@article{TylekBlumHrynevichetal.2020,
  author    = {Tylek, Tina and Blum, Carina and Hrynevich, Andrei and Schlegelmilch, Katrin and Schilling, Tatjana and Dalton, Paul D and Groll, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Precisely defined fiber scaffolds with 40 μm porosity induce elongation driven M2-like polarization of human macrophages},
  series = {Biofabrication},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Biofabrication},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1088/1758-5090/ab5f4e},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254012},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Macrophages are key players of the innate immune system that can roughly be divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory, pro-healing M2 type. While a transient initial pro-inflammatory state is helpful, a prolonged inflammation deteriorates a proper healing and subsequent regeneration. One promising strategy to drive macrophage polarization by biomaterials is precise control over biomaterial geometry. For regenerative approaches, it is of particular interest to identify geometrical parameters that direct human macrophage polarization. For this purpose, we advanced melt electrowriting (MEW) towards the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds with box-shaped pores and precise inter-fiber spacing from 100 μm down to only 40 μm. These scaffolds facilitate primary human macrophage elongation accompanied by differentiation towards the M2 type, which was most pronounced for the smallest pore size of 40 μm. These new findings can be important in helping to design new biomaterials with an enhanced positive impact on tissue regeneration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WuReimannSiddiquietal.2019,
  author    = {Wu, Hao and Reimann, Sabine and Siddiqui, Sophiya and Haag, Rainer and Siegmund, Britta and Dernedde, Jens and Glauben, Rainer},
  title     = {dPGS Regulates the Phenotype of Macrophages via Metabolic Switching},
  series = {Macromolecular Bioscience},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Macromolecular Bioscience},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1002/mabi.201900184},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212711},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The synthetic compound dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) is a pleiotropic acting molecule but shows a high binding affinity to immunological active molecules as L-/P-selectin or complement proteins leading to well described anti-inflammatory properties in various mouse models. In order to make a comprehensive evaluation of the direct effect on the innate immune system, macrophage polarization is analyzed in the presence of dPGS on a phenotypic but also metabolic level. dPGS administered macrophages show a significant increase of MCP1 production paralleled by a reduction of IL-10 secretion. Metabolic analysis reveals that dPGS could potently enhance the glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in M0 macrophages as well as decrease the mitochondrial respiration of M2 macrophages. In summary the data indicate that dPGS polarizes macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype in a metabolic pathway-dependent manner.},
  language  = {en}
}