@unpublished{MuellerDraegerMaetal.2018,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Stefan and Draeger, Simon and Ma, Kiaonan and Hensen, Matthias and Kenneweg, Tristan and Pfeiffer, Walter and Brixner, Tobias},
  title     = {Fluorescence-Detected Two-Quantum and One-Quantum-Two-Quantum 2D Electronic Spectroscopy},
  series = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
  journal   = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00541},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173468},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We demonstrate two-quantum (2Q) coherent two-dimensional (2D)electronic spectroscopy using a shot-to-shot-modulated pulse shaper and fluorescence detection. Broadband collinear excitation is realized with the supercontinuum output of an argon-filled hollow-core fiber, enabling us to excite multiple transitions simultaneously in the visible range. The 2Q contribution is extracted via a three-pulse sequence with 16-fold phase cycling and simulated employing cresyl violet as a model system. Furthermore, we report the first experimental realization of one-quantum-two-quantum (1Q-2Q) 2D spectroscopy, offering less congested spectra as compared with the 2Q implementation. We avoid scattering artifacts and nonresonant solvent contributions by using fluorescence as the observable. This allows us to extract quantitative information about doubly excited states that agree with literature expectations. The high sensitivity and background-free nature of fluorescence detection allow for a general applicability of this method to many other systems.},
  subject      = {Fluoreszenz},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fuchs2009,
  author    = {Fuchs, Oliver},
  title     = {Soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic molecules and liquids},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37055},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) studies of the electronic structure of selected organic molecules and liquids were carried out. The first part focuses on the used experimental techniques and the development of the instrumentation necessary for these studies, namely a soft x-ray spectrometer, and a temperature-controlled flow-through liquid cell. The former was optimized by a special analytical ray tracing method developed exclusively for this purpose. Due to its high transmission, the spectrometer facilitates a novel experimental approach of recording comprehensive 'RIXS maps', which are 2-dimensional plots of x-ray scattering intensities as a function of both, excitation and emission photon energy. The liquid cell extends these possibilities to the study of liquids, especially the interaction of molecules in liquids and their chemical reactions under well-controlled conditions. Organic molecules have attracted considerable attention in the last decade. The intense research activities related to these materials have two main motivations: on the one hand, organic molecules have a technological application as building blocks of organic semiconductors, while, on the other hand, organic molecules are the functional elements in biological systems. In order to cost-effectively produce optimized organic electronic devices, a fundamental knowledge of the electronic properties of the organic molecules interface is necessary. Therefore, many studies of the electronic structure of potential candidates for organic electronics exist. Two of these candidates, namely C60 and well-ordered multilayers PTCDA on a Ag(111) surface are investigated in this thesis. For the study of C60 molecules, a comprehensive 'RIXS map' was recorded and analyzed. The RIXS map taken in only 25 minutes allows a quantitative analysis of energy losses, yielding for example the HOMO-LUMO distance. It also identifies a core-excitonic state and facilitates a quantitative comparison of its binding energy with that of valence excitons in C60. Furthermore, decay channel-selective partial fluorescence yield XAS spectra can be extracted from the RIXS map, yielding information on the population of the core-excitonic state as a function of excitation energy. As a second model system of organic molecules relevant for organic electronics, PTCDA was chosen. The complex electronic structure of the occupied states of a highly ordered, flat-lying PTCDA multilayer on a Ag(111) surface was investigated by symmetry-resolved resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy. The rapidly occurring beam damage effects were characterized on the basis of irradiation-time dependent series of C and O x-ray emission spectra. Upon varying the excitation energy and emission geometry, atom- and symmetry-specific carbon K emission spectra with negligible beam damage effects were obtained that allow to distinguish between electronic states with sigma and pi symmetry. A density functional theory calculation of the PTCDA molecule reproduces the energy positions of the most prominent emission features remarkably well. In addition, the energy positions of the sigma and pi emissions agree well with the calculated energies of the respective orbitals. In order to shed light on the second aspect of organic molecules, namely their role in biological systems, first a detailed investigation of the electronic structure and proton dynamics of liquid water as the medium of most chemical and biochemical reactions was carried out. Therefore, a comprehensive oxygen K RIXS map of liquid water was recorded and analyzed in great detail. A temperature-dependent comparison with XAS and RIXS data of D2O, NaOH, and NaOD leads to the conclusion, that ultra-fast dissociation takes place in liquid water on the timescale of the oxygen 1s core hole lifetime, resulting in a characteristic spectral contribution in the RIXS spectra. The dissociation is promoted by intact hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules. In consequence, the rate of dissociation directly depends on the initial hydrogen bond configuration. In the next step towards biologically relevant systems, the nitrogen K edges of the amino acids glycine and histidine were investigated in powderous form as well as in their native environment, namely in aqueous solution. X-ray absorption and emission spectra of the aqueous solutions were analyzed at pH-values of 6 and for glycine also at pH 12 and compared to the spectra of powders. A pH-value of 12 causes deprotonation of the amino group, leading to significant changes in the nitrogen spectra as compared to pH 6. The results from these four examples demonstrate that a wealth of novel information can be obtained by using the new experimental tools developed in this thesis, namely a highly sensitive x-ray spectrometer and a flow-through liquid cell.},
  subject      = {Organisches Molek{\"u}l},
  language  = {en}
}