@article{SchorscherKippnichMeybohmetal.2022,
  author    = {Schorscher, Nora and Kippnich, Maximilian and Meybohm, Patrick and Wurmb, Thomas},
  title     = {Lessons learned from terror attacks: thematic priorities and development since 2001 - results from a systematic review},
  series = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery},
  issn      = {1863-9941},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00068-021-01858-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264862},
  pages     = {2613-2638},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {PURPOSE The threat of national and international terrorism remains high. Preparation is the key requirement for the resilience of hospitals and out-of-hospital rescue forces. The scientific evidence for defining medical and tactical strategies often feeds on the analysis of real incidents and the lessons learned derived from them. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify and systematically report lessons learned from terrorist attacks since 2001. METHODS PubMed was used as a database using predefined search strategies and eligibility criteria. All countries that are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) were included. The time frame was set between 2001 and 2018. RESULTS Finally 68 articles were included in the review. From these, 616 lessons learned were extracted and summarized into 15 categories. The data shows that despite the difference in attacks, countries, and casualties involved, many of the lessons learned are similar. We also found that the pattern of lessons learned is repeated continuously over the time period studied. CONCLUSIONS The lessons from terrorist attacks since 2001 follow a certain pattern and remained constant over time. Therefore, it seems to be more accurate to talk about lessons identified rather than lessons learned. To save as many victims as possible, protect rescue forces from harm, and to prepare hospitals at the best possible level it is important to implement the lessons identified in training and preparation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WurmbFrankeSchorscheretal.2020,
  author    = {Wurmb, Thomas and Franke, Axel and Schorscher, Nora and Kowalzik, Barbara and Helm, Matthias and Bohnen, Renate and Helmerichs, Jutta and Grueneisen, Ulrich and Cwojdzinski, Detlef and Jung, Georg and L{\"u}cking, Gesa and Weber, Martin},
  title     = {Emergency response to terrorist attacks: results of the federal-conducted evaluation process in Germany},
  series = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery},
  issn      = {1863-9933},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00068-020-01347-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231777},
  pages     = {725-730},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Purpose Rescue missions during terrorist attacks are extremely challenging for all rescue forces (police as well as non-police forces) involved. To improve the quality and safety of the rescue missions during an active killing event, it is obligatory to adapt common rescue mission goals and strategies. Methods After the recent attacks in Europe, the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance started an evaluation process on behalf of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health. This was done to identify weaknesses, lessons learned and to formulate new adapted guidelines. Results The presented bullet point recommendations summarise the basic and most important results of the ongoing evaluation process for the Federal Republic of Germany. The safety of all the rescue forces and survival of the greatest possible number of casualties are the priority goals. Furthermore, the preservation and re-establishment of the socio-political integrity are the overarching goals of the management of active killing events. Strategic incident priorities are to stop the killing and to save as much lives as possible. The early identification and prioritised transportation of casualties with life-threatening non-controllable bleeding are major tasks and the shortest possible on-scene time is an important requirement with respect to safety issues. Conclusion With respect to hazard prevention tactics within Germany, we attributed the highest priority impact to the bullet points. The focus of the process has now shifted to intense work about possible solutions for the identified deficits and implementation strategies of such solutions during mass killing incidents.},
  language  = {en}
}