@article{KotsevaDeBackerDeBacqueretal.2019, author = {Kotseva, Kornelia and De Backer, Guy and De Bacquer, Dirk and Ryd{\´e}n, Lars and Hoes, Arno and Grobbee, Diederick and Maggioni, Aldo and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Jennings, Catriona and Abreu, Ana and Aguiar, Carlos and Badariene, Jolita and Bruthans, Jan and Castro Conde, Almudena and Cifkova, Renata and Crowley, Jim and Davletov, Kairat and Deckers, Jaap and De Smedt, Delphine and De Sutter, Johan and Dilic, Mirza and Dolzhenko, Marina and Dzerve, Vilnis and Erglis, Andrejs and Fras, Zlatko and Gaita, Dan and Gotcheva, Nina and Heuschmann, Peter and Hasan-Ali, Hosam and Jankowski, Piotr and Lalic, Nebojsa and Lehto, Seppo and Lovic, Dragan and Mancas, Silvia and Mellbin, Linda and Milicic, Davor and Mirrakhimov, Erkin and Oganov, Rafael and Pogosova, Nana and Reiner, Zeljko and St{\"o}erk, Stefan and Tokg{\"o}zoğlu, L{\^a}le and Tsioufis, Costas and Vulic, Dusko and Wood, David}, title = {Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry}, series = {European Journal of Preventive Cardiology}, volume = {26}, journal = {European Journal of Preventive Cardiology}, number = {8}, organization = {EUROASPIRE Investigators}, issn = {2047-4873}, doi = {10.1177/2047487318825350}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205526}, pages = {824-835}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26\%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55\% of them were persistent smokers, 38\% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59\% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66\% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71\% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29\% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93\%, beta-blockers 81\%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75\% and statins 80\%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.}, language = {en} } @article{FigueiredoKraussSteffanDewenteretal.2019, author = {Figueiredo, Ludmilla and Krauss, Jochen and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Cabral, Juliano Sarmento}, title = {Understanding extinction debts: spatio-temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research}, series = {Ecography}, volume = {42}, journal = {Ecography}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.04740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204859}, pages = {1973-1990}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such extinctions and investigating long-term consequences of perturbations has proven challenging, because perturbations are not isolated and occur across various spatial and temporal scales, from local habitat losses to global warming. Additionally, the relative importance of eco-evolutionary processes varies across scales, because levels of ecological organization, i.e. individuals, (meta)populations and (meta)communities, respond hierarchically to perturbations. To summarize our current knowledge of the scales and mechanisms influencing extinction debts, we reviewed recent empirical, theoretical and methodological studies addressing either the spatio-temporal scales of extinction debts or the eco-evolutionary mechanisms delaying extinctions. Extinction debts were detected across a range of ecosystems and taxonomic groups, with estimates ranging from 9 to 90\% of current species richness. The duration over which debts have been sustained varies from 5 to 570 yr, and projections of the total period required to settle a debt can extend to 1000 yr. Reported causes of delayed extinctions are 1) life-history traits that prolong individual survival, and 2) population and metapopulation dynamics that maintain populations under deteriorated conditions. Other potential factors that may extend survival time such as microevolutionary dynamics, or delayed extinctions of interaction partners, have rarely been analyzed. Therefore, we propose a roadmap for future research with three key avenues: 1) the microevolutionary dynamics of extinction processes, 2) the disjunctive loss of interacting species and 3) the impact of multiple regimes of perturbation on the payment of debts. For their ability to integrate processes occurring at different levels of ecological organization, we highlight mechanistic simulation models as tools to address these knowledge gaps and to deepen our understanding of extinction dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{AtaeeMaghsoudiLatifietal.2019, author = {Ataee, Mohammad Sadegh and Maghsoudi, Yasser and Latifi, Hooman and Fadaie, Farhad}, title = {Improving estimation accuracy of growing stock by multi-frequency SAR and multi-spectral data over Iran's heterogeneously-structured broadleaf Hyrcanian forests}, series = {Forests}, volume = {10}, journal = {Forests}, number = {8}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f10080641}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197212}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Via providing various ecosystem services, the old-growth Hyrcanian forests play a crucial role in the environment and anthropogenic aspects of Iran and beyond. The amount of growing stock volume (GSV) is a forest biophysical parameter with great importance in issues like economy, environmental protection, and adaptation to climate change. Thus, accurate and unbiased estimation of GSV is also crucial to be pursued across the Hyrcanian. Our goal was to investigate the potential of ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1's polarimetric