@article{TrendelenburgScheerFranke1973,
  author    = {Trendelenburg, Michael F. and Scheer, Ulrich and Franke, W. W.},
  title     = {Structural organization of the transcription of ribosomal DNA in oocytes of the house cricket},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33113},
  year      = {1973},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TrendelenburgFrankeScheer1977,
  author    = {Trendelenburg, Michael F. and Franke, Werner W. and Scheer, Ulrich},
  title     = {Frequencies of circular units of nucleolar DNA in oocytes of two insects, Acheta domesticus and Dytiscus marginalis, and changes of nucleolar morphology during oogenesis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41370},
  year      = {1977},
  abstract  = {The organization of the extrachromosomal nucleolar material in oocytes of two insect species with different ovary types, the house cricket Acheta domesticus (panoistic ovary) and the water beetle Dytiscus marginalis (meroistic ovary), was studied with light and electron microscopic techniques. Stages early in oogenesis were compared with fully vitellogenic stages (mid-to-Iate diplotene). The arrangement of the nucleolar material undergoes a marked change from a densely aggregated to a dispersed state. The latter was characterized by high transcriptional activity. In spread and positively stained preparations of isolated nucleolar material, a high frequency of small circular units of transcribed rDNA was observed and rings with small numbers (1-5) of pre-rRNA genes were predominant. The observations suggest that the "extra DNA body" observed in early oogenic stages of both species represents a dense aggregate of numerous short circular units of nucleolar chromatin, with morphological subcomponents identifiable in ultrathin sections. These apparently remain in close association with the chromosomal nucleolar organizer(s). The observations further indicate that the individual small nucleolar subunit circles dissociate and are dispersed as actively transcribed rDNA units later in diplotene. The results are discussed in relation to principles of the ultrastructural organization of nucleoli in other cell types as well as in relation to possible mechanisms of gene amplification.},
  subject      = {Zelldifferenzierung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TrendelenburgFrankeSpringetal.1975,
  author    = {Trendelenburg, M. F. and Franke, Werner W. and Spring, H. and Scheer, Ulrich},
  title     = {Ultrastructure of transcription in the nucleoli of the green algae Acetabularia major and A. mediterranea},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33779},
  year      = {1975},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Treichel2003,
  author    = {Treichel, Dieter},
  title     = {Isolierung, evolutive Einordnung und funktionelle Charakterisierung von Knopfkopf, einem buttonhead-Ortholog in der Maus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-5867},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Isolierung des Sp1-verwandten Transkriptionsfaktors Knopfkopf mittels eines PCR-basierten Homologie-Screens in der Maus. Das Gen Knopfkopf wurde anschließend hinsichtlich der evolutiven Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zum Drosophila-Gen buttonhead eingeordnet. Eine funktionelle Charakterisierung erfolgte mit Hilfe einer gezielten Geninaktivierung durch homologe Rekombination (knock out). Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Gen in der Embryogenese der Maus essentiell ist f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Extremit{\"a}ten, der Nase und des Zentralen Nervensystems sowie der sekund{\"a}ren Gastrulation.},
  subject      = {Maus},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Torlopp2010,
  author    = {Torlopp, Angela},
  title     = {Die Rolle von FGF in der fr{\"u}hen Kardiogenese und Proepikardiogenese im H{\"u}hnerembryo},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47695},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit sollte die Funktion von FGF-Signalen im Herzfeld und in der Entwicklung des Proepikards im H{\"u}hnerembryo untersucht werden. Fibroblasten-Wachstumsfaktoren (FGF) sind eine große Gruppe von Signalmolek{\"u}len und in eine Vielzahl von Entwicklungsprozessen involviert. Das Proepikard (PE), welches sich asymmetrisch auf dem rechten Sinushorn des Sinus venosus entwickelt, bildet die Grundlage des Koronargef{\"a}ßsystems des Herzens. FGF-Liganden (FGF2, FGF10, FGF12) werden insbesondere in den epithelialen Zellen des Proepikards exprimiert, sowie an der sinomyokardialen Basis dieser embryonalen Progenitorpopulation. Die FGF-Rezeptoren (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR4) weisen ein {\"a}hnliches Expressionsmuster auf und deren Inhibition, durch spezifische Antagonisten, war der Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r die funktionelle Analyse der proepikardialen FGF-Signalaktivit{\"a}t. Die Inhibition von FGF-Signalen in vitro f{\"u}hrt zu einem verringerten Wachstum sowie einer erh{\"o}hten Apoptoserate in proepikardialen Explantaten, die unter serumfreien Bedingungen kultiviert wurden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl der Ras/MAPK- als auch der PI3-Kinase-Signalweg, beides Bestandteile der FGF-Signaltransduktion, f{\"u}r das Wachstum und {\"U}berleben proepikardialer Zellen verantwortlich sind. Dagegen sind FGF-Signale nicht in die Etablierung proepikardialer Identit{\"a}t involviert, wie die Analyse der Expression etablierter proepikardialer Markergene wie TBX18, WT1 und TBX5 nach FGF-Inhibition zeigte. Dies konnte gleichfalls durch in vivo-Experimente gezeigt werden, in denen die rechtsseitige Inhibition von FGF zu einem retardierten Proepikardwachstum f{\"u}hrte. