@article{CadarJellingerRiedereretal.2021,
  author    = {Cadar, D{\´a}niel and Jellinger, Kurt A. and Riederer, Peter and Strobel, Sabrina and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria and Tappe, Dennis},
  title     = {No metagenomic evidence of causative viral pathogens in postencephalitic parkinsonism following encephalitis lethargica},
  series = {Microorganisms},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Microorganisms},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {2076-2607},
  doi       = {10.3390/microorganisms9081716},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245074},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Postencephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) is a disease of unknown etiology and pathophysiology following encephalitis lethargica (EL), an acute-onset polioencephalitis of cryptic cause in the 1920s. PEP is a tauopathy with multisystem neuronal loss and gliosis, clinically characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, and oculogyric crises. Though a viral cause of EL is likely, past polymerase chain reaction-based investigations in the etiology of both PEP and EL were negative. PEP might be caused directly by an unknown viral pathogen or the consequence of a post-infectious immunopathology. The development of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in conjunction with bioinformatic techniques has generated a broad-range tool for the detection of unknown pathogens in the recent past. Retrospective identification and characterization of pathogens responsible for past infectious diseases can be successfully performed with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. In this study, we analyzed 24 FFPE brain samples from six patients with PEP by unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Our results show that no evidence for the presence of a specific or putative (novel) viral pathogen was found, suggesting a likely post-infectious immune-mediated etiology of PEP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UppalGianatiempoWicinskietal.2014,
  author    = {Uppal, Neha and Gianatiempo, Isabella and Wicinski, Bridget and Schmeidler, James and Heinsen, Helmut and Schmitz, Christoph and Buxbaum, Joseph D. and Hof, Patrick R.},
  title     = {Neuropathology of the posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus in children with autism},
  series = {Molecular Autism},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Molecular Autism},
  number    = {17},
  doi       = {10.1186/2040-2392-5-17},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117275},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: While most neuropathologic studies focus on regions involved in behavioral abnormalities in autism, it is also important to identify whether areas that appear functionally normal are devoid of pathologic alterations. In this study we analyzed the posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus, an extrastriate area not considered to be affected in autism. This area borders the fusiform gyrus, which is known to exhibit functional and cellular abnormalities in autism. Findings: No studies have implicated posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus dysfunction in autism, leading us to hypothesize that neuropathology would not occur in this area. We indeed observed no significant differences in pyramidal neuron number or size in layers III, V, and VI in seven pairs of autism and controls. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neuropathology is unique to areas involved in stereotypies and social and emotional behaviors, and support the specificity of the localization of pathology in the fusiform gyrus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinsenHeinsen1991,
  author    = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.},
  title     = {Serial thick, frozen, gallocyanin stained sections of human central nervous system},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45741},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A rapid method for macroscopic and microscopic investigation of human CNS is proposed. After fonnalin fixation, gelatin or agarose embedding, and cryoprotective treatment, frozen human spinal cords, brainstems, or hemispheres can be serially cut into 0.7 mm thick slices. Stained with gallocyanin-chromalum, these slices facilitate cytoarchitectonic, neuropathologic, and quantitative examination. Regions of interest from parallel fonnalin-stored unstained slices can be embedded into paraffin and stained by any irnrnunocytologic and histologic stain compatible with fonnalin fixation and paraffin embedding.},
  language  = {en}
}