features in combination with Sentinel-2 multi-spectral features for the GSV estimation in a portion of heterogeneously-structured and mountainous Hyrcanian forests. We used five different kernels by the support vector regression (nu-SVR) for the GSV estimation. Because each kernel differently models the parameters, we separately selected features for each kernel by a binary genetic algorithm (GA). We simultaneously optimized R\(^2\) and RMSE in a suggested GA fitness function. We calculated R\(^2\), RMSE to evaluate the models. We additionally calculated the standard deviation of validation metrics to estimate the model's stability. Also for models over-fitting or under-fitting analysis, we used mean difference (MD) index. The results suggested the use of polynomial kernel as the final model. Despite multiple methodical challenges raised from the composition and structure of the study site, we conclude that the combined use of polarimetric features (both dual and full) with spectral bands and indices can improve the GSV estimation over mixed broadleaf forests. This was partially supported by the use of proposed evaluation criterion within the GA, which helped to avoid the curse of dimensionality for the applied SVR and lowest over estimation or under estimation.}, language = {en} } @article{JungwirthYuMoustafaetal.2019, author = {Jungwirth, Gerhard and Yu, Tao and Moustafa, Mahmoud and Rapp, Carmen and Warta, Rolf and Jungk, Christine and Sahm, Felix and Dettling, Steffen and Zweckberger, Klaus and Lamszus, Katrin and Senft, Christian and Loehr, Mario and Keßler, Almuth F. and Ketter, Ralf and Westphal, Manfred and Debus, Juergen and von Deimling, Andreas and Simon, Matthias and Unterberg, Andreas and Abdollahi, Amir and Herold-Mende, Christel}, title = {Identification of KIF11 as a Novel Target in Meningioma}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {11}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {4}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers11040545}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197402}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Kinesins play an important role in many physiological functions including intracellular vesicle transport and mitosis. The emerging role of kinesins in different cancers led us to investigate the expression and functional role of kinesins in meningioma. Therefore, we re-analyzed our previous microarray dataset of benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas (n = 62) and got evidence for differential expression of five kinesins (KIFC1, KIF4A, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A). Further validation in an extended study sample (n = 208) revealed a significant upregulation of these genes in WHO°I to °III meningiomas (WHO°I n = 61, WHO°II n = 88, and WHO°III n = 59), which was most pronounced in clinically more aggressive tumors of the same WHO grade. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a WHO grade-associated upregulated protein expression in meningioma tissues. Furthermore, high mRNA expression levels of KIFC1, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A were associated with shorter progression-free survival. On a functional level, knockdown of kinesins in Ben-Men-1 cells and in the newly established anaplastic meningioma cell line NCH93 resulted in a significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation upon siRNA-mediated downregulation of KIF11 in both cell lines by up to 95\% and 71\%, respectively. Taken together, in this study we were able to identify the prognostic and functional role of several kinesin family members of which KIF11 exhibits the most promising properties as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target, which may offer new treatment options for aggressive meningiomas.}, language = {en} } @article{MayrKuenzerGessneretal.2019, author = {Mayr, Stefan and Kuenzer, Claudia and Gessner, Ursula and Klein, Igor and Rutzinger, Martin}, title = {Validation of earth observation time-series: a review for large-area and temporally dense land surface products}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {11}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {22}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs11222616}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193202}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Large-area remote sensing time-series offer unique features for the extensive investigation of our environment. Since various error sources in the acquisition chain of datasets exist, only properly validated results can be of value for research and downstream decision processes. This review presents an overview of validation approaches concerning temporally dense time-series of land surface geo-information products that cover the continental to global scale. Categorization according to utilized validation data revealed that product intercomparisons and comparison to reference data are the conventional validation methods. The reviewed studies are mainly based on optical sensors and orientated towards global coverage, with vegetation-related variables as the focus. Trends indicate an increase in remote sensing-based studies that feature long-term datasets of land surface variables. The hereby corresponding validation efforts show only minor methodological diversification in the past two decades. To sustain comprehensive and standardized validation efforts, the provision of spatiotemporally dense validation data in order to estimate actual differences between measurement and the true state has to be maintained. The promotion of novel approaches can, on the other hand, prove beneficial for various downstream applications, although typically only theoretical uncertainties are provided.