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die asymmetrische Apoptose in der sich transient entwickelnden linksseitigen Proepikardanlage auf eine fr{\"u}he differentielle Expression von Apoptosegenen wie Caspase 2 zur{\"u}ckgeht. Diese asymmetrische Expression wird von FGF8 reguliert, wahrscheinlich als Teil eines fr{\"u}hen rechtsseitigen Signalweges, der Apoptose im rechten Sinushorn des kardialen Einflusstraktes verhindert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Expression der Hyaluronansynthase 2 (HAS2) in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von FGF in der Herzfeldregion analysiert. Hyaluronansynthasen produzieren Hyalurons{\"a}ure, welches eine essentielle Komponente der extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix ist. Es wurde in vivo gezeigt, dass die Expression von HAS2 im prim{\"a}ren Herzfeld in gleicher Weise von FGF reguliert wird wie die des kardialen Transkriptionsfaktors NKX2.5. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit verdeutlichen, dass FGF w{\"a}hrend der fr{\"u}hen Entwicklung des Herzens und der Entstehung des Proepikards diverse Funktionen besitzt.},
  subject      = {Huhn},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TonyShenReuschetal.1994,
  author    = {Tony, H. P. and Shen, B. J. and Reusch, P. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Design of human interleukin-4 antagonists inhibiting interleukin-4-dependent and interleukin-13-dependent responses in T-cells and B-cells with high efficiency},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62394},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Human interleukin-4 possesses two distinct sites for receptor activation. A signaHing site, comprising residues near the C-terminus on helix D, determines the efficacy of interleukin-4 signal transduction without affecting the binding to the interleukin-4 receptor a subunit. A complete antagonist and a series of low-efficacy agonist variants of human interleukin-4 could be generated by introducing combinations of two or three negatively charged aspartic acid residues in this site at positions 121, 124, and 125. One of the double variants, designated [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4, with replacements of b{\"o}th Arg121 and Tyr124 by aspartic acid residues was completely inactive in all analysed cellular responses. The loss of efficacy in [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4 is estimated to be larger than 2000-fold. Variant [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4 was also a perfect antagonist for inhibition of interleukin-13-dependent responses in B-cells and the TF-1 cellline with a K\(_i\) value of approximately 100 pM. In addition, inhibition of both interleukin-4-induced and interleuk.in-13- induced responses could be obtained by monoclonal antibody X2/45 raised against interleukin-4Rm the extracellular domain of the interleuk.in-4 receptor a subunit. These results indicate that efficient interleukin-4 antagonists can be designed on the basis of a sequential two-step activation model. In addition, the experiments indicate the functional participation of the interleukin-4 receptor a subunit in the interleukin-13 receptor system.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TonyLehrnbecherMerzetal.1991,
  author    = {Tony, H. P. and Lehrnbecher, T. and Merz, H. and Sebald, Werner and Wilhelm, M.},
  title     = {Regulation of IL-4 responsiveness in lymphoma B cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62520},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The responsiveness to IL-4 with and without costimulation with anti-IgM antibodies or phorbolester was studied in 35 cases of low grade non-Hodgkin Iymphoma by analyzing enhancement of CD23 and HLA dass li expression. The predominant phenotype responds directly to IL-4. Separate differentiation states can be distinguished according to coordinate or differential upregulation of CD23 and HLA dass II molecules by IL-4 alone, and differences in responsiveness to anti-IgM antibodies. A particular subgroup of B-lymphoma cells defines a separate stage of B-eeil differentiation. They fail to express high affinity binding sites for IL-4 and accordingly do not respond to IL-4- mediated signals. Cross-linking membrane lgM receptors or direct activation of protein kinase C via phorbolester induces IL-4 receptor expression and subsequent IL-4 reactivity.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TomeiAdamsUccellinietal.2012,
  author    = {Tomei, Sara and Adams, Sharon and Uccellini, Lorenzo and Bedognetti, Davide and De Giorgi, Valeria and Erdenebileg, Narnygerel and Libera Ascierto, Maria and Reinboth, Jennifer and Liu, Qiuzhen and Bevilacqua, Generoso and Wang, Ena and Mazzanti, Chiara and Marincola, Francesco M.},
