@article{KraemerSchuhmannVolkmannetal.2022,
  author    = {Kr{\"a}mer, Stefanie D. and Schuhmann, Michael K. and Volkmann, Jens and Fluri, Felix},
  title     = {Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus can improve skilled Forelimb movements and retune dynamics of striatal networks in a rat stroke model},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {24},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms232415862},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312828},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Recovery of upper limb (UL) impairment after stroke is limited in stroke survivors. Since stroke can be considered as a network disorder, neuromodulation may be an approach to improve UL motor dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in rats on forelimb grasping using the single-pellet reaching (SPR) test after stroke and determined costimulated brain regions during STN-HFS using 2-[\(^{18}\)F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-([\(^{18}\)F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). After a 4-week training of SPR, photothrombotic stroke was induced in the sensorimotor cortex of the dominant hemisphere. Thereafter, an electrode was implanted in the STN ipsilateral to the infarction, followed by a continuous STN-HFS or sham stimulation for 7 days. On postinterventional day 2 and 7, an SPR test was performed during STN-HFS. Success rate of grasping was compared between these two time points. [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET was conducted on day 2 and 3 after stroke, without and with STN-HFS, respectively. STN-HFS resulted in a significant improvement of SPR compared to sham stimulation. During STN-HFS, a significantly higher [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-uptake was observed in the corticosubthalamic/pallidosubthalamic circuit, particularly ipsilateral to the stimulated side. Additionally, STN-HFS led to an increased glucose metabolism within the brainstem. These data demonstrate that STN-HFS supports rehabilitation of skilled forelimb movements, probably by retuning dysfunctional motor centers within the cerebral network.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FluriSchuhmannKleinschnitz2015,
  author    = {Fluri, Felix and Schuhmann, Michael K and Kleinschnitz, Christoph},
  title     = {Animal models of ischemic stroke and their application in clinical research},
  series = {Drug Design, Development and Therapy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Drug Design, Development and Therapy},
  doi       = {10.2147/DDDT.S56071},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149157},
  pages     = {3445-3454},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This review outlines the most frequently used rodent stroke models and discusses their strengths and shortcomings. Mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is not feasible because ischemic stroke in humans is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex pathophysiology. The transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model is one of the models that most closely simulate human ischemic stroke. Furthermore, this model is characterized by reliable and well-reproducible infarcts. Therefore, the MCAo model has been involved in the majority of studies that address pathophysiological processes or neuroprotective agents. Another model uses thromboembolic clots and thus is more convenient for investigating thrombolytic agents and pathophysiological processes after thrombolysis. However, for many reasons, preclinical stroke research has a low translational success rate. One factor might be the choice of stroke model. Whereas the therapeutic responsiveness of permanent focal stroke in humans declines significantly within 3 hours after stroke onset, the therapeutic window in animal models with prompt reperfusion is up to 12 hours, resulting in a much longer action time of the investigated agent. Another major problem of animal stroke models is that studies are mostly conducted in young animals without any comorbidity. These models differ from human stroke, which particularly affects elderly people who have various cerebrovascular risk factors. Choosing the most appropriate stroke model and optimizing the study design of preclinical trials might increase the translational potential of animal stroke models.},
  language  = {en}
}