}, language = {en} } @article{GrebinykPrylutskaBuchelnikovetal.2019, author = {Grebinyk, Anna and Prylutska, Svitlana and Buchelnikov, Anatoliy and Tverdokhleb, Nina and Grebinyk, Sergii and Evstigneev, Maxim and Matyshevska, Olga and Cherepanov, Vsevolod and Prylutskyy, Yuriy and Yashchuk, Valeriy and Naumovets, Anton and Ritter, Uwe and Dandekar, Thomas and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {C60 fullerene as an effective nanoplatform of alkaloid Berberine delivery into leukemic cells}, series = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {11}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, number = {11}, issn = {1999-4923}, doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics11110586}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193216}, pages = {586}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A herbal alkaloid Berberine (Ber), used for centuries in Ayurvedic, Chinese, Middle-Eastern, and native American folk medicines, is nowadays proved to function as a safe anticancer agent. Yet, its poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability hinder clinical application. In this study, we have explored a nanosized carbon nanoparticle—C60 fullerene (C60)—for optimized Ber delivery into leukemic cells. Water dispersions of noncovalent C60-Ber nanocomplexes in the 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 molar ratios were prepared. UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) evidenced a complexation of the Ber cation with the negatively charged C60 molecule. The computer simulation showed that π-stacking dominates in Ber and C\(_{60}\) binding in an aqueous solution. Complexation with C\(_{60}\) was found to promote Ber intracellular uptake. By increasing C\(_{60}\) concentration, the C\(_{60}\)-Ber nanocomplexes exhibited higher antiproliferative potential towards CCRF-CEM cells, in accordance with the following order: free Ber < 1:2 < 1:1 < 2:1 (the most toxic). The activation of caspase 3/7 and accumulation in the sub-G1 phase of CCRF-CEM cells treated with C\(_{60}\)-Ber nanocomplexes evidenced apoptosis induction. Thus, this study indicates that the fast and easy noncovalent complexation of alkaloid Ber with C\(_{60}\) improved its in vitro efficiency against cancer cells.}, language = {en} } @article{LiLiLinketal.2019, author = {Li, Shan and Li, Xin and Link, Roman and Li, Ren and Deng, Liping and Schuldt, Bernhard and Jiang, Xiaomei and Zhao, Rongjun and Zheng, Jingming and Li, Shuang and Yin, Yafang}, title = {Influence of cambial age and axial height on the spatial patterns of xylem traits in Catalpa bungei, a ring-porous tree species native to China}, series = {Forests}, volume = {10}, journal = {Forests}, number = {8}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f10080662}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196297}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Studying how cambial age and axial height affects wood anatomical traits may improve our understanding of xylem hydraulics, heartwood formation and axial growth. Radial strips were collected from six different heights (0-11.3 m) along the main trunk of three Manchurian catalpa (Catalpa bungei) trees, yielding 88 samples. In total, thirteen wood anatomical vessel and fiber traits were observed usinglight microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and linear models were used to analyse the combined effect of axial height, cambial age and their interaction. Vessel diameter differed by about one order of magnitude between early- and latewood, and increased significantly with both cambial age and axial height in latewood, while it was positively affected by cambial age and independent of height in earlywood. Vertical position further had a positive effect on earlywood vessel density, and negative effects on fibre wall thickness, wall thickness to diameter ratio and length. Cambial age had positive effects on the pit membrane diameter and vessel element length, while the annual diameter growth decreased with both cambial age and axial position. In contrast, early- and latewood fiber diameter were unaffected by both cambial age and axial height. We further observed an increasing amount of tyloses from sapwood to heartwood, accompanied by an increase of warty layers and amorphous deposits on cell walls, bordered pit membranes and pit apertures. This study highlights the significant effects of cambial age and vertical position on xylem anatomical traits, and confirms earlier work that cautions to take into account xylem spatial position when interpreting wood anatomical structures, and thus, xylem hydraulic functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{AbdullahiWesselHuberetal.2019, author = {Abdullahi, Sahra and Wessel, Birgit and Huber, Martin and Wendleder, Anna and Roth, Achim and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {Estimating penetration-related X-band InSAR elevation bias: a study over the Greenland ice sheet}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {11}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {24}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs11242903}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193902}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Accelerating melt on the Greenland ice sheet leads to