@article{ScherpfSchwarzScharfetal.2018,
  author    = {Scherpf, Thorsten and Schwarz, Christopher and Scharf, Lennart T. and Zur, Jana-Alina and Helbig, Andeas and Gessner, Viktoria H.},
  title     = {Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines: Strong Donor Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysis},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie - International Edition},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie - International Edition},
  number    = {39},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.201805372},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228551},
  pages     = {12859-12864},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Phosphines are important ligands in homogenous catalysis and have been crucial for many advances, such as in cross-coupling, hydrofunctionalization, or hydrogenation reactions. Herein we report the synthesis and application of a novel class of phosphines bearing ylide substituents. These phosphines are easily accessible via different synthetic routes from commercially available starting materials. Owing to the extra donation from the ylide group to the phosphorus center the ligands are unusually electron-rich and can thus function as strong electron donors. The donor capacity surpasses that of commonly used phosphines and carbenes and can easily be tuned by changing the substitution pattern at the ylidic carbon atom. The huge potential of ylide-functionalized phosphines in catalysis is demonstrated by their use in gold catalysis. Excellent performance at low catalyst loadings under mild reaction conditions is thus seen in different types of transformations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Dandekar1991,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas},
  title     = {Yeast U3 localization and correct sequence (snR17a) and promotor activity (snR17b) identified by homology search},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29781},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kanzow2022,
  author    = {Kanzow, Christian},
  title     = {Y. Cui, J.-S. Pang: "Modern Nonconvex Nondifferentiable Optimization"},
  series = {Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0012-0456},
  doi       = {10.1365/s13291-022-00250-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324346},
  pages     = {137-143},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Spenst2017,
  author    = {Spenst, Peter},
  title     = {Xylylene Bridged Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes and Macrocycles},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139015},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This work is concerned with the syntheses and photophysical properties of para-xylylene bridged macrocycles nPBI with ring sizes from two to nine PBI units, as well as the complexation of polycyclic aromatic guest compounds. With a reduced but substantial fluorescence quantum yield of 21\% (in CHCl3) the free host 2PBI(4-tBu)4 can be used as a dual fluorescence probe. Upon encapsulation of rather electron-poor guests the fluorescence quenching interactions between the chromophores are prevented, leading to a significant fluorescence enhancement to > 90\% ("turn-on"). On the other hand, the addition of electron-rich guest molecules induces an electron transfer from the guest to the electron-poor PBI chromophores and thus quenches the fluorescence entirely ("turn-off"). The photophysical properties of the host-guest complexes were studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. These measurements revealed that the charge transfer between guest and 2PBI(4-tBu)4 occurs in the "normal region" of the Marcus-parabola with the fastest charge separation rate for perylene. In contrast, the charge recombination back to the PBI ground state lies far in the "inverted region" of the Marcus-parabola. Beside complexation of planar aromatic hydrocarbons into the cavity of the cyclophanes an encapsulation of fullerene into the cyclic trimer 3PBI(4-tBu)4 was observed. 3PBI(4-tBu)4 provides a tube-like structure in which the PBI subunits represent the walls of those tubes. The cavity has the optimal size for hosting fullerenes, with C70 fitting better than C60 and a binding constant that is higher by a factor of 10. TA spectroscopy in toluene that was performed on the C60@3PBI(4-tBu)4 complex revealed two energy transfer processes. The first one comes from the excited PBI to the fullerene, which subsequently populates the triplet state. From the fullerene triplet state a second energy transfer occurs back to the PBI to generate the PBI triplet state. In all cycles that were studied by TA spectroscopy, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) was observed in dichloromethane. This process is fastest within the PBI cyclophane 2PBI(4-tBu)4 and slows down for larger cycles, suggesting that the charge separation takes place through space and not through bonds. The charges then recombine to the PBI triplet state via a radical pair intersystem crossing (RP-ISC) mechanism, which could be used to generate singlet oxygen in yields of ~20\%. By changing the solvent to toluene an intramolecular folding of the even-numbered larger cycles was observed that quenches the fluorescence and increases the 0-1 transition band in the absorption spectra. Force field calculations of 4PBI(4-tBu)4 suggested a folding into pairs of dimers, which explains the remarkable odd-even effect with respect to the number of connected PBI chromophores and the resulting alternation in the absorption and fluorescence properties. Thus, the even-numbered macrocycles can fold in a way that all chromophores are in a paired arrangement, while the odd-numbered cycles have open conformations (3PBI(4-tBu)4, 5PBI(4-tBu)4, 7PBI(4-tBu)4) or at least additional unpaired PBI unit (9PBI(4-tBu)4). With these experiments we could for the first time give insights in the interactions between cyclic PBI hosts and aromatic guest molecules. Associated with the encapsulation of guest molecules a variety of possible applications can be envisioned, like fluorescence sensing, chiral recognition and photodynamic therapy by singlet oxygen generation. Particularly, these macrocycles provide photophysical relaxation pathways of PBIs, like charge separation and recombination and triplet state formation that are hardly feasible in monomeric PBI dyes. Furthermore, diverse compound specific features were found, like the odd-even effect in the folding process or the transition of superficial nanostructures of the tetrameric cycle influenced by the AFM tip. The comprehensive properties of these macrocycles provide the basis for further oncoming studies and can serve as an inspiration for the synthesis of new macrocyclic compounds.},
  subject      = {Supramolekulare Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WittbrodtLammersMalitscheketal.1992,
