomes has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified and characterised an SWR1-like remodeller complex in T. brucei that is responsible for Pol II-dependent transcriptional regulation. Bioinformatic analysis of potential SNF2 DEAD/Box helicases, the key component of SWR1 complexes, identified a 1211 amino acids-long protein that exhibits key structural characteristics of the SWR1 subfamily. Systematic protein-protein interaction analysis revealed the existence of a novel complex exhibiting key features of an SWR1-like chromatin remodeller. RNAi-mediated depletion of the ATPase subunit of this complex resulted in a significant reduction of H2A.Z incorporation at transcription start sites and a subsequent decrease of steady-state mRNA levels. Furthermore, depletion of SWR1 and RNA-polymerase II (Pol II) caused massive chromatin condensation. The potential function of several proteins associated with the SWR1-like complex and with HAT2, the key factor of H2A.Z incorporation, is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}