@article{HaringLengRobinsonetal.2013, author = {Haring, Bernhard and Leng, Xiaoyan and Robinson, Jennifer and Johnson, Karen C. and Jackson, Rebecca D. and Beyth, Rebecca and Wactawski-Wende, Jean and Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz and Goveas, Joseph S. and Kuller, Lewis H. and Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia}, title = {Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study}, series = {Journal of the American Heart Association}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association}, number = {e000369}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.113.000369}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129487}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background-—Data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cognitive decline are conflicting. Our objective was to investigate if CVD is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and to examine whether hypertension, diabetes, or adiposity modify the effect of CVD on cognitive functioning. Methods and Results-—Prospective follow-up of 6455 cognitively intact, postmenopausal women aged 65 to 79 years old enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). CVD was determined by self-report. For cognitive decline, we assessed the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) via modified mini-mental state examination (3 MS) score, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric examinations. The median follow-up was 8.4 years. Women with CVD tended to be at increased risk for cognitive decline compared with those free of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95\% CI: 1.00, 1.67). Women with myocardial infarction or other vascular disease were at highest risk (HR, 2.10; 95\% CI: 1.40, 3.15 or HR, 1.97; 95\% CI: 1.34, 2.87). Angina pectoris was moderately associated with cognitive decline (HR 1.45; 95\% CI: 1.05, 2.01) whereas no significant relationships were found for atrial fibrillation or heart failure. Hypertension and diabetes increased the risk for cognitive decline in women without CVD. Diabetes tended to elevate the risk for MCI/PD in women with CVD. No significant trend was seen for adiposity. Conclusions-—CVD is associated with cognitive decline in elderly postmenopausal women. Hypertension and diabetes, but not adiposity, are associated with a higher risk for cognitive decline. More research is warranted on the potential of CVD prevention for preserving cognitive functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{HaringLengRobinsonetal.2013, author = {Haring, Bernhard and Leng, Xiaoyan and Robinson, Jennifer and Johnson, Karen C. and Jackson, Rebecca D. and Beyth, Rebecca and Wactawski-Wende, Jean and Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz and Goveas, Joseph S. and Kuller, Lewis H. and Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia}, title = {Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.113.000369)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111376}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background Data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cognitive decline are conflicting. Our objective was to investigate if CVD is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and to examine whether hypertension, diabetes, or adiposity modify the effect of CVD on cognitive functioning. Methods and Results: Prospective follow-up of 6455 cognitively intact, postmenopausal women aged 65 to 79 years old enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). CVD was determined by self-report. For cognitive decline, we assessed the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) via modified mini-mental state examination (3 MS) score, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric examinations. The median follow-up was 8.4 years. Women with CVD tended to be at increased risk for cognitive decline compared with those free of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95\% CI: 1.00, 1.67). Women with myocardial infarction or other vascular disease were at highest risk (HR, 2.10; 95\% CI: 1.40, 3.15 or HR, 1.97; 95\% CI: 1.34, 2.87). Angina pectoris was moderately associated with cognitive decline (HR 1.45; 95\% CI: 1.05, 2.01) whereas no significant relationships were found for atrial fibrillation or heart failure. Hypertension and diabetes increased the risk for cognitive decline in women without CVD. Diabetes tended to elevate the risk for MCI/PD in women with CVD. No significant trend was seen for adiposity. Conclusions: CVD is associated with cognitive decline in elderly postmenopausal women. Hypertension and diabetes, but not adiposity, are associated with a higher risk for cognitive decline. More research is warranted on the potential of CVD prevention for preserving cognitive functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{IsaiasSpiegelBrumbergetal.2014, author = {Isaias, Ioannis Ugo and Spiegel, J{\"o}rg and Brumberg, Joachim and Cosgrove, Kelly P. and Marotta, Giorgio and Oishi, Naoya and Higuchi, Takahiro and K{\"u}sters, Sebastian and Schiller, Markus and Dillmann, Ulrich and van Dyck, Christopher H. and Buck, Andreas and Herrmann, Ken and Schloegl, Susanne and Volkmann, Jens and Lassmann, Michael and Fassbender, Klaus and Lorenz, Reinhard and Samnick, Samuel}, title = {Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in cognitively intact subjects at an early stage of Parkinson's disease}, series = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2014.00213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119351}, pages = {213}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease.}, language = {en} } @article{PetruskiIvlevaKucharskaNewtonPaltaetal.2017, author = {Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia and Kucharska-Newton, Anna and Palta, Priya and Couper, David and Meyer, Katie and Graff, Misa and Haring, Bernhard and Sharrett, Richey and Heiss, Gerardo}, title = {Milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. The Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {10}, doi = {10.3390/nu9101134}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173909}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95\% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10\% decline, relative to the group reporting "almost never" consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.}, language = {en} } @article{HaberstumpfLeinweberLaueretal.2022, author = {Haberstumpf, Sophia and Leinweber, Jonas and Lauer, Martin and Polak, Thomas and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J.}, title = {Factors associated with dropout in the longitudinal Vogel study of cognitive decline}, series = {The European Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {56}, journal = {The European Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1111/ejn.15446}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318945}, pages = {5587 -- 5600}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is a growing problem worldwide. Prevention or early detection of the disease or a prodromal cognitive decline is necessary. By means of our long-term follow-up 'Vogel study', we aim to predict the pathological cognitive decline of a German cohort (mean age was 73.9 ± 1.55 years at first visit) with three measurement time points within 6 years per participant. Especially in samples of the elderly and subjects with chronic or co-morbid diseases, dropouts are one of the biggest problems of long-term studies. In contrast to the large number of research articles conducted on the course of dementia, little research has been done on the completion of treatment. To ensure unbiased and reliable predictors of cognitive decline from study completers, our objective was to determine predictors of dropout. We conducted multivariate analyses of covariance and multinomial logistic regression analyses to compare and predict the subject's dropout behaviour at the second visit 3 years after baseline (full participation, partial participation and no participation/dropout) with neuropsychiatric, cognitive, blood and lifestyle variables. Lower performance in declarative memory, attention and visual-spatial processing predicted dropout rather than full participation. Lower performance in visual-spatial processing predicted partial participation as opposed to full participation. Furthermore, lower performance in mini-mental status examination predicted whether subjects dropped out or participated partially instead of full participation. Baseline cognitive parameters are associated with dropouts at follow-up with a loss of impaired participants. We expect a bias into a healthier sample over time.}, language = {en} }