  author    = {Wittbrodt, Joachim and Lammers, Reiner and Malitschek, Barbara and Ullrich, Axel and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in Xiphophorus malignant melanoma},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61699},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Xmrk encodes a putative transmembrane glycoprotein of the tyrosine kinase family and is a melanoma-inducing gene in Xiphophorus. We attempted to investigate the biological function of the putative Xmrk receptor by characterizing its signalling properties. Since a potential Iigand for Xmrk has not yet been identified, it has been difficult to analyse the biochemical properlies and biological function of this cell surface protein. In an approach towards such analyses, the Xmrk extracellular domain was replaced by the closely related Iigand-binding domain sequences of the human epidennal growth factor receptor (HER) and the ligand-induced activity of the chimeric HER-Xmrk proteinwas examined. We show that the Xmrk protein is a functional receptor tyrosine kinase, is highly active in malignant melanoma and displays a constitutive autophosphorylation activity possibly due to an activating mutation in its extracellular or transmembrane domain. In the focus formation assay the HER-Xmrk chimera is a potent transfonning protein equivalent to other tyrosine kinase oncoproteins.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AndersSchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Anders, Fritz and Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, Angelika},
  title     = {Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on oncogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86398},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The capacity of Xiphophorus to develop neoplasia can be formally assigned to a "tumor gene" (Tu), which appears to be a normal part of the genome of all individuals. The wild fish have evolved population-specific and cell type-specific systems of regulatory genes (R) for Tu that protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization of members of different wild populations in the laborstory followed by treatment of the hybrids with carcinogens led to disintegration of the R systems permitting excessive expression of Tu and thus resulting in neoplasia. Certain hybrids developed neoplasia even spontaneously. Observations on the genuine phenotypic effect of the derepressed Tu in the early embryo indicated an essential normal function of this oncogene in cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell communication. Tu appeared to be indispensable in the genome but may also be present in accessory copics. Recently, c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene v-src, was detected in Xiphophorus. The protein product of c-src, pp60c-src, was identified and then examined by its associated kinase activity. This pp60c-src was found in all individuals tested, but, depending on the genotype, its kinase activity was different. The genetic characters of c-src, such as linkage relations, dosage relations, expression, etc., correspond to those of Tu. From a systematic study which showed that pp60c-src was present in all metazoa tested ranging from mammals down to sponges, we concluded that c-src has evolved with the multicellular organization of animals. Neoplasia of animals and humans is a characteristic closely related to this evolution. Our data showed that small aquariurn fish, besides being used successfully because they are time-, space-, and money-saving systems for carcinogenicity testing, are also highly suitable for basic studies on neoplasia at the populational, morphological, developmental, cell biological, and molecular levels.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AndersSchartlBarnekowetal.1984,
  author    = {Anders, F. and Schartl., Manfred and Barnekow, A. and Anders, A.},
  title     = {Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on normal and defective control of oncogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80721},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The Xiphophorus tumor system has provided the opportunity to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer etiology to a few biological elements basically involved in neoplasia. The development of a tumor requires an oncogene which, after impairment, deletion, or elimination of its regulatory genes is permitted to mediate neoplastic transformation. Emphasis is being placed today in cancer research on the actual oncogenes themselves, but, in our opinion, the most important genes involved in neoplasia are these regulatory genes. However, although detected by c1assical genetics in the Xiphophorus system, th ese genes are not at present open to a more fin ely detailed molecular biological analysis. Their actual mode of action is therefore still far from being understood.},
  subject      = {Xiphophorus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EhrenschwenderBittnerSeiboldetal.2014,
  author    = {Ehrenschwender, M. and Bittner, S. and Seibold, K. and Wajant, H.},
  title     = {XIAP-targeting drugs re-sensitize PIK3CA-mutated colorectal cancer cells for death receptor-induced apoptosis},
  series = {Cell Death \& Disease},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Cell Death \& Disease},
  issn      = {2041-4889},
  doi       = {10.1038/cddis.2014.534},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114374},
  pages     = {e1570},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Mutations in the oncogenic PIK3CA gene are found in 10-20\% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and are associated with poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic TRAIL death receptor antibodies emerged as promising anti-neoplastic therapeutics, but to date failed to prove their capability in the clinical setting as especially primary tumors exhibit high rates of TRAIL resistance. In our study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL resistance in CRC cells with a mutant PIK3CA (PIK3CA-mut) gene. We show that inhibition of the constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway only partially overcame TRAIL resistance in PIK3CA-mut-protected HCT116 cells, although synergistic effects of TRAIL plus PI3K, Akt or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors could be noted. In sharp contrast, TRAIL triggered full-blown cell death induction in HCT116 PIK3CA-mut cells treated with proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and MG132. At the molecular level, resistance of HCT116 PIK3CA-mut cells against TRAIL was reflected by impaired caspase-3 activation and we provide evidence for a crucial involvement of the E3-ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) therein. Drugs interfering with the activity and/or the expression of XIAP, such as the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mimetic BV6 and mithramycin-A, completely restored TRAIL sensitivity in PIK3CA-mut-protected HCT116 cells independent of a functional mitochondrial cell death pathway. Importantly, proteasome inhibitors and XIAP-targeting agents also sensitized other CRC cell lines with mutated PIK3CA for TRAIL-induced cell death. Together, our data suggest that proteasome-or XIAP-targeting drugs offer a novel therapeutic approach to overcome TRAIL resistance in PIK3CA-mutated CRC.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UlrichsEcksteinMuellerBuchholtz1994,
  author    = {Ulrichs, Karin and Eckstein, V. and M{\"u}ller-Buchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Xenogeneic T-cell-mediated immune reactivity in the model of pig-to-humans: first findings with native stimulator cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44755},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chirurgie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HeiserUlrichsEcksteinetal.1992,
  author    = {Heiser, A. and Ulrichs, Karin and Eckstein, V. and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Xenogeneic Cellular Response of Human Lymphocytes Against Porcine Lymphocytes and Isolated Pancreatic Islets},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45479},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}