dramatic changes at a global scale. Especially in the last decades, not only the monitoring, but also the quantification of these changes has gained considerably in importance. In this context, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) systems complement existing data sources by their capability to acquire 3D information at high spatial resolution over large areas independent of weather conditions and illumination. However, penetration of the SAR signals into the snow and ice surface leads to a bias in measured height, which has to be corrected to obtain accurate elevation data. Therefore, this study purposes an easy transferable pixel-based approach for X-band penetration-related elevation bias estimation based on single-pass interferometric coherence and backscatter intensity which was performed at two test sites on the Northern Greenland ice sheet. In particular, the penetration bias was estimated using a multiple linear regression model based on TanDEM-X InSAR data and IceBridge laser-altimeter measurements to correct TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model (DEM) scenes. Validation efforts yielded good agreement between observations and estimations with a coefficient of determination of R\(^2\) = 68\% and an RMSE of 0.68 m. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the benefits of X-band penetration bias estimation within the application context of ice sheet elevation change detection.}, language = {en} } @article{BeerSchenkHelfrichFoersteretal.2019, author = {Beer, Katharina and Schenk, Mariela and Helfrich-F{\"o}rster, Charlotte and Holzschuh, Andrea}, title = {The circadian clock uses different environmental time cues to synchronize emergence and locomotion of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-54111-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202721}, pages = {17748}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Life on earth adapted to the daily reoccurring changes in environment by evolving an endogenous circadian clock. Although the circadian clock has a crucial impact on survival and behavior of solitary bees, many aspects of solitary bee clock mechanisms remain unknown. Our study is the first to show that the circadian clock governs emergence in Osmia bicornis, a bee species which overwinters as adult inside its cocoon. Therefore, its eclosion from the pupal case is separated by an interjacent diapause from its emergence in spring. We show that this bee species synchronizes its emergence to the morning. The daily rhythms of emergence are triggered by temperature cycles but not by light cycles. In contrast to this, the bee's daily rhythms in locomotion are synchronized by light cycles. Thus, we show that the circadian clock of O. bicornis is set by either temperature or light, depending on what activity is timed. Light is a valuable cue for setting the circadian clock when bees have left the nest. However, for pre-emerged bees, temperature is the most important cue, which may represent an evolutionary adaptation of the circadian system to the cavity-nesting life style of O. bicornis.}, language = {en} } @article{MaierhoferFlunkertOshimaetal.2019, author = {Maierhofer, Anna and Flunkert, Julia and Oshima, Junko and Martin, George M. and Poot, Martin and Nanda, Indrajit and Dittrich, Marcus and M{\"u}ller, Tobias and Haaf, Thomas}, title = {Epigenetic signatures of Werner syndrome occur early in life and are distinct from normal epigenetic aging processes}, series = {Aging Cell}, volume = {18}, journal = {Aging Cell}, doi = {10.1111/acel.12995}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202733}, pages = {e12995}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Werner Syndrome (WS) is an adult-onset segmental progeroid syndrome. Bisulfite pyrosequencing of repetitive DNA families revealed comparable blood DNA methylation levels between classical (18 WRN-mutant) or atypical WS (3 LMNA-mutant and 3 POLD1-mutant) patients and age- and sex-matched controls. WS was not associated with either age-related accelerated global losses of ALU, LINE1, and α-satellite DNA methylations or gains of rDNA methylation. Single CpG methylation was analyzed with Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays. In a correspondence analysis, atypical WS samples clustered together with the controls and were clearly separated from classical WS, consistent with distinct epigenetic pathologies. In classical WS, we identified 659 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) comprising 3,656 CpG sites and 613 RefSeq genes. The top DMR was located in the HOXA4 promoter. Additional DMR genes included LMNA, POLD1, and 132 genes which have been reported to be differentially expressed in WRN-mutant/depleted cells. DMRs were enriched in genes with molecular functions linked to transcription factor activity and sequence-specific DNA binding to promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II. We propose that transcriptional misregulation of downstream genes by the absence of WRN protein contributes to the variable premature aging phenotypes of WS. There were no CpG sites showing significant differences in DNA methylation changes with age between WS patients and controls. Genes with both WS- and age-related methylation changes exhibited a constant offset of methylation between WRN-mutant patients and controls across the entire analyzed age range. WS-specific epigenetic signatures occur early in life and do not simply reflect an acceleration of normal epigenetic aging processes.}, language = {en} }