@phdthesis{Ponath2023,
  author    = {Ponath, Falk Fred Finn},
  title     = {Investigating the molecular biology of \(Fusobacterium\) \(nucleatum\)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-30351},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303516},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an important member of the oral microbiome but can also colonize different tissues of the human body. In particular, its association with multiple human cancers has drawn much attention. This association has prompted growing interest into the interaction of F. nucleatum with cancer, with studies focusing primarily on the host cells. At the same time, F. nucleatum itself remains poorly understood, which includes its transcriptomic architecture but also gene regulation such as global stress responses that typically enable survival of bacteria in new environments. An important aspect of such regulatory networks is the post-transcriptional regulation, which is entirely unknown in F. nucleatum. This paucity extents to any knowledge on small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), despite their important role as post-transcriptional regulators of the bacterial physiology. Investigating the above stated aspects is further complicated by the fact that F. nucleatum is phylogenetically distant from all other bacteria, displays very limited genetic tractability and lacks genetic tools for dissecting gene function. This leaves many open questions on basic gene regulation in F. nucleatum, such as if the bacterium combines transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in its adaptation to a changing environment. To begin answering this question, this works elucidated the transcriptomic landscape of F. nucleatum by performing differential RNA-seq (dRNA-seq). Conducted for five representative strains of all F. nucleatum subspecies and the closely related F. periodonticum, the analysis globally uncovered transcriptional start sites (TSS), 5'untranslated regions (UTRs) and improved the existing annotation. Importantly, the dRNA-seq analysis also identified a conserved suite of sRNAs specific to Fusobacterium. The development of five genetic tools enabled further investigations of gene functions in F. nucleatum. These include vectors that enable the expression of different fluorescent proteins, inducible gene expression and scarless gene deletion in addition to transcriptional and translational reporter systems. These tools enabled the dissection of a Sigma E response and uncovered several commonalities with its counterpart in the phylogenetically distant Proteobacteria. The similarities include the upregulation of genes involved in membrane homeostasis but also a Simga E-dependent regulatory sRNA. Surprisingly, oxygen was found to activated Sigma E in F. nucleatum contrasting the typical role of the factor in envelope stress. The non-coding Sigma E-dependent sRNA, named FoxI, was shown to repress the translation of several envelope proteins which represented yet another parallel to the envelope stress response in Proteobacteria. Overall, this work sheds light on the RNA landscape of the cancer-associated bacterium leading to the discovery of a conserved global stress response consisting of a coding and a non-coding arm. The development of new genetic tools not only aided the latter discovery but also provides the means for further dissecting the molecular and infection biology of this enigmatic bacterium.},
  language  = {en}
}