  title     = {Association between HRAS rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms with the risk of melanoma in the North American population},
  series = {Medical Oncology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Medical Oncology},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-012-0255-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126834},
  pages     = {3456-3461},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {HRAS belongs to the RAS genes superfamily. RAS genes are important players in several human tumors and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12628 has been shown to contribute to the risk of bladder, colon, gastrointestinal, oral, and thyroid carcinoma. We hypothesized that this SNP may affect the risk of cutaneous melanoma as well. HRAS gene contains a polymorphic region (rs112587690), a repeated hexanucleotide -GGGCCT- located in intron 1. Three alleles of this region, P1, P2, and P3, have been identified that contain two, three, and four repeats of the hexanucleotide, respectively. We investigated the clinical impact of these polymorphisms in a case-control study. A total of 141 melanoma patients and 118 healthy donors from the North America Caucasian population were screened for rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms. Genotypes were assessed by capillary sequencing or fragment analysis, respectively, and rs12628 CC and rs112587690 P1P1 genotypes significantly associated with increased melanoma risk (OR = 3.83, p = 0.003; OR = 11.3, p = 0.033, respectively), while rs112587690 P1P3 frequency resulted significantly higher in the control group (OR = 0.5, p = 0.017). These results suggest that rs12628 C homozygosis may be considered a potential risk factor for melanoma development in the North American population possibly through the linkage to rs112587690.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TomaszkiewiczChalopinSchartletal.2014,
  author    = {Tomaszkiewicz, Marta and Chalopin, Domitille and Schartl, Manfred and Galiana, Delphine and Volff, Jean-Nicolas},
  title     = {A multicopy Y-chromosomal SGNH hydrolase gene expressed in the testis of the platyfish has been captured and mobilized by a Helitron transposon},
  series = {BMC Genetics},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {BMC Genetics},
  number    = {44},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2156-15-44},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116746},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Teleost fish present a high diversity of sex determination systems, with possible frequent evolutionary turnover of sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes. In order to identify genes involved in male sex determination and differentiation in the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, bacterial artificial chromosome contigs from the sex-determining region differentiating the Y from the X chromosome have been assembled and analyzed. Results: A novel three-copy gene called teximY (for testis-expressed in Xiphophorus maculatus on the Y) was identified on the Y but not on the X chromosome. A highly related sequence called texim1, probably at the origin of the Y-linked genes, as well as three more divergent texim genes were detected in (pseudo) autosomal regions of the platyfish genome. Texim genes, for which no functional data are available so far in any organism, encode predicted esterases/lipases with a SGNH hydrolase domain. Texim proteins are related to proteins from very different origins, including proteins encoded by animal CR1 retrotransposons, animal platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAFah) and bacterial hydrolases. Texim gene distribution is patchy in animals. Texim sequences were detected in several fish species including killifish, medaka, pufferfish, sea bass, cod and gar, but not in zebrafish. Texim-like genes are also present in Oikopleura (urochordate), Amphioxus (cephalochordate) and sea urchin (echinoderm) but absent from mammals and other tetrapods. Interestingly, texim genes are associated with a Helitron transposon in different fish species but not in urochordates, cephalochordates and echinoderms, suggesting capture and mobilization of an ancestral texim gene in the bony fish lineage. RT-qPCR analyses showed that Y-linked teximY genes are preferentially expressed in testis, with expression at late stages of spermatogenesis (late spermatids and spermatozeugmata). Conclusions: These observations suggest either that TeximY proteins play a role in Helitron transposition in the male germ line in fish, or that texim genes are spermatogenesis genes mobilized and spread by transposable elements in fish genomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Tischner2007,
  author    = {Tischner, Denise},
  title     = {Mechanistische Untersuchungen zur Therapie von Multipler Sklerose am Beispiel der Experimentellen Autoimmunen Encephalomyelitis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-25258},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Autoimmunit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}